Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier
Page 37
(III) providing adequate and effective protection for the intellectual property rights of companies described in subparagraph (A).
Working Capital Fund
Pub. L. No. 108-7, Div K, Title III, 117 Stat. 520, on Feb. 20, 2003
Uncodified
There is hereby established in the United States Treasury a National Aeronautics and Space Administration working capital fund. Amounts in the fund are available for financing activities, services, equipment, information, and facilities as authorized by law to be provided within the Administration; to other agencies or instrumentalities of the United States; to any State, Territory, or possession or political subdivision thereof; to other public or private agencies; or to any person, firm, association, corporation, or educational institution on a reimbursable basis. The fund shall also be available for the purpose of funding capital repairs, renovations, rehabilitation, sustainment, demolition, or replacement of NASA real property, on a reimbursable basis within the Administration. Amounts in the fund are available without regard to fiscal year limitation. The capital of the fund consists of amounts appropriated to the fund; the reasonable value of stocks of supplies, equipment, and other assets and inventories on order that the Administrator transfers to the fund, less the related liabilities and unpaid obligations; amounts received from the sale of exchange of property; and payments received for loss or damage to property of the fund. The fund shall be reimbursed, in advance, for supplies and services at rates that will approximate the expenses of operation, such as the accrual of annual leave, depreciation of plant, property and equipment, and overhead.
Appointment of Commissioned Officer as Deputy Administrator
Pub. L. 107–117, div. B, § 307, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2301
Codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2472 note
SEC. 2472
During fiscal year 2002 the President, acting by and with the consent of the Senate, is authorized to appoint a commissioned officer of the Armed Forces, in active status, to the Office of Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration notwithstanding section 202(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2472 (b)). If so appointed, the provisions of section 403 (c)(3), (4), and (5) of title 50, United States Code, shall be applicable while the commissioned officer serves as Deputy Administrator in the same manner and extent as if the officer was serving in a position specified in section 403 (c) of title 50, United States Code, except that the officer’s military pay and allowances shall be reimbursed from funds available to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Notice of Reprogramming or Reorganization
Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 311, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1594
Codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2473 note
SEC. 2473
(a) Notice of Reprogramming.—If any funds authorized by this Act [see Tables for classification] are subject to a reprogramming action that requires notice to be provided to the Appropriations Committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate, notice of such action shall concurrently be provided to the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
(b) Notice of Reorganization.—The Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall provide notice to the Committees on Science and Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Appropriations of the Senate, not later than 30 days before any major reorganization of any program, project, or activity of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Purchase of American-Made Equipment and Products
Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 319, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1597
Codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2473 note
SEC. 2473
(a) Purchase of American-Made Equipment and Products.—In the case of any equipment or products that may be authorized to be purchased with financial assistance provided under this Act [see Tables for classification], it is the sense of the Congress that entities receiving such assistance should, in expending the assistance, purchase only American-made equipment and products.
(b) Notice to Recipients of Assistance.—In providing financial assistance under this Act, the Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall provide to each recipient of the assistance a notice describing the statement made in subsection (a) by the Congress.
Enhancement of Science and Mathematics Programs
Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 321, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1597
Codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2473 note
SEC. 2473
(a) Definitions.—In this section:
(1) Educationally useful federal equipment.—The term ‘educationally useful Federal equipment’ means computers and related peripheral tools and research equipment that is appropriate for use in schools.
(2) School.—The term ‘school’ means a public or private educational institution that serves any of the grades of kindergarten through grade 12.
(b) Sense of the Congress
(1) In general.—It is the sense of the Congress that the Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] should, to the greatest extent practicable and in a manner consistent with applicable Federal law (including Executive Order No. 12999 [40 U.S.C. 549 note]), donate educationally useful Federal equipment to schools in order to enhance the science and mathematics programs of those schools.
(2) Reports.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000], and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall prepare and submit to Congress a report describing any donations of educationally useful Federal equipment to schools made during the period covered by the report.
NASA Flexibility Act of 2004
Pub. L. 108-201, § 2 (b), 118 Stat. 461, Feb. 24, 2004
Codified at 5 U.S.C. § 101 note, amended at 42 U.S.C. § 2473
This Act [adding Chapter 98 of Title 5 and amending 42 U.S.C. § 2473 and the part analysis preceding 5 U.S.C. § 2101] may be cited as the ‘NASA Flexibility Act of 2004’.
Effective date. The amendment made by this section shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the date of enactment of this of this [sic] Act.
