by Paul Begg
26 ‘Court Circular Clears Clarence’, The Times, 4 November 1970.
27 UK broadcast 2 November 1970.
28 The Times, 9 November 1970.
29 The Times, 14 November 1970.
Chapter 13: Conspiracy
1 Michael Harrison, Clarence: The Life of HRH the Duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864–1892) (London: W. H. Allen, 1972), published in the US as Clarence: Was He Jack the Ripper? (New York: Drake Publishing, 1974).
2 As recorded in the Listener, 17 August 1972.
3 Sunday Times, 16 February 1975.
4 Daniel Farson, Jack the Ripper (London: Michael Joseph, 1972; Sphere, 1973).
5 The two detectives, played by Stratford Johns and Frank Windsor, appeared in Z-Cars and Softly Softly, which ran on the BBC from 1962 until 1978.
6 Jack the Ripper; BBC TV, UK broadcast 13 July–17 August 1973 (six episodes), Stratford Johns, Frank Windsor, producers: Paul Bonner, Leonard Lewis.
7 UK broadcast 17 August 1973.
8 The Times, 16 August 1973.
9 Donald Rumbelow, The Complete Jack the Ripper (London: W. H. Allen, 1975; Star Books, 1976/1981; W. H. Allen, 1987/8; Penguin, 2004; Virgin, 2013).
10 Richard Whittington-Egan, A Casebook on Jack the Ripper (London: Wildy & Sons, 1975).
11 Stephen Knight, Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution (London: Harrap, 1976).
12 Warren was made a Knight Templar in Freemasonry in 1863 and founded the Quattuor Coronati Lodge, consecrated in 1886. It was the first Masonic lodge devoted to research into the history of Freemasonry.
13 Sunday Times, 18 June 1978.
14 Simon Wood’s collected research material on the ‘royal conspiracy theory’ can be found at Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives.
15 Melvyn Fairclough, The Ripper and the Royals (London: Duckworth, 1991).
16 Fairclough suggests that the prince could have been the legendary ‘Monster of Glamis’, described traditionally as a horribly deformed member of the Bowes-Lyon family imprisoned in Glamis Castle.
17 Evening Standard, 5 December 1991.
18 True Detective, January 1989.
19 Peter Sutcliffe killed thirteen women, mostly prostitutes, in the north of England between 1975 and 1980. He was imprisoned for life at Broadmoor in 1981.
Chapter 14: A Crisis of Identity
1 ‘A New Theory on the Jack the Ripper Murders’, True Crime (April 1982).
2 Mark Andrews, The Return of Jack the Ripper (New York: Leisure Books, 1977).
3 Bruce Paley, Jack the Ripper: The Simple Truth (London: Headline, 1995).
4 Paul Harrison, Jack the Ripper: The Mystery Solved (London: Robert Hale, 1991).
5 These include previously unseen mortuary photos of Nichols, Chapman and Stride and the long-missing ‘Dear Boss’ letter, which was returned anonymously.
6 Weekend, 6 August 1986.
7 James Tully, The Secret of Prisoner 1167: Was This Man Jack the Ripper? (London: Robinson, 1997).
8 James Kelly’s criminal files in HO 144/10064 (National Archives); Broadmoor case file is in the Berkshire Record Office.
9 Melvin Harris, Jack the Ripper: The Bloody Truth (London: Columbus Books, 1987).
10 Paul Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Uncensored Facts (London: Robson, 1988), later expanded and republished as Jack the Ripper: The Facts (2004).
11 Adam Wood and Keith Skinner, ‘Red Lines and Purple Pencil’, Ripperologist 128 (October 2012), gives an exhaustive overview of the provenance of the book and marginalia.
12 ‘Has This Man Revealed the Real Jack the Ripper?’, Daily Telegraph, 19 October 1987.
13 Crime Monthly; BBC TV, UK broadcast 10 August 1990.
14 Hackney Gazette, 10 October 1990.
15 US broadcast 1988.
16 Jean Overton Fuller, Sickert and the Ripper Crimes (Oxford: Mandrake, 1990, 2003).
17 Paul Begg, Martin Fido and Keith Skinner, The Jack the Ripper A–Z (London: Headline, 1991, 1994, 1996), updated as The Complete Jack the Ripper A–Z (London: John Blake, 2010).
18 Seth Linder, Keith Skinner and Caroline Morris, Ripper Diary: Inside Story (Stroud: Sutton, 2003).
19 Shirley Harrison, The Diary of Jack the Ripper (London: Smith Gryphon, 1993).
20 The Hitler Diaries were a collection of sixty notebooks allegedly containing memoirs written by Hitler between 1932 and 1945. They were proved to be forgeries, but Stern Magazine in Germany and The Times in the UK had already declared them genuine.
