A Secret History of the IRA
Page 97
betrayal of, 3–6, 24–34, 250, 326, 332, 340, 489, 556
cancelled 1987 trip, 31
impact of loss, 326–29, 333–34, 460
and “Tet offensive,” 274, 281, 306, 434
elections:
1918 Irish general election, 198
1955 British general election, 50, 198
1957 Irish general election, 198
1969 British by-election, 65
1969 Northern Ireland Assembly, 65
1970 British general election, 89
1973 Northern Ireland Sunningdale Assembly, 128, 199
1973 Northern Ireland local council, 128
1975 Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention, 200
1979 European parliament, 200
1981 Fermanagh-South Tyrone by-election, 210–14
1981 Irish general election, 202, 212, 290–91
1982 Irish general election, 291
1982 Northern Ireland Assembly, 219
1983 British general election, 240
1984 European parliament, 240
1985 Northern Ireland local council, 241
1986 British by-election, 241
1987 British general election, 241
1987 Irish general election, 340
1989 Irish general election, 340
1991 Irish local council, 340
1992 British general election, 340
1993 Northern Ireland local council, 417
1993 Northern Ireland local council by-election, 417
1996 Northern Ireland Forum, 442, 457
1997 British general election, 457–58, 495–96, 528
1997 Irish general election, 458
1997 Northern Ireland local council, 458
2002 Irish general election, 529–30
2003 Northern Ireland Assembly, 530, 532, 534–35, 540–41
2004 European parliament, 541
2005 British general election, 558, 563–64
2007 Northern Ireland Assembly, 591
2007 Irish general election, 564
Eleven Plus test, 45–46
Elizabeth I, 39
Elizabeth II, 53, 133, 175
Elliott, Mark, 258, 284
engineering department (Provisional IRA), 329, 377–78
England department (Provisional IRA), 31, 336–37, 346, 442–43
Enniskillen bomb (1987), see Provisional
IRA: operations, Enniskillen
ETA, 511, 585
European Commission on Human Rights, 206
European Court of Human Rights, 102
European department (Provisional IRA), 336–37, 346
Falls Road, see Belfast: Falls Road
Falls Road curfew, 90–92
FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), 486–87, 490, 511–12
Farrell, Mairead, 330, 526
Farren, Neil (bishop of Derry), 354
Farren, Sean, 278
Faul, Father Denis, 213–14, 227
Faulkner, Brian, 98–100, 110, 139
Fay, Michael, 224
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 509, 581
Feakle meeting, 143, 165–66, 177
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 16, 32
federalism vs. unitary state debate, see Eire Nua
Feeney, Charles “Chuck,” 421, 460
Feeney, Hugh, 170, 582
Felons Club, 197
Fenian Brotherhood, 309
Fenian movement, 38
Fenton, Joe, see informers/security breaches (Provisional IRA): Fenton, Joe
Ferris, Martin, 453, 479, 517, 529, 544, 583
Fianna Fail, 40, 47, 239, 261, 324, 462, 496, 498, 519
elections, 212, 226, 458, 495, 529
and Irish reunification, 263–64
and pan-nationalism, 270, 273, 435
and peace process, 280, 395
and unionist consent, 408–9
see also Ahern, Bertie; de Valera, Eamonn; Haughey, Charles; Lynch, Jack; Mansergh, Martin; Reynolds, Albert
Financial Times, 487
Fine Gael, 212, 266, 435, 495
see also Bruton, John; FitzGerald, Garret
Finucane, Dermot, 577
Finucane, John, 577
Finucane, Pat, 577–78
Finucane, Seamus, 577
First Battalion (Provisional IRA), 87
First Dail, 154, 287
Fitt, Gerry, 64, 211, 354, 361
FitzGerald, Garret, 242, 249, 268, 291, 325, 435
and Anglo-Irish Agreement, 241, 273
isolating Provisionals, 233–34
5 October 1968 march (Derry), 63–64, 352, 354
