Last Days of the Romanovs: Tragedy at Ekaterinburg

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Last Days of the Romanovs: Tragedy at Ekaterinburg Page 35

by Helen Rappaport


  Alexandra, Queen Mother 154, 210

  Alexey, Tsarevich, as haemophiliac 2, 14, 23, 26, 88–92; shares parents’ room 18; birth of 59, 87–8; looks and character of 89, 90, 92; musicality of 91; given massage and electrotherapy 92–3; recovers from near-death attack of haemophilia 93–4; journey to Ekaterinburg 94–5; activities circumscribed by Yurovsky 95; has first bath in nine weeks 144, 158, see also Romanov family

  Alexey Mikhailovich, Tsar 88

  Alfonso, King of Spain 153, 211

  Alice, Princess of Hesse 61, 63

  All-Russia Conference of Tourism (2007) 222

  Alley, Stephen 154

  Allied Intervention Force 214

  anarchists 115

  Anastasia, Grand Duchess, birth of 82; looks and character of 82–3; and ’Anna Anderson’ claims 218, see also Romanov family

  Anderson, Anna 218

  Andreev, Nikolay 69

  Anthony, Metropolitan of St Petersburg 88

  Archangel 71, 121, 135, 214

  Ardatov, Ensign 103

  Arkhipov, Dr Kensorin 15, 105, 168

  Armistead, Henry 154

  Asquith, Mrs 210

  Avdeev, Aleksandr 12, 16, 19–20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 33, 34, 41, 42, 55, 86, 87, 95, 100, 102, 119, 120, 122, 124, 125, 132, 140, 160, 180

  Avdonin, Aleksandr 219–20, 221

  Badmaev, P.A. 55

  Baku 32

  Balfour, Arthur 150, 151, 153, 200

  Baltic/s 40, 116

  Barbara, Sister 213

  Battenburg, Admiral Prince Louis 152

  Battenburg, Princess Victoria 153

  Belinsky, Vissarion 135

  Beloborodov, Aleksandr 10, 12, 20, 28, 29, 30, 41, 97, 125, 129, 130, 131, 138, 140, 157, 168, 175, 177, 181, 200, 201, 206, 208, 215

  Belorussia 40

  Benckendorff, Count (Pavel Konstantinovich) 27, 67

  Benedict XV, Pope 211

  Berlin 32, 121, 218

  Bernstein, Herman 45, 106–7, 112, 133, 145, 146, 217

  Berzin, Reinhold 29

  Bethman, Theodor von 155

  Bialoveza (Poland) 93

  Black Sea 145

  Blavatsky, Madame Helena 121

  Bloody Sunday (1905) 52

  Blyumkin, Yakov 69

  Bochkareva, Lieutenant Colonel Mariya 108–11, 214

  Bochkareva, Nadya 110–11

  Bolshevik Party 17, 32

  Bolsheviks 8, 9, 16, 20, 28, 33, 34, 35–7, 40–2, 44, 55, 56, 68, 69, 70, 86, 97, 102, 104, 109–10, 115, 123, 125, 133, 138, 140, 142, 144, 155, 156, 163, 177, 206, 210–12, 213

  Botkin, Alexander (‘Sasha’) 98, 101, 105, 182

  Botkin, Dr Evgeny Sergeevich 9, 12, 13, 19, 26, 31, 60, 92, 95, 98–101, 102, 105, 123, 128, 159, 161, 162, 173, 180, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 192, 194, 218

  Botkin, Gleb 100

  Botkin, Dr Sergey (father of Evgeny) 99

  Botkin, Sergey (son of Evgeny) 101

  Botkin, Tatyana 100

  Botkin, Yuri 98

  Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (3 March 1918) 40, 56, 69, 131, 136, 141, 154, 155

  Brezhnev, Leonid 219

  ‘Brotherhood of St John of Tobolsk’ 121

  Buchanan, Sir George 54, 147–8, 149, 151

  Buchanan, Meriel 151

  Buimirov, Deacon Vasily 160, 161, 162, 163

  Bulygin, Captain Paul 121–2

  Buxhoeveden, Baroness Sophie von 34, 78, 84, 214

  Catherine the Great 134, 136

  Caucasus 32, 40, 136

  Central Executive Committee (CEC) 104, 125, 130, 131, 134, 137, 138, 139, 142, 178–9, 206, 215