21 Observer, 25 April 1993.
22 A. P. Wolf, Jack the Myth (London: Robert Hale, 1993).
23 Philip Sugden, The Complete History of Jack the Ripper (London: Robinson, 2002).
24 Christopher Hudson, ‘Playing Games with Murder Most Foul’, Evening Standard, 25 September 1987.
25 Stewart P. Evans and Paul Gainey, The Lodger: The Arrest and Escape of Jack the Ripper (London: Century, 1996). Paul Gainey worked for the Suffolk Constabulary press office.
26 Bob Hinton, From Hell … (Abertillery: Old Bakehouse, 1998).
27 Paul H. Feldman, Jack the Ripper: The Final Chapter (London: Virgin, 1997).
28 Edited by Nick Warren and still extant.
29 Originally the Newsletter of the Cloak and Dagger Club (formed by Mark Galloway in 1994). The club has since been renamed the ‘Whitechapel Society 1888’ and publishes its own bi-monthly journal. Ripperologist has been an e-zine since 2006.
30 Originally edited by Christopher George. It has since been edited by Christoper-Michael DiGrazia (2001–4) and Dan Norder (2004–present).
31 Online at www.casebook.org.
32 See also ‘JTRForums’, hosted by Howard Brown, at www.jtrforums.com and ‘Jack the Ripper Writers’, Spiro Dimolanis’s forum at www.ripperwriters.aforumfree.com.
33 Maxim Jakubowski and Nathan Braund (eds.), The Mammoth Book of Jack the Ripper (London: Robinson, 1999).
34 Stewart P. Evans and Keith Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook (London: Robinson, 2000), published in the USA as The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Companion (New York: Carroll and Graf, 2001).
Chapter 15: The Appliance of Science
1 Stephen P. Ryder, ‘Patricia Cornwell and Walter Sickert – A Primer’, www.casebook.org/dissertations/dst-pamandsickert.html, accessed 24 June 2013.
2 Matthew Sturgess, Walter Sickert: A Life (London: Harper Perennial, 2011).
3 Patricia Cornwell, Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper – Case Closed (London: Little, Brown, 2002).
4 ‘Stalking the Ripper’; Omnibus, BBC TV, UK broadcast 30 October 2002.
5 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation; CBS, first US broadcast 6 October 2000.
6 The X-Files; Fox Network, US broadcast 1993–2001.
7 Daily Mail, 8 March 2004.
8 Marriott was a detective working for the Buckinghamshire constabulary. He joined the police in 1970.
9 Professor David Canter, Mapping Murder: The Secrets of Geographical Profiling (London: Virgin, 2007).
10 Revealed – The Face of Jack the Ripper; Channel 5, UK broadcast 21 November 2006.
11 Daily Mail, 20 November 2006.
12 Trow was the author of a series of books recounting the fictional exploits of Inspector Lestrade, a character originally created by Arthur Conan Doyle for his series of Sherlock Holmes stories.
13 M. J. Trow, The Many Faces of Jack the Ripper (Chichester: Summersdale, 1997).
14 In a conversation with the authors, Trow said that he had not intended to write a suspect-based Ripper book, but that his publishers suggested he do so.
15 M. J. Trow, Jack the Ripper: Quest for a Killer (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2009).
16 ‘Jack the Ripper: Killer Revealed’; Discovery Channel, broadcast 11 October 2009.
17 M. J. Trow, ‘The Non-starter’, Ripperologist 113 (April 2010).
18 Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Story; Channel 5, broadcast 11 and 20 January 2011.
19 Created by Jake Luukkanen.
20 P
aul Begg and John Bennett, Jack the Ripper: CSI Whitechapel (London: André Deutsch, 2012).
21 Includes vanity publishing, print on demand and e-books. Popular outlets include Lulu, Blurb, Authorhouse and Amazon.
22 Gerry Nixon, ‘Le Grand of the Strand’, Ripperologist 16 (August 1998).
23 See Tom Wescott, ‘Jack and the Grapestalk’, Ripper Notes 25 (January 2006), and ‘Le Grand: The New Prime Suspect’, Casebook Examiner 2 (June 2010).
24 See Derek Osborne, Ripperana 37 (July 2001); John Carey, Ripperana 40 (April 2002); Michael Connor, ‘Did the Ripper Work for Pickfords?’, Ripperologist 72 (October, 2006).
25 Christer Holmgren, ‘Two Murders in Buck’s Row’, Ripperologist 126 (June 2012).
26 This wartime tragedy saw the death of over 170 people during a panic-stricken rush down the stairs of Bethnal Green Underground station during an air-raid false alarm on 3 March 1943. Among the victims were Florence Lechmere (aged sixty-six); Thomas Allen Lechmere (aged sixty-six); Thomas Charles Lechmere (aged forty-three).
