by Jill Norgren
ratification, 39, 40
First Nationalist Club of Boston: Lelia Robinson and husband are leaders of, but later form Second Nationalist Club of Boston, 179
Flower, Lucy Coues: campaign team includes Catharine Waugh McCulloch, 152
Foltz, Clara (Shortridge), 141, 146, 172, 184
admitted to U.S. Supreme Court, 123
appointed deputy district attorney in California, 130–31
appointed to the California Board of Charities and Corrections, 130
argues Alfred Von Schmidt case, 129–30
attempts to attend Hastings College of Law, 112
becomes first woman lawyer on the Pacific coast, 110
children of, 106
campaigns for James Garfield and, later, James G. Blaine, 119
compared with Belva Lockwood, 103
divorces Jeremiah Foltz, 106, 116
drafts California “Woman Lawyer’s Bill,” 109
early legal cases, 110, 113
early life, 104–6
elopes, 106
Foltz v. Hoge “victory,” 115, 137
founds a Portia Club, 128–30, 198
heads a Nationalist Club, 122
lecturer, 120
likes courtroom work, xii, 134
lobbies for an office of public defender, xii, 126–28
lobbies for women’s rights, 121, 123–24
lobbies reform of prison parole, 123
loses Charles Colby’s appeal, 118
opens California bar and Hastings Law School to women, xii; 92
People’s Party candidate for San Francisco city attorney, 117, 124
publishes The New American Woman, 132
publishes the San Diego Bee, 121
receives copy of James Kent’s Commentaries, 106, 136
speaks at Congress of Jurisprudence and Law Reform, 126–28, 181
speaks at Congress of Women Lawyers, 124–26, 152
speaks at Second Nationalist Club of Boston, 179
speaks at Woman’s National Liberal Union, 122–23
studies law with father, 107
wanderlust, 155
wins Wheeler case, 118
Foltz, Trella: actress daughter of Clara Foltz, 130
Foltz v. Hoge: decision opening Hastings College of the Law to women, 114–15, 129
Foster, J. Ellen: lawyer and Republican activist, xii
political and reform work, 195
Fourteenth Amendment, x
role in Bradwell v. Illinois, 38, 40
Fuller, Margaret, 3
Gage, Mary E.: last client of Belva Lockwood, 103
Gage, Matilda Joslyn: New York state suffrage leader and co-founder of Woman’s National Liberal Union, 122
Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and College, 76
Georgetown College law program: rejects application from Belva Lockwood, 82
Gertner, Nancy, 211
Gideon v. Wainright, 127–28
Gillett, Emma, 184
admitted to U.S. Supreme Court bar, 179
joins D.C. law firm headed by Watson J. Newton, 89
reads law with Belva Lockwood and attends Howard Law, 89
starts a law school, xi, 128, 198–99
view of charity clients, 174–75, 192, 199
wins notary appointment, 89
Ginsburg, Justice Ruth Bader: writes of “exhilarating change” in status of women lawyers but also need for vigilance, 212
Glover, Congressman John Montgomery: introduces anti-discrimination legislation on Belva Lockwood’s behalf, 90
The Golden Age, 82
Goodell, Clarissa: mother of Lavinia, 44
struggles with husband’s high moral bar, 45–46
Goodell, Lavinia (Rhoda), 43, 86, 92, 103, 104, 110, 116, 118, 132, 136, 137, 163, 184
admitted to the Wisconsin Supreme Court bar, 71
announces interest in law, 46
appointed to represent criminal defendants and begins interest in penal reform, 63–64
assistant at Harper’s in New York, 48–49
brief in response to Justice Edward Ryan, 66–68
first legal case in Fort Atkinson, 57–58
joins in law partnership with Angie King, 70
King and Goodell dissolve partnership, 71
learns Belva Lockwood admitted to U.S. Supreme Court bar, 70
likes courtroom work, 134
moves to Janesville, Wisconsin, 49
passes local bar examination, 53–55
petition for admission to the Wisconsin bar, x, 61
rekindles interest and reads law, 50–53
Ryan rejects her petition to be admitted to the Wisconsin bar, 64–66
successfully lobbies Wisconsin anti-discrimination law, 68
teaches, 48
Goodell, Maria (Frost): dismisses Lavinia’s interest in law, 47
Lavinia’s letters to 46–47, 51, 56, 64, 68, 69
marries, 46
older sister of Lavinia, 45
willed bulk of Lavinia Goodell’s estate, 72–73
Goodell, William: call to reform work, 44
encourages daughter Lavinia’s intellectual development, xiv
Gordon, Laura De Force: California Supreme Court rejects lawsuit, 114