  Chaliapin, Fedor I. 4, 56

  Charles I 141

  Cheka (secret police) 10, 30, 38, 69, 71, 104, 115, 117, 121, 122, 126, 131, 135, 140, 176; Ekaterinburg 12, 27, 34, 86, 96, 97, 121, 126, 129, 131, 142, 154, 157, 168, 170, 175, 178, 183, 195, 204, 216; ’Letts’ 181–2, 187; Petrograd 213; Moscow city 215, 216; Ural 216

  Chekhov, Anton 2, 3–4, 12, 84, 129

  Chelyabinsk 9, 41, 96, 182

  Chemodurov, Terenty (valet) 12, 13, 19, 99, 102

  Chicago Tribune 218

  Chicherin, Georgy 39, 218

  Chrezvychainaya Komissiya (secret police) see Cheka

  Christian, King of Denmark 154, 211

  Chutskaev, Sergey 12, 35, 129, 201

  Coburg 154

  ‘Committee for Examination of the Question of Windows in the House of Special Purpose’ 16

  Communist Party 39–40, 214, 215; 7th Congress 131

  Congress of Soviets, 5th (July 1918) 56–7, 69

  Constanta 79

  Constitution of the Russian Federated Soviet Republic 114

  Constitutionalists 40

  Copenhagen 39, 44

  Cossacks 52, 87

  Council of People’s Commissars 70, 135, 137, 142, 157, 208

  Crimea 19, 76, 117, 211

  Cromwell, Oliver 141

  Czechs 37–8, 41, 42, 70, 71, 72, 96, 103, 108, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 132, 143, 144, 145, 156, 164, 167, 168, 178, 182, 185, 201, 210, 211

  Daily Express 218

  Daily Mail 209

  Daily Telegraph 209

  Decembrist revolt (1825) 136

  Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploited People (1918) 114–15

  Dedyukhina, Fekla 129

  Dehn, Lili 64

  Demidova, Anna (maid) 12, 19, 25, 101, 185, 191

  Derevenko, Andrey 90

  Derevenko, Dr Vladimir 23, 25, 31, 93, 95, 100, 120, 121, 163

  Didkovsky, Boris 12, 29, 130, 215

  Dimitry, Grand Duke 79, 211, 213

  Diterikhs, General Mikhail 142, 212

  Dobrynin, Konstantin 86

  Dolgorukov, Prince Vasily 9, 13, 34, 102, 117, 121, 125, 140

  Don river 3

  Don valley 145

  Dostoevsky, Fedor 49

  Dr Zhivago (1965 film) 8

  Dryagina, Varvara 171

  Duma 116

  Duncan, Isadora 218

  Dutov, Aleksandr 17, 86, 131

  Dyachenko, Grigory 128

  Dzerzhinsky, Feliks 39, 130, 136

  Eastern Siberia 41

  Edward, Duke of Clarence 58, 62

  Ekaterinburg 2–4, 5, 218–23, 222; Amerikanskaya Hotel 3–4, 9–10, 34, 129–30, 132, 143, 168, 170, 175, 178, 179, 181, 183, 195, 202, 204, 221; Rastorguev-Kharitonov House 4, 15; Ipatiev House 9, 12, 14–17, 18, 23–7, 54, 55, 212, 219; Voznesensky Cathedral 15, 17, 103, 165; Popov House 17, 18–21, 87, 171, 174, 180, 182, 196; Commercial Assembly House 24; Novo-Tikhvinsky Convent 24, 119, 120, 122, 123, 170; Ekaterininsky Cathedral 159, 160, 219; Iset Pond 167; Church on the Blood 220, 222–3; Institute of History & Archaeology 220; Military Historical Club 220, see also Romanov family

  Ekaterinburg Soviet 13, 15, 24, 33

  Elizabeth ’Ella’, Grand Duchess 14, 23, 62, 63, 156, 213

  Engels, Friedrich 135

  Enisei, River 154

  Ermakov, Petr 97, 127, 144, 167–8, 170–1, 177, 181, 182, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 201, 204, 206, 215–16

  Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse 66, 154, 155

  Ezhov, Nikolay 215

  Fabergé, Karl 3

  Fadeev (mining engineer) 38

  Far East 50

  February Revolution (1917) 111

  Fesenko, Ivan 126–7

  Finland 145

  First World War 6, 9, 38–9, 40, 54, 70–1, 76, 96, 98, 103, 107, 113, 128, 132, 147, 150, 157, 167, 209