27 C. J. Morley, Jack the Ripper: The Suspects (self-published, 2011).
Chapter 16: Genesis of the Ripper
1 ‘The Ghost in the Ripper Machine’, Guardian, 15 March 1988.
2 ‘Jack the Ripper is Back!’, East London Advertiser, 2 May 1975.
3 There was a brief vogue for theming a pub around a particular concept, the best known being Irish-themed pubs. Closer to the Jack the Ripper is the Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in Edinburgh, one of four pubs with a ghoulish gothic theme run by the Eerie Pub Company, and Edinburgh also had a pub called the Burke and Hare. London boasts the Sherlock Holmes on Northumberland Avenue.
4 East London Advertiser, 23 October 1987.
5 Samuel E. Hudson, Leather Apron or the Horrors of Whitechapel (Town Printing House, 1888).
6 Austin Statesman, 5 September 1888.
7 Star, 5 September 1888.
8 See Paul Begg, ‘The Conference Talks: Did Leather Apron Really Exist?’, Ripperologist 109 (December 2009).
9 Globe, 10 September 1888.
10 Star, 11 December 1888.
11 Irish Times, 7 September 1888.
12 Star, 11 September 1888.
13 Star, 8 October 1888.
14 In 1884, a few doors along at 123 Whitechapel Road, Joseph Merrick, the ‘Elephant Man’, had been exhibited by his manager, Tom Norman.
15 Irish Times, 11 September 1888.
16 Echo, 11 September 1888.
17 Daily Telegraph, 29 November 1888.
18 See Mike Hawley, ‘Whitechapel’s Wax Chamber of Horrors, 1888’, Ripperologist 130 (February 2013), for an examination of the exhibition and others like it.
19 Daily News, 1 October 1888.
20 Birmingham Evening Mail, 6 October 1888.
21 See Andrew Cook, Jack the Ripper: Case Closed (Stroud: Amberley, 2009).
22 Despite the popular image of gaslight and fog which permeates Ripper iconography today, none of the murders actually took place on a foggy night.
23 John Francis Brewer, The Curse upon Mitre Square: A.D. 1530–1888 (Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1888). Available as an e-book at www.hollywoodripper.com.
24 Punch, 29 September 1888.
25 Evening News, Echo, 11 October 1888 and others, where she is referred to as ‘Mrs Sodeaux’.
26 Statement of George Hutchinson, 12 November 1888; MEPO 3/140, ff. 227–9 (National Archives).
27 The Times, 12 September 1888.
28 Evening News, 5 October 1888.
29 Ottawa Free Press, 21 November 1888.
30 Harold Furness (ed.), Famous Crimes Past and Present (London: Caxton House, 1903). The complete series on the Whitechapel murders was reprinted in one volume by Thomas Schachner in 2007, limited to fifty copies.
Chapter 17: The Lodger and Other Stories
1 Ottawa Citizen, 16 November 1888; New York Herald, 13 November 1888; Pall Mall Gazette, 28 November 1888; East London Observer, 1 December 1888; among others.
2 Toronto Globe, 15 November 1888.
3 Founded by Samuel McLure in 1893, it featured political and literary content, often publishing novels in serialized form as was customary at the time. Before its demise in March 1929, it had published work by Rudyard Kipling, Robert Louis Stevenson, Jack London and Arthur Conan Doyle.
4 Waxworks or Das Wachsfigurenkabinett (Neptun-film 1924); Emil Jannings, Conrad Veidt, Werner Krauss; dir. Leo Birinsky/Paul Leni.
5 The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (Gainsborough 1927); Ivor Novello, Marie Ault, ‘June’; dir. Alfred Hitchcock.
6 Pandora’s Box (Nero-film 1928); Louise Brooks, Fritz Kortner, Franz Lederer; dir. Georg Pabst.
7 Jack the Ripper (Paramount 1959); Ewen Solon, Eddie Byrne, Betty McDowall, dir. Robert S. Baker.
8 David ‘Screaming’ Lord Sutch, Life as Sutch (London: HarperCollins, 1991).
9 Both of which had depictions of the top-hatted Ripper emblazoned upon them.
10 A Study in Terror (Columbia Pictures 1966); John Neville, Donald Houston; dir. James Hill.
11 Jack the Ripper also made appearances in other popular TV series, notably Cimarron City (1968), Get Smart (1970), Kolchak the Night Stalker (1974), Fantasy Island (1980) and Dr Who (2011).
12 US broadcast, 22 December 1967.
13 The story was also televised in an episode of US series Thriller, broadcast 11 April 1961.
14 The Ripper crossed dimensions again in 1979’s Time after Time where H. G. Wells pursues Jack to twentieth-century New York in his time machine.