Flanagan, Ronnie Sir, 510, 523, 572–73
Flannery, Michael, 16, 188
Fleming, Kieran, 313–14
Fletcher, WPC Yvonne, 13, 15, 24
flying column, 312–14, 333–34
Flynn, Bill, 231, 421, 489–90
Flynn, Phil, 545
Force Research Unit, see British intelligence: Force Research Unit
Foreign Office, the (British), 256–57
Foreign Policy Studies, 491
Forum for Peace and Reconciliation, 277, 425, 433
Four Square Laundry, see Provisional IRA:
operations, Four Square Laundry
Fox, Bernard, 81, 583–84
Fox, Charlie, 307
Fox, J. Edward, 24
Fox, Tess, 307
Freeland, Lieutenant General Sir Ian, 89
Free Presbyterian Church, xiii, 590
Friends of Ireland, 554
Friends of Sinn Fein (FoSF), 460, 582
Galvin, Martin, 421, 581–82
Garda Siochana (Irish police), 16, 50, 101, 159, 172, 242, 262, 325
arms seizures, 24, 32, 171, 387, 389
Northern Bank robbery, 544–45
Special Branch, 5, 161, 330, 388, 462, 515, 520
Garland, Sean, 59, 71
Garvaghy Road, see Drumcree protests
General Army Orders, 75, 293
George, Lloyd, 37, 498
George IV, 287
gerrymandering, 353
GHQ (Provisional IRA), 297, 338, 343, 431, 438, 445, 449, 462, 468, 486
and operations, 305, 331, 333, 346, 443
structure, 376–77
Gibney, Jim, 300, 324, 399–402, 404, 418
Gibraltar, see Provisional IRA: operations, Gibraltar
Gibson, Ned, 319
Gillen, Brian, 446, 454, 471
as Belfast commander, 439–40, 449, 459
and 1997 convention, 477–79, 517
Gillespie, Neil, 357
Gillespie, Patsy, 347
Gilmore, George, 57
Glover, Brigadier James, 173–74
Godson, Dean, 501, 510, 521
Good Friday Agreement (1998), 251, 259, 272, 296, 402, 481–89
and decommissioning, 494–97, 500–1, 503–50, 520
power-sharing Executive, 587–91
suspension 2002, 525, 585
Good, Reverend Harold, 60, 62
Gormley, Tony, 307
Gough barracks, see Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC): interrogation centers
Goulding, Cahal, 96, 136–37, 184, 189, 203, 266, 291, 295, 301–3
and abstentionism, 71–72, 288–89
and August 1969, 68, 70
as chief of staff (1962), 51
and IRA split (1969), 198, 293, 505–506
and MacStiofain opposition, 74–77, 79–80
and move to the left, 54, 56–60
Government of Ireland Act (1920), 254, 271, 273, 276, 470, 484
Gow, Ian, 336
Graham, Edgar, 243, 317
Grand Hotel, 247
“gray document,” the, 186–89 “Green Book,” the, 154–57
Green Party, 588
Grew, Dessie, 313–14, 318
Greysteel, 415
GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction), 352, 367, 371
Guardian, 570
Haas, Richard, 491, 532, 554
Hagans, Bridgeen, 549–50, 553
Hain, Peter, 503, 589
Hamas, 347, 585
Hanna, David, 341–42
Hanna, Maureen, 341–42
Hanna, Robert, 341–42
Hannaway, Alfie, 38, 109, 230–31
Hannaway, Billy, 38
Hannaway, Kevin, 17, 71, 109, 157, 384
Hannaway, Liam, 38, 60, 68, 109
Hannaway, Michael, 38
Hannaway, Tommy, 38
Harland and Wolff, 44
Harney, Mary, 558
Harrison, George, 16–17
Harte, Gerard, 316, 318
Harte, Martin, 316, 318
Hartley, Tom, 278, 299–300, 402, 437
Haughey, Charles, 274, 285, 300, 303, 399, 463
background, 264–66
and peace process, xv, 261, 263, 267–69, 286
Reid-Adams contacts, 262–63, 269–78, 280–84, 289, 297, 395
Haughey, Sean, 264
Hayes, Stephen, 159
H Blocks (Long Kesh prison), 145, 201, 205
see also Cage 11, Long Kesh; hunger strikes; prison protests
Heath, Edward, 89, 111
Heatherington, Vincent, see informers/security breaches (Provisional IRA): Heatherington, Vincent
Heathrow Airport mortars, see Provisional IRA: operations, Heathrow Airport mortars
Heffernan, Margaret, 263
