Lindbergh

by A. Scott Berg

  Regarding the position as Secretary of Air: CAL later stated that General Arnold said that if he did not accept the offer, there would be no record of the conversation. (CAL to Murray Green, Feb. 15, 1971.)

  “PHONY WAR”; FLORIDA TRIP; AML YEARNINGS: CAL (D), Oct. 21, 1939, May 15–23, 1940; WJ, pp. 278, 307–16, 348–50; James Newton to CAL, Jan. 9, 1940; CAL to ELLL, Feb. 6 and 22, Mar. 6, May 19, 1940; CAL (D) Jan. 21, 1940–Feb. 7, 1940; WWW, pp. 77–81, 89–94, 102–4, 129–31, 161–2; Newton, Uncommon Friends, pp. 196, 200–1, 219–26; AML to Mary Scandrett, Jan. 13, 1937; FN, pp. 107–8; AML to Mina Curtiss, May 27, 1939; AML to Ruth Oliff, Aug. 23, 1940; AML (D), Apr. 3 and 29, May 27, June 7 and 21, July 23, 1940, Jan. 1941; CAL, “The Air Defense of America,” speech, May 19, 1940; “The Small Minority Threatens U. S. Peace,” Social Justice, June 3, 1940; AML to ECM, June 5–7, 1940; AC to CAL, Sept. 12, 1939; AC to Dr. Scovel, Feb. 24, 1940; Stacy Schiff, Saint-Exupéry: A Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), pp. 150–2.

  WAVE OF THE FUTURE; BIRTH OF ASL: AML (D), Aug. 16 and 26, Oct. 27, 1940; WWW, pp. 137, 141–5, 147–8; AML to ECM, Sept. 4, 1940; ECM (D), Sept. 6, 1940; ECM to AML, Sept. 6 and Dec. 3, 1940; CAL (D), June 21, Sept. 17 and 25, Oct. 2, Nov. 5, Dec. 10, 1940; WJ, pp. 360, 390, 392, 394–5, 414, 425; WF, pp. 18–9, 23–7, 33–4, 37; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; AML to ASB (I), Feb. 27, 1990; Alfred Harcourt to CAL, Nov. 22, 1940; DeWitt Wallace to CAL, Sept. 27, 1940; W. H. Auden to AML, Oct. 21, 1940; E. B. White writes of WF in One Man’s Meat (New York: Harper Brothers, 1944), pp. 203–10; Dorothy Thompson, “An Open Letter to AML,” Look, Mar., 1941, n.p.; Ickes quoted in Wayne Cole, CAL and the Battle Against American Intervention in World War II (New York: Harcourt Braace Jovanovich, 1974), p. 130; CL to AML, ca. 1941 [Y:10/216]; ECM to William A. White, Dec. 2, 1940; AML, “Reaffirmation,” The Atlantic Monthly, June, 1941, pp. 681–6.

  CAL’S PUBLIC ADDRESSES; AMERICA FIRST: CAL (D), June 5–15, 22, and 26, Aug. 3–4, Oct. 22, 24, and 30, 1940; WJ, pp. 353–8, 360, 362, 374–5, 409–11; CAL, “Our Relationship With Europe,” speech, Aug. 4, 1940; R. D. Stuart, Jr. to CAL, Aug. 5, 1940; Cole, CAL and Battle, pp. 106, 123–4, 128–9; “The Attack on L,” The Christian Century, Aug. 21, 1940, pp. 1022–3; H. Morgenthau, “Presidential Diaries,” May 20, 1940, p. 563 [FDR Library]; FDR to H. L. Stimson, May 21, 1940 [Y: Stimson Papers]; Ralph Ingersoll, “Denouncing CAL,” PM, Aug. 6, 1940, p. 1; Lippmann quoted in Ronald Steel, Walter Lippmann and the American Century (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1980), p. 375, calling CAL a “Nazi lover”; C. B. Allen, “L Today,” Scribner’s Commentator, Aug., 1940, pp. 11–2, 21–6; “L vs. Byrnes,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 25, 1940, p. 10; Herman Klurfeld, Winchell: His Life and Times (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1976), p. 89; John S. Bugas to Director (J. Edgar Hoover), FBI file #65–11449–7, June 14, 1940; AML (D), Aug. 26, 1940; WWW, pp. 141; Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt & Hopkins (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948), pp. 152–3; Anon. to CAL, c. Aug., 1940; Anon. to Col. Charles Lindburger Cheese, May 22, 1940; J. J. Breslin (Post Office Dept Inspector) to CAL, June 14, 1940; Paul Palmer, “America Speaks to CAL” (ms), Aug. 31, 1940; Norman Thomas to CAL, May 24, 1940; John Foster Dulles to CAL, May 20, 1940; Chester Bowles to CAL, May 24, 1940; F. L. Wright quoted in Palmer, “America Speaks”; Frank Lloyd Wright in his Autobiography (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943), p. 500, wrote that he wired L: “… now when everywhere is equivocation and cowardice, you not only think straight but you dare speak straight”; Daniel V. McNamee, Jr., Potter Stewart, R. Douglas Stuart, Jr., Wyndham Gary, Willard Brown, Sargent Shriver to CAL, Nov. 1, 1939; Eugene Locke, R. D. Stuart, Jr., Gerald Ford, Potter Stewart, “Dear____” (mimeographed form letter), n.d.; America First’s principles appear in Richard Moore, The Great Debate and Me: A Memoir for my Grandchildren (U), n.d.; Richard A. Moore to ASB (I), May 30, 1994; R. Douglas Stuart, Jr. to ASB (I), Mar. 26, 1994; CAL, “Impregnable America” (Yale speech), Oct. 30, 1940; K. R. McIntyre to Mr. Kramer, (M), FBI Serial #100–4712–140X.

