Mitterrand

by Philip Short

  and Farewell, 326–8, 401, 638n7, 647n29,

  and Middle Eastern terrorism, 346, 413, 414n, 415–16, 449, 449n, 652n14

  Dubois, André, 620–1nn39 & 41

  Duchet, Roger, 623–4nn24–5

  Duclos, Jacques, 145, 258–9, 270

  Dufoix, Georgina, 529n

  Duhamel, Jacques, 186

  Dulac, General André, 624–5n33

  Dulles, John Foster, 162

  Dumas, Roland, x, 6, 206–7, 285, 356–7, 528, 555, 578, 621n41, 635–6nn9, 15 & 18, 648n41

  in politics, 219–20, 260, 299, 456

  as Minister for European Affairs, 380–1

  as Foreign Minister, 400, 412, 420, 465, 479, 481, 492, 496, 509, 520, 523, 651n60, 653n27, 658–9n55

  Duras, Marguerite, 101, 103–4, 126–7, 130, 612–13n71

  Duveau, Roger, 196, 625n37

  Duverger, Maurice, 194

  Eagleburger, Lawrence, 525

  L’Echo de Paris, 27–8, 32, 600n22

  Edict of Nantes, 20, 598n4

  Egypt, 173, 186–7, 246, 317, 457, 572–3, 655n21

  Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 83, 107, 160, 186, 657n44

  El Salvador, 323, 325, 334, 337

  Elgey, Georgette, 619n21, 621n41, 624n29

  Elizabeth II, Queen, 20, 561, 579, 628n14

  Ely, General Paul, 194

  Emmanuelli, Henri, 535, 550, 573–4

  l’Ephémère, 53, 58

  Estier, Claude, 234, 535, 630nn15–16, 633n39, 637(Ch11)n3, 652n21

  Estonia, 656n40

  ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna), 346, 346n, 584

  Etchegoin, Baron, 244

  L’Étudiant français, 28

  Eurocommunism, 293–5

  Euromissiles, 330–3, 338, 360, 377, 382, 396, 398, 438, 497, 638n12

  Europe (Congress of, 1948), 157–8

  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 483–4, 655n21

  European defence, 159, 164, 384, 513–15, 619n23, 658–9nn55–6

  European Economic Community (EEC), 187, 202, 232, 269, 271, 328–9, 331, 339, 377–9, 383, 388, 409, 475, 480–2, 506, 510, 570, 648n40

  Treaty of Rome, 159, 187

  (1980) Venice summit, 347

  (1984) Brussels summit, 380

  (1984) Fontainebleau summit, 380–2, 389, 394, 643n49, 644nn6–8

  (1986) The Hague summit, 437

  (1986) London summit, 437

  (1989) Strasbourg summit, 477, 654n14

  (1990) Dublin summit, 655n22

  (1991) Maastricht summit, 369, 515–21, 523, 527–9, 643n49, 658n50

  (1992) Lisbon summit, 523

  European Iron and Steel Community, 158

  European Monetary System (EMS), 366–71, 377, 528–9, 584, 643nn49–50

  Ecu (European Currency Unit, Euro), 369, 477, 512, 516–18, 518n, 519, 519n, 644n3

  European Research Coordination Agency (EUREKA), 402, 584

  European Union, 483, 518–19, 528, 551

  path towards, 382, 476–7, 484, 512, 515–18, 655n22

  and Balkan wars, 520–1, 526–7, 546, 548

  L’Expansion, 274–5

  L’Express, 178, 227, 233, 559, 577, 623n20

  Eyadéma, Gnassingbé, 493–4, 579

  Fabius, Laurent, x, 314, 370, 445, 487, 502, 526, 529n, 636–7n2, 637(Ch11)n3, 643n50

  and Mitterrand, 12, 363, 372, 391, 465–6, 468–9, 488–90, 503, 578, 645n18

  as Prime Minister, 391–2, 394, 423, 426, 504, 645n17

  and Rainbow Warrior affair, 407–9, 647–8nn36–7 & 43

  and Socialist Party, 302, 465–6, 488, 507, 529, 534–5, 550

  Fabre, Robert, 256, 276, 296

  Fadlallah, Sheikh Mohammed, 414

  Fages, Admiral Henri, 647n37

  Fahd, Crown Prince (later King), 340

  Falklands, 377–8, 497

  Farewell, 326–8, 333, 401, 638nn7–10, 647n29

  FARL (Armed Revolutionary Lebanese Fractions), 346, 414–15, 418–19, 421, 448, 584, 640n25