Hegarty, Frank, see informers/security breaches (Provisional IRA): Hegarty, Frank
Hendron, Joe, 339
Henry, Harry, 314, 319
Henry, Henry (bishop of Down and Connor), 229
Heron, Hugh, 311
Heseltine, Michael, 249
Hezbollah, 580
Hibernia (Dublin), 187–88
Hibernian tendency, 308
Hickey, Eileen, 121
Hillery, Patrick, 110
Hillsborough agreement, see Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985)
Hillsborough Castle, 502, 531
Holland, Jack, 333
Holland, Mary, 337, 396
Home Rule, 42
Hope Against History, 333
Hopkins, Adrian, 5, 18–19, 23, 25–27, 32–33
House of Commons, 171, 211, 288
Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 331–32
Howell, Ted, 401–2, 404, 420–21, 460, 581
Hoyt, William, 548
Hughes, Brendan, 81, 106–7, 121, 139–41, 227
arms smuggling, 114–15
arrests, 133, 139, 146
in Cage 11, 148–49, 157, 170
hunger strike, 206–8, 228, 260
Hughes, Brendan (Tyrone), 385
Hughes, Charlie, 97, 106
Hughes, Francis (Frank), 383, 568
human bombs, 347–50, 556
Hume, John, xiii, xxi, 110, 128, 211, 232, 238, 241, 248, 255, 264, 300, 357, 361–62, 389, 405, 415, 417
and Adams visa, 420
European elections, 202, 240, 563
and Good Friday Agreement, 483
Hume-Adams document, 410, 416
Hume-Adams process, 277–83, 285, 408
and Major-Adams negotiations, 455
Nobel Peace Prize, xxi, 278
and October 1968 march, 354
and pan-nationalist alliance, 393, 435
quits politics, 541
see also Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP)
Hume-Adams document, 409–11, 416
Hume-Adams process, 277–83, 285, 408–9, 413–14, 441
hunger strikes:
1972, 118, 167, 213
1980, 190, 206–8, 228
1981, 12, 190, 208–10, 213–16, 290, 540, 558, 566–72
Hurson, Martin, 308, 569
Hyde, Representative Henry, 511
IICD (Independent International Commission on Decommissioning), 500–501, 503–4, 516, 560–62
Independent (London), 371
Independent Monitoring Commision, 546
Independent Orange Order, 590
informers/security breaches (Provisional IRA), 156
and Belfast Brigade, 336
Crumlin prison escape, 333
Davison, Brendan “Ruby,” 335, 575
Donaldson, Denis, 524, 579–80, 582–84
and the Eksund, 3–6, 24–34, 250, 326, 332, 340, 489
and European department, 336
Fenton, Joe, 28–31, 335
and Gibraltar, 332
Heatherington, Vincent, 141, 146
Hegarty, Frank, 25, 387–89
and internal security department, 156, 574–76
and IRA structures, 317–18, 332–34
and London bomb, 128
and Loughgall, 305–6, 315
Lynch, Sandy, 334, 336, 384
Magee, John Joe, 575–76
Mahon, Catherine and Gerald, 29
McKee, Kevin, 119–22
MI5 agent in IRA Executive/Southern Command/Sinn Fein, 28
Molloy, Eamonn, 133–36, 138–41, 146, 162
Morgan, Seamus, 582
and Northern Command, 336
O’Callaghan, Sean, 16, 381, 517
Roslea attack, 334
Scappaticcl, Freddie, 574–78, 582
and Tyrone Brigade, 336
Wright, Seamus, 119–22
Ingram, Martin, 576, 578
internal security department, see Provisional IRA: security unit (internal security unit)
International Marxist Group, 186
internment (1971), 98, 100–101, 103, 176–77, 361
Interpol, 330
In Which We Serve, 175
IRA (pre-1969 split):
and abstentionism, 58–60
in August 1969, 7, 67–68, 70
Border Campaign (1956–62), 50–52, 56, 60, 498
and Irish civil war, 50
Forties Campaign, 48–52
and the Irish state, 48–49
and military defeats, 46–47
1940–50s, 38–39, 41–42
1960s, 7, 54–56, 60–64
1969 split, 71–72, 76–77, 495, 505
see also Goulding, Cahal
Iraq war, 531
Iris Bheag, 137, 298–300, 302
Irish civil war, 40, 47, 50, 287, 498
Irish Examiner, 565
Irish government, 233–34, 265, 423–25, 436–37, 473, 484–85