  The name “Committee to Defend America First” was meant to mimic William Allen White’s organization, “Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies.” Another early recruit to the organization was Peter Dominick, who would become a United States Senator from Colorado.

  LEND-LEASE TESTIMONY; RETURN TO FLORIDA: Hamilton Fish to CAL (T), Jan. 14, 1941; CAL (D), Jan. 23, Feb. 5, 6, and 13, Mar. 5–27, 1941; WJ, pp. 442–3, 446–8, 450, 455–71; CAL, “Statement: Lend-Lease Bill,” H.R. 1776 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Govt. Printing Office, 1941), p. 3; “Lend-Lease Bill,” Congressional Record, Jan. 23, 1941, pp. 373, 379, 412, 420, 435; “Promote Defense of the U. S.,” hearings on S275, Congressional Record, Feb. 6, 1941, pp. 490, 512, 522, 525; Jacob J. Leibson to CAL, Feb. 10, 1941; Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr. to CAL (T), n.d.; “L and the Like,” The Richmond News Leader, Jan. 28, 1941, p. 10; James Newton to CAL, Feb. 14, 1941; CAL to ELLL, Feb. 19 and Mar. 6, 1941; WWW, pp. 167–9; Newton, Uncommon Friends, p. 238.

  AMERICA FIRST SPEECHES: CAL, “Chicago Speech,” April 17, 1941; CAL (D), Apr. 17–8, 23, 25–7, May 3, 10, 23, 28, and 29, June 18 and 20, July 27, Aug. 9, 26–9, 1941; WJ, pp. 474–82, 484–6, 492–4, 496–8, 503–5, 522, 524–5, 529–32; Cole, CAL and Battle, pp. 123, 130, 147–9; CAL, “Manhattan Center Speech,” Apr. 23, 1941; AML (D), May 9 and 23, June 18 and 20, 1941; WWW, pp. 177–8, 186–92, 196–9; L. M. Birkhead to CAL, Mar. 11, 1941; n.t., PM, Apr. 24, 1941, n.p.; “Ickes Charges Hitler’s Helpers Undermine U. S.,” Chicago Tribune, Apr. 14, 1941, p. 11; FDR Presidential Press Conference #738, Apr. 25, 1941 [FDR Library: vol. :17:2925]; CAL to Secy. H. L. Stimson, Apr. 28, 1941; CAL to FDR, original and final draft, Apr. 28, 1941; ECM (D), Apr. 29, 1941; R. D. Stuart, Jr. to CAL (T), ca. Apr. 28, June 30, July 14, 1941; John and Adelaide Marquand to CAL (T), Apr. 29, 1941; Robert McCormick to CAL, Apr. 28, 1941; CAL, final drafts of speeches, Mar. 3, 10, 23, and May 29, June 20, July 1, Aug. 9, 1941; Friends of Democracy flyer, n.d.; McIntyre, FBI (M), Sept. 12, 1941; Norman Thomas (with Bertram Wolfe), Keep America Out of War (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1939), p. 19; n.t., Time, June 2, 1941, p. 15; n.t., Life, June 9, 1941, p. 56; CAL to Truman Smith, Mar. 6, 1941; James E. West to CAL, June 20, 1941; Maj. A. C. Wedemeyer to CAL, May 2, 1941; Franklin Alter, Jr. to Editor (Dayton) Journal-Herald, May 18, 1941; “In the News,” Washington News Letter, May 21, 1941, p. 3; Clare Swisher, “It’s A Great Life,” press release re Buffalo, Aug. 19, 1940; “Lindy Ousted as Honorary Member of Memorial Unit,” n.s., n.d.; “The Dissenters,” Life, May 5, 1941, p. 28; CAL to R. D. Stuart, Jr., June 21, 1941; CAL to W. R. Hearst, Feb. 27 and July 2, 1941.