  Farouk, King, 173

  Fatah–Revolutionary Council, see Abu Nidal

  Faulkner, William, 32

  Faure, Edgar, 178, 180, 201, 278, 555, 619n24

  and North Africa, 172, 182, 191

  Faure, General Jacques, 187

  Faure, Maurice, 231, 276, 278, 314, 456, 467–8, 624n27

  and 1965 presidential election, 232–3, 630–1n17

  Favier, Pierre, 541, 565, 568

  Favre de Thierrens, Jacques, 64–5, 68, 603n5

  February 6 1934 (demonstration), 26–7

  Ferréol de Ferry, Alfred, 84

  FGDS (Federation of the Democratic Socialist Left), 234, 242–3, 253, 256, 260, 263, 585, 632nn28 & 30, 634n5

  Fifth Republic, 9, 214, 262, 321, 464, 470, 597n4

  constitution, 13, 199–200, 217–18, 221, 225–6, 239, 270, 358, 372, 393, 431, 437, 442, 626n42, 629nn3–4

  Le Figaro, 166, 222, 237, 325, 385n

  Fighting Communist Cells (Belgium), 462n

  Fillioud, Georges, ix, 595, 631n23

  Finifter, Bernard, 3, 112, 122, 130, 611n63

  at Stalag IXA, 50–1, 51n, 54–5, 55n, 63, 71

  and RNPG, 84, 113

  Finland, 518n

  Fiterman, Charles, 646n21

  Flandin, Pierre-Etienne, 34

  Flaubert, Gustave, 32

  FLN ([Algerian] National Liberation Front), 173, 175, 184–5, 187, 199, 215–17, 585, 623n18

  and insurrection, 174, 177, 181–2, 184, 191, 622nn3 & 12

  FLNKS (Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front), 446–7, 463, 585

  Flohic, François, 247, 254, 258

  FNPG (National Federation of Prisoners of War), 119–21, 128, 144, 228, 585

  and Dachau, 126, 615n15

  and UDSR, 154, 156

  Foccart, Jacques, 225, 255

  Fonlupt-Esperaber, Jacques, 177

  Fontaine, Marcel, 414, 418, 428, 449, 463

  Forbes, Alastair, 95

  Force de frappe (French nuclear strike force), 186–7, 271, 317–18, 318n, 331, 406, 439–41

  Force Ouvrière, 145

  Forsne, Christina, 355, 485–6

  Fouchet, Christian, 163–4, 278, 620–1nn35 & 41

  Fourcade, Marie-Madeleine, 86

  Fourth Republic, 1–2, 137–9, 153, 160, 170, 176–7, 186, 195, 197, 202, 220, 227, 229, 233, 235n, 239, 252, 261, 280, 313, 361, 617–18nn3 & 18, 620n40, 622–3nn11 & 24, 632n28

  Franceschi, Joseph, 319, 642n37

  Franc-Tireur, 72, 80, 99, 139, 616n24

  France, revue de l’État nouveau, 72, 127, 601n1, 605n19

  France Observateur, 177–8, 623n20 (afterwards Nouvel Observateur)

  France Soir, 208, 273, 385n

  Franco, General Francisco, 226n, 346n, 556, 584

  Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), 72, 105, 144

  Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 522

  Frenay, Henri, 72, 87, 102, 123, 168, 208, 616n24

  and Mitterrand, 7, 81, 83, 90–97, 99, 105, 111, 114, 121–2, 139, 555, 611nn64–5, 613nn79–80, 614–15nn8, 12 & 15

  Minister of Prisoners of War and Deportees, 120–2

  and post-war politics, 129, 242

  French Union (Union Française), 151, 157, 170

  Frère, General Aubert, 79, 89

  Frey, Roger, 238

  Fric, Guy, 67–8, 76, 98, 604n15

  Friol, Henri, 190

  Furuya, Yutaka, 653n26

  Gabon, 492n, 493

  Gaddafi, Muammar, 226n, 317, 351, 436, 491

  Gagnaire, Etienne, 69, 78, 101, 604n15

  Gaillard, Félix, 179, 189, 624n27

  Gainsbourg, Serge, 379n

  Galbraith, John Kenneth, 298

  Gamba, Daniel, 356–7

  Gambetta, Léon, 241

  Ganeval, General Jean, 624n26

  Garbidjan, Varajian, 421, 448

  GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), 402–3

  de Gaulle, Charles, x, 10–11, 75, 79,
247, 257–8, 272, 311, 318, 322, 339, 393, 410–11, 424, 431–3, 443, 453, 458, 494, 536, 539, 557, 585–6, 599n12, 613nn72 & 75, 618–19nn15 & 21, 629–30nn4–6, 638n15, 645n17, 646n19, 657n44