Department of Foreign Affairs, 520
Department of Justice, 544
see also Ahem, Bertie; de Valera, Eamonn; FitzGerald, Garret; Haughey, Charles; Lynch, Jack; Reynolds, Albert
Irish Independence Party, 202
Irish Independent, 584
Irish National Caucus, 300
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), 12, 176, 205–6, 223–25, 314–15, 323, 505, 507–8
Irish News (Belfast), 222–23, 398, 457, 584
Irish Northern Aid (Noraid), 16, 188, 209, 309, 402, 421–22, 460–61, 581–82
Irish People, 581
Irish Press (Dublin), 233, 268–69, 396, 584
Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), 149, 198, 309–10
Irish Republican Socialist Party, 202
Irish Times (Dublin), 195, 209, 279, 341, 419, 421, 491, 560, 564, 584
Adams interviews and articles, 257, 396, 400, 456
Irish Volunteers, 309
Irish Workers Party, 59
Islamic jihadists, 497, 580
Jalloud, Major Ahmed, 24
John XXIII, 52
John Paul II, 237
Johnson, John Francis, 512
Johnson, Richard, 33
Johnston, Gillian, 341
Johnston, Roy, 56–57, 68, 75, 77, 185
political program, 57–59
Johnston, Colonel Wedgeworth, 287
Jones, Daffyd, 213
Kearney, Claran, 524, 579
Kearney, Declan, 579
Kearney, Michael, 155–56
Keenan, Brian, 136–38, 1
62, 488
on Army Council, 164–65, 479, 517, 583–84 and Colombia, 511–13
and electoral strategy, 215–16, 292
and IICD, 503–4, 522, 533, 559
and 1996 convention, 446, 453
and 1997 cease-fire, 470–71
and reorganization plans, 158–59
Keenan, Brian (hostage), 580
Keenan, Sean, 60, 357
Kelley, Kevin, 170
Kelly, Billy, 60, 70
Kelly, Eugene, 307
Kelly, Gerry, 126, 381, 458, 470, 475, 547, 588
and Adams think tank, 403, 405, 418
on Army Council, 381, 384
and 1994–96 cease-fire, 422, 424, 426, 439
and 1996 convention, 448, 452–53
and 1999 convention, 520
Kelly, HMS, 74
Kelly, Captain James, 265–66
Kelly, John, 60, 70, 265–66, 510
Kelly, Liam, 310
Kelly, Patrick (Paddy), 307, 312, 315
Kennedy, John F., 52, 350
Kennedy, Senator Ted, 553
Kennedy-Smith, Jean, 427
Kerr, Frank, 433–34, 499–500
Kevin Street, 199
Khrushchev, Nikita, 350
Kilmichael, 176
King, Congressman Peter, 554
King, Tom, 246, 248–52, 255–60, 277, 394, 579
King, William, 358–59
Kingsmills massacre, see Provisional IRA: operations, Kingsmills massacre
King’s Own Scottish Borderers, 333–34
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 420
Kissinger, Henry, 234, 420
Kula, 19, 24, 387
Labour Party (British), 44, 57, 457, 461, 496
Labour Party (Irish), 212, 266, 412, 435
Labour Party (Northern Ireland), 54
Lafferty, Eamonn, 361
Lake, Anthony, 490
La Mon Hotel, see Provisional IRA: operations, La Mon
Lampen, Diana, 364–67, 370–71
Lampen, John, 364–67, 370–71
Laneside, 144, 258
Larry King Live show, 420
Law, Bernard (cardinal of Boston), 237
Lean, Robert “Beano,” 243
Leinster House (the Dail), 58, 201, 288, 295
Lemass, Sean, 54, 58, 62, 261, 265
Lenadoon, see Belfast: Lenadoon
Leng, Brigadier Peter, 358
Libya, 152–53
arms shipments to IRA, 3–4, 9–10, 15, 17, 19–20, 23–24, 138, 326, 536, 561
cash to IRA, 9–10, 13, 15, 23, 460
history, 6–8
Libyan Intelligence Service, 9, 14, 17, 23, 328
and the West, 13–14
see also Qaddafi, Colonel Muammar
Light Infantry, 67
Liguori, Alphonsus, 228
Lisnaskea, see Provisional IRA: operations, Lisnaskea school bus bomb
Logue, Gerard, 301
London bombs, see Provisional IRA:
operations, London bombs
Long, Des, 294
“long war” doctrine, see Provisional IRA: Cage 11 reorganization, “long war” doctrine
Long Kesh prison, 109, 133–34, 140, 203, 306, 313