  An oratorical note: CAL pronounced the word “Nazi” as though it rhymed with “jazzy.”

  CAL VS. FDR AND ICKES; ANTI-CAL SENTIMENT BUILDS: Harold Ickes, “France Forever,” speech, July 14, 1941; CAL (D), July 16, 1941; WJ, pp. 518; CAL to FDR, July 16, 1941; Stephen Early to CAL, July 19, 1941; Harold Ickes, “Ickes Asserts L Errs In Story of Nazi Decoration,” Washington Star, July 25, 1941, p. A-2 and “Ickes Rejects Apology Demanded by L,” n.s., July 24, 1941, sent by John Wheeler (North American Newspaper Alliance) to CAL, July 25, 1941; “A Reprimand for Mr. Ickes,” Liberty, Aug. 2, 1941, p. 9; R. E. Wood to CAL, Aug. 12, 1941; Billy Rose to CAL (T), July 18, 1941; Richard A. Moore to ASB (I), May 30, 1994; Harold Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: 1939–1941, vol. III (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1954), p. 501.

  MARTHA’S VINEYARD; DES MOINES SPEECH: AML to Kay Smith, July 16, 1941; CAL to Truman Smith, Aug. 1, 1941; CAL (D), Aug. 15, Sept. 11–3, 17, 18, Oct. 3, 6, 10, and 14, Nov. 1 and 30, Dec. 1, 1941; WJ, pp. 522, 527, 536–42, 544, 546–9, 552, 558–60; AML (D), July, Sept. 11, 13, 14, 1941; WWW, pp. 211–2, 220–5, 231; CAL to Wayne Cole, Feb. 17, 1972 and Mar. 19, 1973; CAL, drafts of Des Moines speech, Aug. 18 and Sept. 11, 1941; AML, “Suggestions—1st typed draft,” n.d.; AML to Sue Vaillant, Sept. 8, 1941; Newton, Uncommon Friends, p. 250; D. Meyer, “Today’s Guest Editorial,” Phoenix Gazette, Sept. 5, 1941, n.p.; AML to
ECM, Sept. 27, 1941; Cole, CAL and Battle, pp. 174–5; Reinhold Niebuhr to John T. Flynn, Sept. 13, 1941 [University of Oregon, Eugene, OR: Flynn Papers]; “Assail L For Iowa Speech,” NYT, Sept. 13, 1941, p. 1; “L—The Most Dangerous Man in America,” Liberty, Oct. 18, 1941, n.p.; Rabbi Reichart quoted in Erich J. P. Sturm to CAL, Sept. 14, 1941; Sol Schwartz to CAL, Sept. 29, 1941; Norman Thomas to R. E. Wood, Sept. 17, 1941; Norman Thomas to CAL, Sept. 24, 1941; Francis E. McMahon, “L and the Jews,” Liberty, Jan. 3, 1942, n.p.; HG to Milton Lehman, Apr. 16, 1963; Winchell quoted in Klurfeld, Winchell, p. 90; CAL to Mayor H. W. Baals, Oct. 16, 1941; CAL to Katrina McCormick, Oct. 16, 1941; CAL to R. E. Wood (draft), c. Sept. [Y:39/1175] and Oct. 27, 1941; R. D. Stuart, Jr. to “All Chapter Chairmen,” Sept. 23, 1941; R. E. Wood to CAL, Sept. 22, 1941; CAL, final draft of speech, Oct. 3, 1941; Moore, “Autobiography,” pp. 39–40, 43–4; Richard Moore to ASB (I), May 30, 1994; Lyle Leverich to ASB, Nov. 3, 1990; CAL to Rev. John A. O’Brien, Dec. 1, 1941.

  PEARL HARBOR: CAL, “What Do We Mean by Democracy and Freedom,” preliminary draft of speech, meant to be delivered Dec. 12, 1941; Thomas (and Wolfe), Keep America Out, pp. 156–7; CAL (D), Dec. 7 and 8, 1941; WJ, pp. 560–1; AML (D), Dec. 8, 1941; WWW, p. 239–42; CAL to R. D. Stuart, Jr., (T), Dec. 8, 1941.