  Fischer, Dr 60

  Fotieva, Lidiya 134

  Four Brothers mine 168, 197–200, 201–2, 203–4, 221

  Francis, David 107–8

  Francis, Richard 56–7

  Franco-Prussian War (1870–1) 67

  Gaida, General Rudolf 212

  Ganina Yama 126, 197–200, 201–2, 203–4, 208, 218, 220, 221–3 see also Four Brothers mine

  Gatchina 49

  Geneva 125

  Geneva Convention (1949) 1
57

  George, Duke of Leuchtenberg 121

  George V 33, 38–9, 44, 58–9, 110, 147, 148, 148–54, 155, 210

  Georgy, Grand Duke 211, 213

  Gerhardie, William 145

  Germans, Germany 68–9, 145, 146, 148, 154–6, 211

  Gibbes, Charles Sidney 22, 23, 34, 100, 164, 196

  Gilliard, Pierre 23, 34, 90, 92, 100

  Golitsyn, Princess Maria 87

  Goloshchekin, Filipp 10, 12, 29, 30, 41, 97, 105, 122, 129, 130–1, 132–4, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 168, 178, 179, 181, 188, 195, 200, 201, 203, 206, 208, 215

  Gorbachev, Mikhail 220

  Gorbunov, Nikolay 201

  Gorno-Uralsk railway 197

  Graphic 209

  Great Siberian Highway 2

  Halliburton, Richard 215

  Harriman, Florence 109

  Heath, Charles 51

  Hegel, G.W.F. 135

  Helena, Princess of Serbia 34, 125, 210

  Hélène of Orleans, Princess 62

  Hermogen, Bishop of Tobolsk 121

  Holman Brothers Ltd 34

  House, Colonel Edward 106, 157

  Hubbard Candle Works 4

  Hudson’s Bay Company 153–4

  India 50

  Ipatiev, Nikolay 9, 15

  Irkutsk 41, 96, 108

  Iset Pond 126, 176, 182, 195

  Iset River 15, 159

  Ivan the Terrible 51, 165

  Izvestiya 38, 157, 206, 208

  Japan 50, 87, 88, 89

  Jimmy (Pekinese dog) 83, 185, 195

  Jodiches, Leo 211

  Joy (King Charles spaniel) 13, 91, 185, 207, 214

  Kabanov, Alexey 86, 87, 187, 193

  Kabanov, Mikhail 86, 176

  Kainsk 31

  Kaluga 115

  Kamchatka 3

  Kamenev, Lev 104, 131

  Kappel, Lieutenant 121

  Karamzin (historian) 48

  Karol, Crown Prince of Romania 79

  Kazan 122, 222

  Kerensky, Aleksandr 7, 8, 39, 100, 109, 148, 152

  Kharitonov, Ivan (cook) 13, 19, 24, 25, 101, 185, 186, 189

  Kiev 121

  King George’s Fund for Sailors 147

  Kochubey, Prince 121

  Kolchak, Admiral Aleksandr 9, 41, 212, 214

  Kolomna 136

  Konstantin, Grand Duke 55, 156

  Konstantinovich, Prince Igor 14

  Konstantinovich, Prince Ioann 14, 34

  Konstantinovich, Prince Konstantin 14

  Koptyaki Forest 126, 157, 177, 188, 196, 202, 203, 203–6, 219–20, 221

  Koptyaki village 126, 127, 198

  Kotelnich 121

  Krasnoyarsk 214

  Kronstadt 7, 35

  Kschessinska, Mathilde 50

  Kudrin, Mikhail 181, 185, 187, 189, 195, 216

  Kuntsevo 168, 177

  Kursk 115

  Kusvinsky works 38, 203

  Lacher, Rudolf 87

  Lake Baikal 96

  Lampson, Oliver Locker 121

  Latvian Rifle Brigade 69

  League of Nations 108, 157

  League for the Restoration of the Russian Empire 156

  Lean, David 8

  Left Socialist Revolutionaries 56, 69, 70, 71, 96, 104, 115, 132, 135, 140

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 8, 10, 13, 29, 39, 40, 41, 56, 68, 70, 97, 104, 107, 114, 116, 126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134–9, 141–2, 145, 156, 157, 166, 168–9, 177, 178, 179, 201, 206, 213, 218