APPENDIX C*
A Half Century of NASA Spending 1959–2010:
NASA Outlays in Relation to Total US Federal Government Outlays
and to GDP
Year
Total US Federal Outlays in Current Dollars (millions $)
NASA Outlays in Current Dollars (millions $)
NASA Outlays as Share of Total US Federal Outlays (%)
NASA Outlays in Constant 2010 Dollars (millions $)
US GDP in Current Dollars (billions $)
NASA Outlays as Share of US GDP (%)
1959
92,098
146
0.16
871
506.6
0.03
1960
92,191
401
0.43
2370
526.4
0.08
1961
97,723
744
0.76
4340
544.8
0.14
1962
106,821
1257
1.18
7240
585.7
0.21
1963
111,316
2552
2.29
14,500
617.8
0.41
1964
118,528
4171
3.52
23,400
663.6
0.63
1965
118,228
5092
4.31
28,100
719.1
0.71
1966
134,532
4.41
31,800
787.7
0.75
1967
157,464
5425
3.45
28,200
832.4
0.65
1968
178,134
4722
2.65
23,500
909.8
0.52
1969
183,640
4251
2.31
20,200
984.4
0.43
1970
195,649
3752
1.92
16,900
1,038.3
0.36
1971
210,172
3382
1.61
14,500
1,126.8
0.30
1972
230,681
3423
1.48
14,100
1,237.9
0.28
1973
245,707
3312
1.35
12,900
1,382.3
0.24
1974
269,359
3255
1.21
11,700
1,499.5
0.22
1975
332,332
3269
0.98
10,700
1,637.7
0.20
1976
371,792
3671
0.99
11,400
1,824.6
0.20
1977
409,218
4002
0.98
11,600
2,030.1
0.20
1978
458,746
4164
0.91
11,300
2,293.8
0.18
1979
504,028
4380
0.87
11,000
2,562.2
0.17
1980
590,941
4959
0.84
11,400
2,788.1
0.18
1981
678,241
5537
0.82
11,600
3,126.8
0.18
1982
745,743
6155
0.83
12,200
3,253.2
0.19
1983
808,364
6853
0.85
13,100
3,534.6
0.19
1984
851,805
7055
0.83
13,000
3,930.9
0.18
1985
946,344
7251
0.77
12,900
4,217.5
0.17
1986
990,382
7403
0.75
12,900
4,460.1
0.17
1987
1,004,017
7591
0.76
12,900
4,736.4
0.16
1988
1,064,416
9092
0.85
14,900
5,100.4
0.18
1989
1,143,744
11,036
0.96
17,400
5,482.1
0.20
1990
1,252,994
12,429
0.99
19,000
5,800.5
0.21
1991
1,324,226
13,878
1.05
20,500
5,992.1
0.23
1992
1,381,529
13,961
1.01
20,200
6,342.3
0.22
1993
1,409,386
14,305
1.01
20,200
6,667.4
0.21
1994
1,461,753
13,694
0.94
19,000
7,085.2
0.19
1995
1,515,742
13,378
0.88
18,200
7,414.7
0.18
1996
1,560,484
13,881
0.89
18,500
7,838.5
0.18
1997
1,601,116
14,360
0.90
18,800
8,332.4
0.17
1998
1,652,458
14,194
0.86
18,400
8,793.5
0.16
1999
1,701,842
13,636
0.80
17,400
9,353.5
0.15
2000
1,788,950
13,428
0.75
16,800
9,951.5
0.13
2001
1,862,846
14,092
0.76
17,200
10,286.2
0.14
2002
2,010,894
14,405
0.72
17,300
10,642.3
0.14
2003
2,159,899
14,610
0.68
17,200
11,142.1
0.13
2004
2,292,841
15,152
0.66
17,300
11,867.8
0.13
2005
2,471,957
15,602
0.63
17,300
12,638.4
0.12
2006
2,655,050
15,125
0.57
16,200
13,398.9
0.11
2007
2,728,686
15,861
0.58
16,500
14,061.8
0.11
2008
2,982,544
17,833
0.60
18,200
14,369.1
0.12
2009
3,517,677
19,168
0.54
19,400
14,119.0
0.14
2010
3,456,213
18,906
0.55
18,900
14,660.4
0.13
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F*
Space Budgets: US Government Agencies 2010
Agency
Budget
Source
Department of Defense (DoD)
$26.66 billion
Futron estimate
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)
$15.00
GlobalSecurity.org estimate
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
$2.00
GlobalSecurity.org estimate
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
$18.72
NASA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
$1.40
NOAA
Department of Energy (DOE)
$0.04
DOE
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
$0.02
> FAA
National Science Foundation (NSF)
$0.64
NSF
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
$0.01
Futron estimate
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
$0.15
DOI
Total
$64.63 billion
APPENDIX G*
Space Budget: Global 2010
APPENDIX H*
Space Budgets: US and Non-US Governments 2010
Country/Agency
Budget
(US $)
Source
Description
United States
$64.63 billion
[see Appendix F]
Fiscal Year 2010 Request/Authorization
European Space Agency
$4.60 billion
European Space Agency
Calendar Year 2010 Appropriation
European Union
$1.63 billion
European Commission
Calendar Year 2010 Appropriation
Brazil
$0.18 billion
Government of Brazil
Calendar Year 2011 Authorization
Canada*
$0.29 billion
Government of Canada
Fiscal Year 2010/2011 Appropriation
China
$2.24 billion
Futron estimate
Calendar Year 2010 Estimated Spending
France*
$0.92 billion
Space News
Calendar Year 2010 Appropriation
Germany*
$0.64 billion
Government of Germany
Calendar Year 2010 Appropriation
India
$1.25 billion
Government of India
Fiscal Year 2010/2011 Allocation