  15 CLIPPED WINGS

  E: AOV, p. 195.

  CAL ATTEMPTS TO JOIN WAR EFFORT: CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; CAL (D), June 22, Dec. 12, 16, 18, 20, and 30, 1941, Jan. 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 19, Feb. 1, 2, 10, 13, and 25, Mar. 12, 1942; WJ, pp. 506–7, 567–69, 576–7, 570, 572–4, 578–84, 587, 589–90, 593–5, 597, 602; R. D. Stuart, Jr., to “All Chapter Chairmen,” Dec. 8, 1941; CAL to Gen. H. H. Arnold, Dec. 20, 1941; Gen. H. H. Arnold to CAL, Dec. 23, 1941; “Mr. L volunteers,” NYT, Dec. 31, 1941, n.p.; Victor Reisel, “L Regrets White Race ‘Is Divided In This War,’” New York Post, Jan. 9, 1942; “L Deplored Split of White Race,” New York World-Telegram, Jan. 9, 1942; “Do You Want the Man Who Said These Things,” PM, Jan. 9, 1942; Harold Ickes to FDR, Dec. 30, 1941; Frank Knox to FDR (M), Jan. 1, 1942; FDR to Harold Ickes, Dec. 30, 1941; Henry L. Stimson to FDR, Jan. 13, 1942; “Lindy to Technical Army Job,” (Chicago?) American, Jan. 15, 1942; CAL to R. E. Wood, Dec. 26, 1941; FDR’s line about clipping wings cited in CAL, “Timeline,” Aug., 1957; CAL to Phil Love, Jan. 30, 1942 and Mar. 7, 1942; CAL to Jerry Land, Dec. 22, 1941; Phil Love to CAL, Jan. 28 and Feb. 22, 1942; CAL to Maj. Reuben Fleet, Mar. 14, 1942; R. Fleet to CAL, Mar. 21, 1942, Dec. 21, 1951, Aug. 24, 1957.

  FORD MOTOR CO.: CAL (D), Mar. 16, 21, 23, 24, Apr. 1–3, 9, 10, 15, 1942; WJ, pp. 603, 607–8, 612–4, 621–3, 625; Allan Nevins and Frank Ernest Hill, Ford: Decline and Rebirth, 1933–1962 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963), pp. 186–9, 198–9; AML (D), Mar. 12, Apr. 8, 1942; WWW, pp. 251–7; AML to CMM, Apr. 2, 1942; CAL to Father O’Brien, Oct. 29, 1942; I. A. Capizzi to Managing Editor of Michigan Daily, May, 19, 1942; CAL to I. A. Capizzi, May 27, 1942; “Have You Changed Your Mind?,” Liberty, July 25, 1942, pp. 20–1; Ernest V. Heyn (of Liberty) to CAL, attached to “Suggested Outline For Reply,” July 6, 1942; CAL to “Sirs” (Liberty), unsent letter, ca. July, 1942; Clinton Green (of International News Service) to CAL, Apr. 4, 1942; CAL to Clinton Green, June 15, 1942; John Walters (of Sunday Pictorial in London) to CAL (T), Jan. 28, 1942; Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to CAL (T), Dec. 30, 1941; CAL to Marjory Douglas of MHS, Jan. 2, 1942; Marjory Douglas to CAL, June 6, 1942.

  Henry Ford employed two other “former heroes” during the war, both at the Ford Rouge plant: Jesse Owens worked at a desk in the Employment division; and Jim Thorpe worked in the Plant Protection department (Ford Times, Apr. 2, 1943, pp. 1, 7).