  Lepa, Adolf 86, 182

  Lermontov, Mikhail 136

  Letemin, Mikhail 177, 214

  Levine, Isaac Don 110

  Lied, Jonas 154

  Lisitsyn, Aleksandr 195, 200

  Livadia 65, 76, 84

  Lloyd George, David 151–2

  Lockhart, Bruce 112, 153

  Lukoyanov, Fedor 129

  Lunacharsky, Anatoly 104

  Lytton, Lady Edith 62

  Lyubinskaya 11

  Lyukhanov, Sergey (chauffeur) 180, 183, 184, 197, 204, 205

  McCullagh, Francis 216

  Makronosoev (manager of Sysert works) 38

  Malinovsky, Captain Dmitri 122, 212

  Malyshev, Ivan 38, 157

  Manchuria 88

  Mangold, Tom 153

  Maria, Grand Duchess, arrival at Ekaterinburg 156, birth of 80; comments on living conditions 18, 22; looks and character of 30, 80–2; male admirers of 81–2; succumbs to near-fatal pneumonia 148, see also Romanov family

  Maria Fedorovna, Dowager Empress 48, 80, 154, 211

  Marx, Karl 135

  Mary, Queen 39, 58–9, 150, 151, 153, 210, 211

  Masaryk, Tomas 107

  Matveev, Pavel, political commissar 122

  May (sister of Alexandra) 61

  Medvedev, Pavel 171, 174, 178, 180, 181, 187, 189, 196, 207, 214

  Meledin, Father Anatoly 159–60

  Mendeleev, Dmitri 129

  Mensheviks 40, 115, 135

  Migich, Major 125

  Mikhail, Grand Duke 38, 68

  Military Academy 122

  Milyukov, Pavel 148

  Mirbach, Count Wilhelm von 39, 56, 68, 69, 70, 140, 155, 156

  Mogilev 66, 94, 99, 121, 147

  Morozova, Praskovya 129

  Moscow 10, 11, 29, 39, 41, 45, 56, 64, 68, 69, 97, 105, 108, 112, 130, 133, 138, 142, 145, 153, 157, 178–9, 182, 195, 200, 213; Art Theatre 4; Kremlin 8, 10, 39, 69, 70, 105, 113, 134, 177, 179; Bolshoy Theatre 56, 114; Uspensky Cathedral 113; Lyubyanka prison 215; Kremlin Hospital 216; Museum of Revolution 216

  Moshkin, Aleksandr (guard) 20, 28, 30

  Mosolov, Count Aleksandr 75, 121

  Murmansk (Port Romanov) 39, 71, 108, 145, 148, 153–4

  Murom 70

  Myasnikov, Gabriel 97

  Nadezhdinsky factory 130

  Nagorny, Klementy (servant) 19, 23, 90, 94, 102, 157

  Nametkin, Aleksandr 212

  Narym 105

  National Centre group 121

  National Tidende (Denmark) 177

  Nechaev, Sergey 136–7

  Netrebin, Viktor 86, 185, 186, 187

  Neva, River 112

  New York Herald 106, 133, 217

  New York Times 209, 217

  News of the Ural Regional Soviet of Workers’, Peasants’ and Soldiers’ Deputies 36

  Nicholas II, sent to Ekaterinburg 1, 5; character of 5, 48, 54–5; domesticity of 5–6, 53; abdication of 6–7, 53, 54–5; as voracious reader 24, 71, 103; spiritual and mental decline 46–8, 55; upbringing 48–50; joins Preobrazhensky Guards 49–50; becomes tsar 50; coping strategies 50–1, 54–5, 102–3; and dread of assassination 51–2; marriage 51, 58, 62–3, 65–6; alienation from his people 52–3; known as ’Nicholas the Bloody’ 52; dependence on tobacco 54; health of 55; Queen Victoria’s affection for 63; and mobilisation for war 112–14; keeps a diary 129, 157–8

  Nikolay, Grand Duke 6, 54, 66, 211, 213

  Nikulin, Grigory 30, 33, 46, 117, 129, 140, 161, 175, 177, 181, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192, 195, 200, 216

