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A Secret History of the IRA

Page 95

by Ed Moloney


  United Irishmen

  Fusion of Catholic Defenders and Presbyterian radicals which rose unsuccessfully against English rule in 1798.

  UDA

  Ulster Defence Association. Once the largest Protestant paramilitary group. Conducted a campaign of terror against Catholics and IRA members. Oppose the Good Friday Agreement.

  UDR

  Ulster Defence Regiment. Mostly Protestant militia.

  UVF

  Ulster Volunteer Force. Led mainstream unionist rebellion against Home Rule Bill in 1912. Its modern version was known for vicious torture-murders of Catholics. Supported the Good Friday Agreement.

  UUP

  Largest unionist political party led during the key years of the peace process by David Trimble. Supported the Good Friday Agreement.

  Volunteer

  Official name for a rank-and-file IRA member.

  WBHAC

  West Belfast Housing Action Committee. Founded by Adams in 1960s.

  IRA Structure

  Bibliography

  BOOKS

  Adams, Gerry. A Pathway to Peace. Cork and Dublin: Mercier Press, 1988.

  _____. Before the Dawn: An Autobiography. London: Heinemann, 1996.

  _____. An Irish Voice: The Quest for Peace. Niwot, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart, 1997.

  Barton, Brian. A Pocket History of Ulster. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1996.

  Bean, Kevin, and Mark Hayes, eds. Republican Voices. Monaghan: Seesyu Press, 2001.

  Beckett, J. C. The Making of Modern Ireland, 1603–1923. London: Faber and Faber, 1982.

  Bell, J. Bowyer, The Secret Army: The IRA, 1916–1979. Dublin: Academy Press, 1979.

  _____. The IRA, 1968–2000: Analysis of a Secret Army. London and Portland, Ore.: Frank Cass, 2000.

  Beresford, David. Ten Men Dead: The Story of the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike. London: Grafton Books, 1987.

  Bew, Paul, and Gordon Gillespie. The Northern Ireland Peace Process, 1993–1996: A Chronology. London: Serif, 1996.

  _____. Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1999. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1999.

  Bishop, Patrick, and Eamonn Mallie. The Provisional IRA. London: Heinemann, 1987.

  Campbell, Brian, Laurence McKeown, and Felim O’Hagan, eds. Nor Meekly Serve My Time: The H-Block Struggle, 1976–1981. Belfast: Beyond the Pale Publications, 1998.

  Collins, Eamon, with Mick McGovern. Killing Rage. London: Granta Books, 1998.

  Collins, Tom. The Irish Hunger Strike. Dublin and Belfast: White Island, 1986.

  Coogan, Tim Pat. The IRA. London: Fontana, 1980.

  _____. De Valera: Long Fellow, Long Shadow. London: Hutchinson, 1993.

  _____. The Troubles: Ireland’s Ordeal 1966–1996 and the Search for Peace. London: Arrow, 1996.

  Cox, Michael, Adrian Guelke, and Fiona Stephen, eds. A Farewell to Arms? From “Long War” to Long Peace in Northern Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.

  de Baroid, Ciaran. Ballymurphy and the Irish War. Belfast: Aisling Publishers, 1989.

  Deutsch, Richard, and Vivien Magowan. Northern Ireland, 1968–71: A Chronology of Events. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1973.

  _____. Northern Ireland, 1972–73: A Chronology of Events. Belfast: Black-staff Press, 1974.

  _____. Northern Ireland, 1974: A Chronology of Events. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1975.

  Dillon, Martin. The Dirty War. London: Hutchinson, 1988.

  _____. The Shankill Butchers: A Case Study in Mass Murder. London: Hutchinson, 1989.

  Duignan, Sean. One Spin on the Merry-go-Round. Dublin: Blackwater Press, 1995.

  Eckert, Nicholas. Fatal Encounter: The Story of the Gibraltar Killings. Swords, Co. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1999.

  Elliott, Sydney, and W. D. Flackes. Northern Ireland: A Political Directory, 1968–1999. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1999.

  Farrell, Michael. Northern Ireland: The Orange State. London: Pluto Press, 1976.

  _____, ed. Twenty Years On. Dingle, Co. Kerry: Brandon, 1988.

  Finlay, Fergus. Snakes and Ladders. Dublin: New Island Books, 1998.

  FitzGerald, Garret. All in a Life: An Autobiography. London and Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1992.

  Godson, Dean. Himself Alone—David Trimble and the Ordeal of Unionism. London: HarperCollins, 2004.

  Gove, Michael. The Price of Peace: An Analysis of British Policy in Northern Ireland. London: Centre for Policy Studies, 2000.