  LIFE IN DETROIT; BIRTH OF SML: CAL to James Newton, May 21, 1942; AML to CAL, June 13, 1942; WWW, pp. 269–70, 273–5, 277, 279–80, 282–5, 287–94, 306; CAL to AML, Apr. 14, June 4, 1942; CAL (D), May 22, 29, and 31, June 5, July 9, 21, 28, and 30, Aug. 1, 4, 11, Sept. 17–8, 1942; WJ, pp. 653, 658–9, 663, 674, 679, 683–5, 688–9, 694; AML (D), July 18, 21, and 28, Aug. 2, 4, 12, Nov. 28, 1942; CAL to Frank Ernest Hill, Nov. 13, Dec. 6, 1959; AML to ECM, Dec. 2, 1942; AML to CMM, Aug. 24, 1942; CAL to Donald Shelley (Director, Henry Ford Museum), Oct. 31, 1957; CAL (N) re trailer, Sept. 13, 1957; “Meet L’s Travel Trailer,” Trailering Guide, Jan., 1965, pp. 20–1; CAL to C. E. Sorenson, June 3, 1942, Jan. 2, 1943; CAL, “The Future of the Large Bomber” (submitted to C. E. Sorenson), Apr. 18, 1942; CAL to Dr. J. C. Hunsaker, Aug. 19, 1942; AOV, pp. 23–5; CAL to Henry Ford, July 30, 1942; CAL to Paul Palmer, July 6, 1942; CAL to Harry Bennett, Dec. 22, 1942; “L In the News,” The Roanoke (Va.) Times, Aug. 14, 1942, p. 6; Theodore Dreiser to Mrs. Hortense N. Dillon, Oct. 20, 1942; the story of Beatrice Kaufman and Adelaide Marquand is related in Stephen Birmingham, The Late John Marquand (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1972), pp. 159–60.

  MAYO CLINIC; HIGH-ALTITUDE TESTS: CAL (D), Sept. 22–Oct. 3, 19, 21, 23, Nov. 2, 14, 1942; WJ, pp. 718–731, 734–5, 741, 746–7; D. B. Dill, “Walter M. Boothby, Pioneer in Aviation Medicine,” Science, Oct. 29, 1954, p. 688; AOV, pp. 24–5; CAL, “Training For the Recognition of Oxygen Emergencies in High-Altitude Flying,” Handbook of Respiratory Physiology, Sept., 1954, pp. v–vii; Walter M. Boothby, Kenneth G. Wilson, CAL, and Charles J. Clark, “M—Report to Army Air Forces Material Center,” Series A, No. 1, Oct. 3, 1942; Walter Boothby to CAL, May 20, 1952; CAL to Dr. Charles Mayo, Oct. 16, 1942; CAL to Dr. W. M. Boothby, Oct. 16, 1942; OFAL, pp. 3–10; CAL to E. E. Wilson, Nov. 25 and Dec. 4, 1942; E. E. Wilson to CAL, Nov. 27, 1942; “Army & Navy Report,” Time, Oct. 1, 1943, pp. 69–71; CAL, “Trips to Bridgeport & Hartford,” (M), n.d.; L. D. Lyman, “L: ‘Tech Rep,’” The Bee-Hive, Jan. 1950, p. 14; L. D. Lyman to E. E. Wilson, “Confidential—M,” ca. Oct. 15, 1943.

  CAL IN COMBAT: CAL (D), Jan. 5, 6, 19–23, Apr. 2, 3, May 22, 29, and 30, June 21, 26, July 10, 12, 16, 19, 24, 26, 28, Aug. 1, 15, 21, 22, Sept. 1–4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 16, 17, 1944; WJ, pp. 755–6, 759–60, 774–5, 814–9, 835–7, 853–4, 856, 870–4, 876–8, 881–5, 887–93, 906, 910–2, 915–8, 920–2, 924; ROSS, Aug. 8, 1968; Boyne, Smithsonian Book, p. 190; Charles H. Gibbs-Smith, Aviation, p. 209; CAL to AML, Apr. 23, May 12, 1944; Col. Charles MacDonald, “Long-legged Fighters,” typescript, later published as “L In Battle,” Colliers, Feb. 16, 1946, pp. 11–2, 75–6; CAL to R. Fredette, May 15, 1971; Edwards Park, “The Jug in New Guinea,” appears in Boyne, Smithsonian Book, p. 178; Carroll R. “Bob” Anderson to Bob Considine, July 18, 1957; AOV, pp. 195–202; CAL, “Individual Combat Report,” Mission No. 3–407, July 29, 1944; Col. C. H. MacDonald, “Individual Combat Report,” Mission No. 30407, July 29, 1944; CAL to Col. Danforth Miller, Sept. 29, 1956; OFAL, pp. 10–14; CAL, “Individual Combat Report,” Mission No. 3–413, Aug. 2, 1944; CAL to Paul Baker, Apr. 26, 1953.

  CAL’s means of achieving “maximum range cruise” involved flying slowly, setting throttles and propeller controls so that “the engines turn slowly but labor hard,” and running on a lean mixture, such that the “engines suck in more air and less gasoline.” (W. Langewiesche, “How They Fly the Atlantic,” Harper’s, May, 1948, p. 449.)