  and Pétain, 61–2, 127, 554

  as wartime leader, 69, 72, 75, 77–8, 80–3, 86–8, 90–1, 93, 94n, 99, 107, 118, 124, 139, 149, 160, 203, 605n21

  and (General) Giraud, 79–80, 83, 87, 89–91, 96

  and liberation of Paris, 109–11

  and post-war politics, 129–30, 133, 137–8, 140, 153–4, 156

  and RPF, 138, 146, 156, 275n, 586

  and decolonisation, 150, 157, 199–200

  and democracy, 220–2, 225–6, 239, 258, 629n4

  and Mitterrand, 2, 7–14, 67, 86–8, 90–6, 99–100, 105, 108, 110–11, 121–2, 125–6, 132–3, 153–4, 157, 194–9, 203–4, 217, 220–7, 229–30, 256–8, 261, 313, 319, 321, 358, 370–1, 390, 410–11, 512, 553–4, 556, 560–1, 563, 566, 570–1, 579, 581, 598n8, 608–11nn45, 49–50, 54, 56 & 64–5, 613n77, 615n15, 625nn35 & 37, 626–7n3, 629–30n6, 637(Ch11)n4

  and Algeria, 1, 3, 4, 12, 191–4, 198, 204–5, 207, 214–17, 222, 370–1, 410, 626nn2–3

  (1958) return to power, 191–4, 201–2, 219, 262, 597n4, 623n22, 624–5nn29 & 31–3, 634n42

  and Europe, 158, 232, 239, 247, 328–30, 383, 475, 562

  and presidential election, 218, 220–1, 232–3, 235n, 236–9, 242, 244, 265, 269, 290, 453, 631–2nn23–4 & 27

  and ‘May 68’, 247–55, 257, 280, 310, 633–4nn40–2

  resignation, 258, 264, 309

  de Gaulle, Geneviève, 614–5n12

  de Gaulle, Pierre, 629–30n6

  GCHQ Cheltenham, 649–50n53

  Geismar, Alain, 249–50

  Gemayel, Amin, 350

  Gemayel, Bachir, 343, 350

  Genest, Pascal, x

  Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 381, 475

  Georgia, 656n40

  Gerasimov, Gennadi, 654n17

  de Gérin-Ricard, Lazare, 605n19

  Germany, 115, 145, 249–50, 414, 454, 510

  pre-war, 27–28, 31, 36–8, 40, 131, 143, 146

  invasion of France, 44–6, 149, 601n38

  Occupation, 10, 47–60, 61–2, 64–79, 82–4, 86–7, 89–90, 92, 94n, 97–100, 102–9, 114, 116–18, 120, 123, 164, 181, 185, 193n, 216, 307, 566–8, 602–3n17, 605nn20–1, 612–13nn68 & 70–1, 614n12

  death camps, 75, 125–6, 557, 602n8, 605n20

  East, 254, 473–9, 481, 654nn8, 14–15 & 18

  West, 10, 137, 140, 162, 253–4, 312, 315, 336, 363–4, 366, 369, 371, 375, 383–4, 388, 402, 417, 423, 554, 638–40nn9 & 23, 643–4n53, 652n16, 657n44

  and Europe, 158, 187, 328–9, 377, 379–83, 383, 475–7, 483–4, 516–18, 520, 528–9, 580, 643n49

  and defence, 159, 404, 441, 499, 514, 619n23

  and Euromissiles, 330–3, 338, 360

  and Red Army Faction, 346, 462n

  Franco-German army brigade (Eurocorps), 384, 484, 513, 515, 527, 551, 658–9nn55–6