  Harnden, Toby. Bandit Country: The IRA and South Armagh. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1999.

  Holland, Jack. The American Connection: US Guns, Money and Influence in Northern Ireland. Swords, Co. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1989.

  _____. Hope against History: The Ulster Conflict. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1999.

  Holland, Jack, and Susan Phoenix. Phoenix: Policing the Shadows. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996.

  Horgan, John. Sean Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1997.

  Kee, Robert. The Most Distressful Country. Volume 1 of The Green Flag. London, Melbourne, and New York: Quartet Books, 1976.

  Keena, Colm. Gerry Adams: A Biography. Cork: Mercier Press, 1990.

  Kelley, Kevin. The Longest War: Northern Ireland and the IRA. Dingle, Co. Kerry: Brandon Books, 1983.

  Keogh, Dermot. Jews in Twentieth Century Ireland: Refugees, Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust. Cork: Cork University Press, 1998.

  Kleinrichert, Denise. Republican Internment and the Prison Ship Argenta, 1922. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2001.

  MacEoin, Uinseann. The IRA in the Twilight Years, 1923–1948. Dublin: Argenta Publications, 1997.

  MacStiofain, Sean. Memoirs of a Revolutionary. London: Gordon Cremonesi, 1975.

  Maguire, Maria. To Take Arms: A Year in the Provisional IRA. London: Macmillan, 1973.

  Major, John. John Major: The Autobiography. London: HarperCollins, 2000.

  Mallie, Eamonn, and David McKittrick. The Fight for Peace: The Secret Story behind the Irish Peace Process. London: Heinemann, 1996.

  Mansergh, Martin. “No Selfish Strategic or Economic Interest? The Path to an All-Island Economy.” 3rd Annual Frank Cahill Memorial Lecture, August 1995. Regency Press.

  _____. “The Background to the Peace Process.” Irish Studies in International Affairs 6 (1995).

  _____. “The Peace Process in Historical Perspective.” Etudes Irlandes, no. 20-1 (1996).

  _____. “Creating a New Era of Understanding and Trust.” Gazette inaugural lecture, October 1997.

  _____, ed. The Spirit of the Nation: The Speeches of Charles J Haughey. Cork and Dublin: Mercier Press, 1987.

  McArdle, Dorothy. The Irish Republic. Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1999.

  McCann, Eamonn. War and an Irish Town. London: Pluto Press, 1980.

  McKendry, Seamus. Disappeared: The Search for Jean McConville. Dublin: Blackwater Press, 2000.

  McKittrick, David, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, and Chris Thornton. Lost Lives. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1999.

  McKittrick, David, and David McVea. Making Sense of the Troubles. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 2000.

  Milotte, Mike. Communism in Modern Ireland: The Pursuit of the Workers’ Republic since 1916. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1984.

  Moloney, Ed, and Andy Pollak. Paisley. Swords, Co. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1994.

  Murphy, Brian P. Patrick Pearse and the Lost Republican Ideal. Dublin: James Duffy, 1991.

  National Graves Association. The Last Post: Details and Stories of Irish Republican Dead, 1916–1985. Dublin, 1985.

  Needham, Richard. Battling for Peace. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1999.

  O Ceallaigh, Daltun. Irish Republicanism: Good Friday and After. Dublin: Leirmheas, 2000.

  O Dochartaigh, Niall. From Civil Rights to Armalites: Derry and the Birth of the Irish Troubles. Cork: Cork University Press, 1997.

  O’Brien, Brendan. The Long War. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1995.

  _____. A Pocket History of the IRA. Dublin: O’Brien Press,
2000.

  O’Brien, Justin. The Arms Trial. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 2000.

  O’Callaghan, Sean. The Informer. London: BCA, 1998.

  O’Clery, Conor. The Greening of the White House. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1997.

  O’Connor, Ulick. Michael Collins and the Troubles: The Struggle for Irish Freedom, 1912–1922. New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1996.

  O’Malley, Ernie. The Singing Flame. Dublin: Anvil Books, 1979.

  O’Malley, Padraig. The Uncivil Wars: Ireland Today. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1983.

  O’Neill, P. Freedom Struggle. Dublin: Provisional IRA, Irish Republican Publicity Bureau, June 1973.

  O’Rawe, Richard. Blanketmen—An Untold Story of the H-Block Hunger Strike. Dublin: New Island, 2005.

  O’Sullivan, Michael P. Patriot Graves: Resistance in Ireland. Chicago: Follett Publishing, 1972.