  AML ON THE HOME FRONT: AML (D), Apr. 17, June 13, 1943, Feb. 4, Mar. 4–18, July 3, Oct. 8 and 27, 1944; WWW, pp. 338–40, 360, 381–2, 407–8, 417–9, 432, 438–9, 446–52; AML to Alfred Harcourt, Aug., 1943; CAL to AML, Aug. 7, 1944; AML to Margot L. Morrow, Sept. 7, 1944; CAL (D), Sept. 18, 20, and 22, 1944; WJ, pp. 925–8.

  16 PHOENIX

  E: OFAL, p. 50.

  READJUSTING TO “CIVILIAN” LIFE: CAL (D), Sept. 21–2, 1944; WJ, pp. 927–8; CAL to Charles MacDonald, Mar. 22, 1947; Harry Johansen to CAL (T), June 3, 1943; CAL to R. E. Wood, July 9, 1943; CAL to O. K. Armstrong, Mar. 28, 1944; CAL to Mrs. Thomas McGuire, Apr. 28, 1945; ROSS, Aug. 21, 1969; John LaFarge,” Alexis Carrel,” America, Nov. 18, 1944, p. 129; Anne and AC to Frederic Coudert, c. Oct., 1944; T. Bentley Mott to Frederic Coudert, Dec. 10, 1944; CAL to Roy McClure, Nov. 10, 1944; Corliss Lamont, “Argument from Ignorance,” The Modern Monthly, July,
1936, pp. 28–9; CAL to Dr. Irene McFaul, May 11, 1945; CAL to Edward Moore, Feb. 24, 1946; “By-laws of AC Foundation,” n.d.; CAL to Rev. Father E. Rooney, S. J., Aug. 14, 1953; Cass Canfield to CAL, Oct. 26, 1949; AML to CAL, June 6, 1945.

  CAL’S EUROPEAN MISSION: CAL to John F. Sinclair, Apr. 27, 1945; CAL to Gen. R. E. Wood, Nov. 16, 1949; CAL to ELLL, May 10, 1945; CAL (D), May 11–5, 17–9, 21, 23, June 4, 10, 11, and 13–5, 1945; WJ, pp. 933–40, 942–57, 960–1, 972, 990–1000; AOV, pp. 344–351; Gibbs-Smith, Aviation, pp. 213–4; CAL, “Supersonic Transport,” July 14, 1972; Lehman, High Man, pp. 402–3; CAL to Rt. Rev. Walter H. Gray, Apr. 10, 1972; CAL to Wayne Cole, Dec. 23, 1973; AML to William Jovanovich, Sept. 5, 1976.

  NEW ATTITUDES; GODDARD; ATOMIC BOMB: J. L. Bourbon to CAL, May 13, 1945; John Armstrong to “The Editor,” n.s., c. May 14, 1945; Bernard De Voto, “The Easy Chair,” Harper’s, Jan. 1944, p. 143; CAL to Wayne Cole, Mar. 11, 1974; CAL “final draft of comments to Chicago Tribune,” July 25, 1945; CAL to ELLL, July 30, 1945; CAL to H. B. Sallada, July 24, 1945; RHG to CAL, June 19, 1940; CAL to Milton Lehman, Nov. 12, 1961; Lehman, High Man, pp. 389–91; AML to André de Lattre, Aug. 7, 1945; FRDT; AOV, pp. 214–7, 226; CAL to AML, Sept. 19, 1945; CAL to Robert M. Hutchins, Nov. 25, 1946; “L Said to Advise Secrecy on Atomic Bomb,” NYT, Nov. 14, 1945, n.p.; CAL, “Phoned to A. P.,” Nov. 18, 1945; “L Wants Bomb Controlled by World Group,” Washington Post, Nov. 18, 1945, n.p.; CAL, “Aero Club Address,” Dec. 17, 1945.

  AIR FORCE AND POSTWAR GOVT. WORK: Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), pp. 341–5; W. Stuart Symington to CAL, Nov. 24, 1947; CAL to Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, reports, Sept. 14, 1948 and Feb. 18, 1949; AOV, pp. 29–30, 36, 219–2, 231, 237, 356; Col. J. J. Judge to Commanding Generals (M), Aug. 4, 1948; FRDT; CAL to AML, Aug. 8, 1947, Jan. 6 and Aug. 29, 1948; CAL to Stuart Symington, Nov. 15, 1949; CAL, “Statement,” Apr. 7, 1947; “L Urges U. S. World Role,” n.s., Apr. 14, 1947, n.p.