  and fall of Berlin Wall, 473, 475, 478, 654n10

  reunification, 472–81, 516, 519, 567, 569, 654nn8–10

  and Balkan wars, 520–2, 527

  Gerow, General Leonard, 107

  Gestapo, 65, 75, 94n, 97, 162, 177–8, 183, 522, 553, 556, 606–7n30

  and RNPG, 86–7, 89–90, 102–4, 113, 117, 608n44, 612–13n71

  Giacometti, Alberto, 31

  Gide, André, 22, 32

  Giesbert, Franz-Olivier, 13–14, 235n, 288, 569, 576, 630n13, 653n25

  GIGN (Special Intervention Force of the Gendarmerie), 353, 420, 585, 642n38

  Giono, Jean, 211

  Giraud, André, 407n, 432, 439, 442, 444, 455

  Giraud, General Henri, 79–80, 83, 87, 89–92, 95–6, 586

  Giroud, Françoise, 209, 622n13

  Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, x, 185, 283, 441, 569, 578, 642–3n47

  leader of Centre-Right, 243, 275n, 389, 391, 424, 430, 432, 470, 492n, 507, 533, 560, 587

  1974 election, 278–82, 287, 290, 637nn3 & 5

  (1974–81) presidency, 13, 245, 296–7, 305–6, 368, 376, 393, 554–5, 557, 561, 563, 642n40, 643–4n53, 645n17

  and Barre, 295, 308, 426

  and Chirac, 305, 307, 309, 433–4, 462–3, 505

  and Europe, 328, 331

  and Middle East, 340, 344, 348, 414n, 417

  and Russia, 296, 330, 396

  1981 election, 1, 304–5, 309–12, 314–15, 317–18, 320, 637nn3 & 5

  Giscard d’Estaing, Anne-Aymone, 287

  Glavany, Jean, 535, 569

  de Gobineau, Arthur, 22

  Goebbels, Joseph, 145, 634n44

  Goës, Georges, 611n66

  Gonzáles, Felipe, 315, 346n, 515, 520

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 396, 471–2, 498

  and Mitterrand, 399, 400, 403–6, 437, 439, 473–4, 476, 508–10, 568–70, 646–7nn26–7, 32 & 35, 656–7nn42–3

  and Reagan, 403, 438–40, 442

  and German reunification, 472–6, 478, 480

  and break-up of Soviet empire, 471–2, 474, 481–2, 508–11

  and August putsch, 508–9

  Gordes, 240, 247, 287, 354, 571, 575, 635n16

  Gordji, Wahid, 450–2, 462–3, 652n19

  Gordowski, Antoine, 56

  Gore, Al, 579

  Gouin, Félix, 133

  Gouze, Antoine, 131

  Gouze, Christine, 101, 112–14, 122, 208, 212

  Gouze, Danielle, see Mitterrand, Danielle

  Grachev, Andrei, 657n43

  Greece, 357, 518n, 519n

  Green Party, 459, 464, 530

  Greene, Graham, 193

  Greenpeace, see Rainbow Warrior

  Grilickès, Michel, 102–3

  Gringoire, 226, 532

  Gromyko, Andrei, 399, 400

  de Grossouvre, François, 234–5, 235n, 279n, 288, 347, 354, 559

  Group of Seven (G7), 305–6, 473–4

  1981 (Ottawa), 325–6, 335–6, 362

  1982 (Versailles), 336–7, 341, 362, 365

  1983 (Williamsburg), 338, 403, 514

  1985 (Bonn), 402–3

  1986 (Tokyo), 436–7

  1987 (Venice), 440–1

  1989 (Paris), 470–2

  1991 (London) 508

  1993 (Tokyo), 536

  1994 (Naples), 542, 551

  GSPR (Special Group for the Protection of the President), 353–5, 358, 527, 585

  Gubler, Claude, 359, 453, 457, 527, 551–3, 659n57, 660n9

  Guerin, Henri, 104

  Guigou, Elizabeth, 642–3nn47 50, 644n6

  Guyot, Michel, 641n36

  Habré, Hissène, 491, 493

  Habyarimana, Agathe, 539

  Habyarimana, Juvenal, 537–41, 660n1

  Haddad, Waddi, 640n25

  Haedrich, Marcel, 69, 88, 122, 128, 148, 618n12

  Hagopian, Hagop, 583

  Haig, Alexander, 322–4, 326, 336

  Haile Selassie, Emperor, 27

  Hallier, Jean-Edern, 355–7, 358n, 559

  Hanin, Roger, 212, 317, 319, 578, 633n34

  Hannezo, Guillaume, 528–9

  Hartman, Arthur, 312

  Hassan, King (of Morocco), 493

  Haussmann, Baron Georges Eugène, 25, 279, 561

  Havel, Václav, 471

  Hemingway, Ernest, 3, 32

  Hendricks, Barbara, 579

  de Hennezel, Marie, 572–3, 576–7

  Henriot, Philippe, 98

  Henri IV, King, 10

  Hernu, Charles, ix, 208, 234, 271, 350, 586, 618n12, 625n35, 628n11, 632–3nn30 & 37, 637(Ch11)n3