  Pollak, Andy, ed. A Citizens’ Inquiry: The Opsahl Report on Northern Ireland. Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1993.

  Regan, John M. The Irish Counter-Revolution, 1921–1936. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1999.

  Routledge, Paul. John Hume. London: HarperCollins, 1998.

  Ryder, Chris. The Ulster Defence Regiment: An Instrument of Peace? London: Methuen, 1991.

  Sharrock, David, and Mark Devenport. Man of War, Man of Peace? The Unauthorized Biography of Gerry Adams. London: Macmillan, 1997.

  Taylor, Peter. Families at War: Voices from the Troubles. London: BBC Books, 1989.

  _____. Provos: The IRA and Sinn Fein. London: Bloomsbury, 1998.

  Toolis, Kevin. Rebel Hearts: Journeys within the IRA’s Soul. London: Picador, 1995.

  Urban, Mark. Big Boys’ Rules: The Secret Struggle against the IRA. London: Faber and Faber, 1992.

  White, Robert, W. Provisional Irish Republicans: An Oral and Interpretative History. London and Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993.

  Woodward, Bob. Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA, 1981–1987. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.

  IRISH NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

  Hibernia

  In DublinMagill

  Belfast Telegraph

  Derry Journal

  Irish Independent

  Irish News

  Irish Press

  Irish Times

  Sunday Business Post

  Sunday News

  Sunday Tribune

  BRITISH NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES

  Hansard

  NI Brief, Parliamentary Brief

  Daily Telegraph

  Guardian

  Independent

  Observer

  Sunday Times

  Times

  Financial Times

  AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS

  New York Times

  Washington Post

  POLITICAL PUBLICAT IONS

  An Glor Gafa (The Captive Voice)

  An Phoblacht

  An Phoblacht–Republican News

  Fianna Fail: The IRA Connection, Official IRA

  IRIS: The Republican Magazine

  Irish Bheag

  Republican News

  Starry Plough

  United Irishman

  Index

  Abercorn bomb, see Provisional IRA: operations, Abercorn bomb abstentionism

  ending of, 151–52, 287–98, 328, 342, 390

  1960s debate, 56–58, 71, 288

  A Coy (Provisional IRA), 105

  active-service units (ASUs), see Provisional IRA: Cage 11 reorganization, active-service units

  Adair, Johnny, 414–15

  Adams, Annie, 37–38, 44–45

  Adams, Colette, 108–9, 128–29, 161, 163, 169, 174, 384

  see also McArdle, Colette

  Adams, Davy, 512

  Adams, Dominic, 38

  Adams, Gearoid, 129, 161, 163

  Adams, Gerry, xiii, xv, xvi, xx, xxi, 238–39, 407, 438, 470, 502, 516–17, 541, 553, 563, 566, 576, 580, 585–7, 590–92

  and “active abstentionism,” 151–52

  Adams/Major negotiations, 455–56

  as adjutant-general, 169, 173, 215

  and Army Council, 247, 346, 380–83, 389, 526, 583

  arrests:

  1972, 108–9

  1973, 133

  1978, 172–73

  assassination attempts, 578–79

  and August 1969, 70–71

  and Ballymurphy IRA, 80, 84, 87–88

  Ballymurphy riots, 86–88, 99, 104, 210

  and Begley funeral, 415

  as Belfast Brigade commander, 118, 164

  and Bloody Friday, 117–18

  and British withdrawal, 183–84, 400–401

  broad-front politics, 205

  Brownie articles, 151, 153, 169–70, 569–70

  and Bryson, Jim, 105

  Cage 11 reorganization proposals, 150–61, 163, 185, 317, 375

  and Canary Wharf bomb, 441–42

  and cease-fires:

  1974–75, 139, 143–44, 168–71

  1994–96, 396–99, 422, 426, 428–33, 436–37

  1997, 456–57, 469, 471

  as chief of staff, 172, 164, 613

  and Cochrane abduction, 222–23

  as commander of Second Battalion, 99, 100, 103, 106

  contacts with John Hume, 279–81, 285, 409

  and army conventions:

  1996, 444–55

  1997, 476–79

  1999, 520

  critique of IRA, 336–37, 342–43, 347–49, 384

  and Daly, Cahal, 235–36

  and decommissioning, 450, 464–65, 469–70, 488–89, 491–93, 495–500, 503, 519, 531–32, 543, 558

  dialogue with Charles Haughey, 268, 271, 274–75, 289, 324, 336, 422

  and “disappeared,” 121–22, 124–25

  dissembling tactic, 389–91

  and Downing Street Declaration, 413, 417

  early life, 38–39, 44–46

  elected to British parliament (1983), 240

  elected to Northern Assembly (1982), 190, 219

  electoral politics, 196–97, 200–203, 210, 212, 215–16

  ending abstentionism, 288–98

  and Eksund, xv, 32

  family, 37–38, 44, 87

  and Four Square Laundry, 119–21

  and Good Friday Agreement, 482–85

  and hunger strikes, 207, 213–14, 540, 567–72

  and internment, 100–1, 103–9, 128–29

  and interparty talks, 462, 472

  and IRA split (1969), 60, 69–70, 72–73, 80

  joins Army Council, 164

  joins IRA, 46

  joins Provisionals, 73

  lessons from 1960s, 54, 59–60

  letter to Tom King (1987), 250–51, 258

  in Long Kesh, 133, 148–61, 163, 290, 343, 575

  loss of West Belfast seat (1992), 340

  Lynagh oration, 325

  marriage, 107–8

  and McConville, Jean, 122, 124–25, 547

  and McCartney, Robert, 551, 554–57

  and McKee, Billy, 99, 147–48, 164, 166–68

  as a military strategist, 118–19

  on Mitchell principles, 473–74, 484, 505

  move against O Conaill and O Bradaigh, 178–92, 196–97, 204

  and national self-determination, 411

  and ni Elias, Christin, 191–92

  and 1960s turn to left, 68–70, 72

  and 1972 truce, 14, 113–15, 246

  and 1973 London bombs, 126

  and 1978–79 IRA revival, 171, 176–78

  and 1987 cease-fire offer, 262, 269, 272, 283, 325

  and Northern Bank robbery, 546–48, 556–57

  as Northern commander, 173

  and pan-nationalism, 238, 300, 324, 336–37, 435

  popularity In South, 529–30, 565

  reactivation of Revolutionary Council, 343–45

  and Redemptorist confraternities, 229–30

  regains West Belfast seat (1997), 458

  and Reid initiative, 228, 231, 238–41, 245, 247–60


  rejects Marxism, 187–88

  release from Long Kesh (1977), 149, 161–63

  and reprisal killings, 321–22

  and rivals in IRA, 241–45

  secret talks with British, 246–60

  shift to the left (1970s), 184–89, 270–71

  and Sinn Fein leadership, 184–90, 203

  and Sinn Fein/SDLP talks, 278–79, 300

  takeover of IRA leadership, 164–72, 176–82

  and “Tet offensive,” 32

  and think tank, 401–5, 409, 416, 418, 422–23

  and “the unknowns,” 122, 156

  and unionist consent, 267, 272

  U.S. fund-raising, 460, 555

  U.S. visits:

  1992, 391, 420–22

  1995, 437

  2005, 555

  and women’s issues, 204

  Adams, Gerry (grandfather), 38

  Adams, Gerry, Sr. (father), 38, 40–41, 44, 99, 197

  Adams, Margaret, 87

  Adams, Patrick, 38

  Aga Khan, 242

  Agate, Jeffrey, 185

  Agnew, Kevin, 195

  Agnew, Paddy, 212

  Ahern, Bertie, 278, 472, 482, 553, 564, 586, 592

  and decommissioning, xiv, 461, 464, 491, 494, 496, 502–5, 509, 518, 522, 528, 532, 539, 541, 543, 554–55, 585

  cease-fire proposal to IRA, 463–65, 485

  and Northern Bank robbery, 544–47

  taoiseach, 286, 435, 458, 462

  Ahern, Dermot, 279

  Ahtisaari, Martti, 503

  Aiken, Frank, 498

  Aldershot, 111

  Allen, Jack, 281

  Alliance Party, 139, 281, 521

  Allibrandi, Archbishop Gaetano, 236–37

  Allister, Jim, 541

  Al Qaeda, 347, 491, 497, 504, 521

  American Ireland Fund, 554

  ANC (African National Congress), 487, 572

  Anderson, Martina, 483

  Andersonstown, see Belfast: Andersonstown

  Andersonstown News, 584

  Andersonstown News Group, 584

  Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985) (Hillsborough pact), 241, 249, 257, 267–68, 273

  Anglo-Irish war (1919–21), 37, 43, 105

  An Phoblacht, 178–80, 187, 335

  An Phoblacht–Republican News (AP-RN), 183, 188, 292, 311, 370

  and armed struggle, 177, 216, 223, 297, 319, 429

  launch, 180

  Apprentice Boys of Derry, 65, 355

  Ara Coeli (House of Heaven), 233

  Arafat, Yasser, 554

  Ardoyne, see Belfast: Ardoyne

 

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