15 Dr Jekyll and Sister Hyde (Hammer 1971); Ralph Bates, Martine Beswick, Gerald Sim; dir. Roy Ward Baker.
16 Hands of the Ripper (Hammer 1971); Eric Porter, Angharad Rees, dir. Peter Sasdy.
17 Originating from a one-off sketch in the TV series Six Dates with Barker in 1971, the ‘Phantom Raspberry Blower’ serial was broadcast throughout 1976.
18 UK broadcast, 18, 25 October 1988.
19 Murder by Decree (Embassy 1979); Christopher Plummer, James Mason, Donald Sutherland; dir. Bob Clark.
20 Untitled news clipping, 27 October 1988 (Bishopsgate Institute Library).
21 From Hell (20th Century Fox 2001); Johnny Depp, Heather Graham, Ian Holm; dirs. Albert and Allen Hughes.
22 Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell, From Hell (1991–6); also Dance of the Gull Catchers (1998). Published in one volume by Knockabout Comics, 1999.
23 The Lodger (Stage 6 Films 2009); Alfred Molina, Hope Davis, Simon Baker, dir. David Ondaatje.
24 Whitechapel; ITV1, starring Rupert Penry-Jones, Phil Davis, Steve Pemberton, UK broadcast 2, 9 and 16 February 2009.
25 The Times, 10 February 2009.
26 Guardian Online, 30 December 2012.
27 Denis Miekle, Jack the Ripper: The Murders and the Movies (London: Reynolds and Hearn, 2002).
Chapter 18: A Question of Taste
1 Karl Berg, The Sadist (London: Heinemann, 1945).
2 In October 1975, Peter Samuel Cook was convicted of seven rapes and two woundings which had taken place in 1974–5, holding the city of Cambridge in a state of terror.
3 Barbed Wire Dolls told the story of ‘prisoners in a barbaric camp of sadistic perversions’ and Violation of the Bitch had the tag-line ‘she asked for it’.
4 In 2005, it was discovered that John Humble was responsible for the letters and tape; he was convicted of perverting the course of justice and sentenced to eight years’ imprisonment.
5 The Times, 5 December 1980.
6 Hackney Gazette, 2 September 1986.
7 ‘Ripper Yarns Are Ripping Us Off’, Sunday Times, 6 December 1987.
8 City Limits, 12–19 November 1987.
9 Described by Wayman as ‘a Fagin’s Den’ in Paul Woods and Gavin Baddeley, Saucy Jack: The Elusive Ripper (Hersham: Ian Allen, 2009).
10 East London Advertiser, 2 May 1975.
11 East London Advertiser, 23 May 1975.
12 Stage, 19 May 1988.
13 East London Adv
ertiser, 2–18 September 1988.
14 East London Advertiser, 23 September 1988.
15 Hackney Gazette, 23 September 1988.
16 Hackney Gazette, 30 September 1988.
17 East London Advertiser, undated articles (Tower Hamlets Library and Archives).
18 East London Advertiser, 9 December 1988.
19 East London Advertiser, 7 October 1988.
20 Big Issue, 20 July 1993.
21 Renamed the ‘Whitechapel Society 1888’ in 2005.
22 Shadow of the Ripper, broadcast on BBC2 on 7 September 1988, was an early, well-considered attempt by Sir Christopher Frayling to place the Ripper crimes in their historical and social context.
23 Finn Mackay, ‘Another Jack the Ripper exhibition’ (End Violence Against Women Blog, 5 June 2008).
24 Alex Werner (ed.), Jack the Ripper and the East End (London: Chatto and Windus, 2008).
25 Alexandra Warwick and Martin Willis (eds.), Jack the Ripper: Media, Culture, Diversity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007).
Chapter 19: Murderland Revisited
1 Pall Mall Budget, 9 October 1890.
2 Record of Metropolitan Board of Works committee meetings, 1892 (London Metropolitan Archives).
3 Toronto Daily Mail, 27 February 1892.
4 As recorded in Samuel Ingleby Oddie, Inquest (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1941).
5 Tom Cullen, Autumn of Terror (London: Bodley Head, 1965; Fontana, 1966, 1973).
6 Philip Howard, ‘In the Steps of Jack the Ripper’, The Times, 17 August 1970.
7 ‘Expert in the Unusual’, The Times, 25 January 1971.
8 Daily Telegraph, 27 August 1974.
9 Psychogeography is ‘the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behaviour of individuals’ (Guy Debord, ‘Critique of Urban Geography’, Les Lèvres Neuves, September 1955).
10 Iain Sinclair, White Chappell: Scarlet Tracings (London: Goldmark, 1987).
11 East London Advertiser, 16 May 1996.
12 Sunday Telegraph, 12 May 1996.
13 East London Advertiser, 20 June 1996.
14 Daily Mail, 27 November 2007.
Useful Resources
Books and other media on the subject of Jack the Ripper are included in the footnotes.