  and political clubs, 220, 226–7, 629n1, 630n16

  and Rainbow Warrior, 407, 407n, 408–9, 411, 647–8nn36–9, 41 & 43–4

  Hernu, Dominique, ix, 595

  Hersant, Robert, 385n

  Hervé, Edmond, 529n

  Heurgon, Marc, 233

  Hezbollah, 412, 414, 450, 639n22, 652n16

  Higgins, Lieut.-Col. William, 652n16

  Himmler, Heinrich
, 522

  Hirsch, Robert, 164, 168–9

  Hitler, Adolf, 9, 28n, 36–8, 40, 75, 102–3, 105, 131, 187, 226n, 476, 568, 612n70

  Holbrooke, Richard, 548

  Holland, see Netherlands

  Hollande, François, 393, 581, 637n2

  L’Homme libre, 88, 108, 117 (afterwards Libres)

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 162

  Hossegor, 211–12, 232, 243–4, 285–7, 633n33

  Houphouet-Boigny, Félix, 151–3, 168, 180, 195, 586

  Howe, Geoffrey, 381, 644n7

  Huchon, Michel, 505

  Hugo, Victor, 308

  L’Humanité, 250, 273, 291, 295, 325, 395, 636n21

  Hungary, 471–3, 547, 654n8

  Hurd, Douglas, 520

  Hussein, King (of Jordan), 497

  Iceland, 277, 439–40

  India, 537n

  Indochina, 2, 144, 149n, 170, 174, 217, 247–8

  war, 150, 157, 159–62, 163, 165–6, 176, 187, 424, 619n21, 622n3

  Institut François Mitterrand, 570, 585

  IRA (Irish Republican Army), 346, 377, 520, 640n26, 642n38, 644n1

  Iran, 347–8, 351, 360, 407, 410, 412, 421, 428, 448–52, 454, 462n, 462–3, 500, 641n29, 652n15

  use of terror, 349–50, 413, 418–22, 449, 451, 649–51nn49, 53–4 & 59–60, 652–3nn13–14, 16–17, 19 & 27

  and United States, 351, 416–18, 410, 641n34, 648–9n48

  Iran–Iraq war, 340, 349–50, 414, 418, 421, 496, 498

  Iraq, 340, 448, 463, 495–8, 500–501, 521, 545, 583, 650n58

  and French arms sales, 347–50, 421, 462n, 498

  and Kurds, 349, 497, 500

  Ireland, 271

  Irish National Liberation Army, 346

  Islamic Jihad, 350, 412, 414, 418, 427, 641nn30 & 32, 649–50nn53 & 58

  Israel, 350, 352, 414, 417–18, 448, 498, 638n15, 640n25, 648–9n48, 655–6nn21 & 35

  nuclear weapons, 186–7

  and Mitterrand, 246, 304, 339–44, 347, 490–1, 494–5, 501–2, 641n35

  and invasion of Lebanon, 342–4, 349, 639nn17, 20 & 22, 641n32

  and talks with PLO, 498, 501–2, 655n30

  Italy, 246, 293, 324, 324n, 336, 357, 363–4

  pre-war, 28n, 29, 36, 40, 149

  and Europe, 158, 187, 379, 475, 518n, 527, 529

  and European defence, 513, 515, 639–40n23

  and Red Brigades, 346, 462

  Ivory Coast, 151–3, 493, 586

  Izetbegović, Alija, 523–5, 550

  Jacob, Odile, 573

  Japan, 36, 40, 338, 364, 402–4, 478, 506, 514, 655n21

  Jarnac, 15–16, 19–21, 26, 28–9, 31–3, 39, 43–4, 63, 101, 122, 128, 246, 572, 579, 598n3, 603n2, 661n6

  Jaruzelski, General Wojciech, 335, 645n18

  Jaurès, Jean, 267, 308, 315

  Jean-Pierre, Thierry, 530, 532, 558, 659–60n58

  Jeantet, Gabriel, 72, 127, 604n17, 605n19

  Jeunesse Étudiante Chrétienne, 31