  Nizhe-Tagil works 167

  Nizhni-Novgorod 115

  Nizhni-Tagil 126

  NKVD (secret police) 215, 216

  Novo-Tikhvinsky Convent 54

  Novosibirsk 31

  Occleshaw, Michael 153

  October Manifesto (1905) 133

  October Revolution (1917) 5, 32, 68, 94, 97, 114, 116, 125, 135, 137, 140

  Odessa 120

  Okhrana (Russian secret police) 130

  Olga, Grand Duchess 50, 75, 82, 83, 166, 211; looks and character of 77–8; as emotionally and sexually innocent 78; and problem of marriage 78–9; becomes Red Cross nurse 83, see also Romanov family

  Omsk 1, 38, 41, 136, 139, 214

  Omsk Regional Court 212

  Oranienbaum 209

  Ortipo (dog) 185

  Ostrovsky, Aleksandr 167

  Oudendyk, William J. 208

  Paget, Lady Muriel 107

  Paléologue, Maurice 62, 113, 151, 165

&
nbsp; Paley, Prince Vladimir Pavlovich 14

  Pankhurst, Mrs Emmeline 107, 109

  Pankratov, Vasily 81

  Paris 39, 130

  Patterson, Lieutenant 164

  Pavel, Grand Duke 211, 213

  Pavlushin, 202

  People’s Commissars 206

  Perm 29, 85, 97, 121, 126, 131, 157, 174, 179, 214

  Peter the Great 3, 51

  Petrograd 6, 15, 34, 35, 53, 54, 69, 107, 121, 122, 137, 145, 151, 154, 179, 208; Smolny Institute 178; Peter and Paul Fortress 211, see also St Petersburg

  Petrograd Soviet 152

  Petrovsky, Grigory 115

  Pisarev, Dimitri 135

  Plekhanov, Georgy 135

  Pobedonostsev, Konstantin 49

  Poland 40

  Politiken (Sweden) 44

  Porosenkov Log (Pig’s Meadow) 205–6

  Powers, Gary 219

  Pozner, (chemist) 128

  Preobrazhensky Guards 49

  Preston, Thomas 33–5, 38, 39, 103, 105, 125, 131, 154, 180, 200, 211, 212

  Proskuryakov, Filipp 178

  Pushkin, Aleksandr 136

  Radishchev, Aleksandr 136

  Radziwill, Princess Catherine 45

  Rasputin, Grigory 6, 52, 53, 66, 91, 93, 114, 121, 199

  Rasputin, Mariya 120

  Red Army 9, 17, 41, 103, 122, 123, 126, 128, 129, 137, 143, 144, 174, 178, 213, 215, 219

  Red Guards 144

  Red Urals 10

  Redikortsev, Andrey 15

  Riezler, Dr Kurt 156, 210

  Robien, Louis de 208

  Robinson, Geoffrey 116

  Rodzianko, Colonel Paul 214

  Rodzinsky, Isay 125, 129, 203

  Romanov family, taken to Tobolsk 7–8; travel to and arrival at Ekaterinburg 9, 10–14; living conditions in the Ipatiev House 16–27, 42, 46; local interest in 26–7; change of commandant for 28, 30–1; and development of prisoner-jailer bonds 29–30; jewellery belonging to 31; and removal of symbols of tsarist system 36; unaware of outside political and social conflicts 36–8, 39–42; British attitude towards 38, 146–54; outside indifference to 68–9; daughters’ education and upbringing 74–7; different characters of daughters 77; daughters’ reactions to incarceration 84–5; new guards posted 86–7; number of servants allocated to 102; supplied with food from the Convent 118, 119, 170; plots to contact and rescue from Ipatiev 119–25; meetings held to decide fate of 129–36, 137–43, 168–9, 179; external royal intiatives for release of 146–57; German interest in 154–6; nationalising of properties owned by 157; religious observance 159–64; final sense of foreboding 164–7; cleaning women’s memories of 171–4; penultimate day 171–4; final day 177; and dismissal of kitchen boy 180; taken to their place of execution 184–9; execution of 189–93, 194; stripped of their jewellery 193–4, 198–9, 201; disposal of their bodies 194–200, 201–2, 203–6; announcements of death of 200–1, 206–7, 208–11; aftermath of death of 211–13; and fate of other family members, retainers and actual murderers 213–18; and fate of Ipatiev House 219, 220; location of remains of 219–20; and annual show of lilies at Ganina Yama 221, 222, 223; and pilgrimages to site of execution 221–3; and Russian Orthodox Church commemoration of 221–2, see also named members of the family: Nicholas, Alexandra, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, Alexey

 

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