campaigns for Winfield Hancock, 119
heads a Nationalist Club, 122
lecturer, 120
lobbies women’s rights legislation, 107, 110, 121, 123
loses Wheeler case, 118
opens California bar and Hastings Law School to women, xii, 92, 137
turned away from the Hastings College of the Law, 113
wins Foltz v. Hoge, 115
Grant, President Ulysses S.: acts on Belva Lockwood’s request, 83
appoints Roger Greene a federal judge, 165
receives letters from Belva Lockwood requesting her law degree, 82–83
Gray, Judge Horace: writes opinion denying Lelia Robinson’s petition for bar admission, 161–62
Green, Mary A.: active in the Women’s Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, 181
as student works for Alfred Hemenway, 173–74
believes women lawyers ought to go to court, 174
co-founds the Boston Portia Club, 176
death of, 183
delivers paper at the Congress of Jurisprudence and Law Reform, 181–83
enrolls at Boston University law program and graduates, 34, 172
friend of Lelia Robinson, 156, 173
lawyer and writer, xvi
learns of Lelia Robinson’s death, 180
on charity clients, 174, 191
public intellectual, 133
sworn in to Suffolk bar, 174
teaches at Lasell Seminary, 176
writer and translator, 175, 181
writes A Woman’s Manual of Law, 183
writes Equity Club letter, 173; 184
Greene, Judge Roger Sherman, 165, 168
Griffing, Josephine, 79
Grimké, Angelina and Sarah, 3, 4
Gunn, Charles, 116
Haddock, Emma: Equity Club letter, 189–90
Hagner, Judge Randall: Louisa Wallace case, 95
Haines, John C., 165–67, 174
Hall, Ezra: gives sister, Mary Hall, Kent’s Commentaries, 136
Hall, Lydia: completes course of study at National University Law School but is refused “diploma privilege,” 81
gives up effort to win admission to D.C. bar and marries, 81
hostile environment at law school, 198
Hall, Mary, 145, 161
appointed superior court commissioner, 137, 163
attends Wesleyan Academy, 136
believes women lawyers should avoid arguing in court, 141–42, 144
co-founder of the Hartford Woman Suffrage Club, 142
Connecticut’s first woman attorney, first woman admitted to the bar in Connecticut, 141
founds the Good Will Club, 143
In re Mary Hall, 140–41, 144
legal cases, 142
member of the state board of charities, 143
philanthropist, xi
teaches at Lasell Seminary, 136
views different from those of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 142–43
writes to Lelia Robinson, 138
Hamilton, Alexander, 15
Harlan, Justice John M.: Washington D.C. women propose female justice following his death including Mrs. Ellen Mussey, Miss Emma Gillett, and Mrs. Belva Lockwood, 207
Harris, Mrs. Robert, 165
Harvard Law School: accepts women students in 1950, 205
“brink of failure,” 19
Hastings College of the Law, 112, 113, 115, 129
Hastings, Judge Serranus: founder of Hastings College of the Law, 113
position on Foltz v. Hoge, 115
Hayes, President Rutherford B.: conditional pardon for Louisa Wallace, 95
signs bill prohibiting discrimination against women lawyers, 92
Hemenway, Alfred, 173–74
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 162, 165
Hill, Senator Benjamin Harvey, 97–98
Hill, Issac, 14
History of Woman Suffrage, 178
Hoar, George: helps in passage of anti-discrimination legislation, 92
Hobbs, Amelia, 207
Holmes, Julia Archibald, 79
Hooker, Isabella, 39, 137
Hooker, John: certifies Mary Hall for the bar, 138
invites Mary Hall to apprentice with him, 137
Hopkins, John: introduces bill to open Massachusetts bar to women, 162
Horton, Lucy Walton Rhett: client of Belva Lockwood, 96–97
Hosmer, A. A.: asked by Belva Lockwood to sponsor her for U.S. Court of Claims bar, 87
Howard Law School: graduates Charlotte E. Ray, xvi, 83
Howorth, Lucy Somerville: Mississippi attorney and politician, 210
Hulett, Alta, 42, 55
admitted to Illinois bar, 43
death of, 37
passes bar exam at age seventeen, 36
Illinois Hospital for the Insane, 1, 98
Ingalls, Tom: client of Lavinia Goodell, 71–72
In re Mary Hall, 140–41, 144
Irving, Washington, 13
Jackson, A. A.: accepts Kate Kane as an apprentice, 68
directs Lavinia Goodell’s law reading but will not make her an apprentice, 51, 53
James, Henry, 160–61
Janesville, Wisconsin, 49
Jefferson, Thomas, 15, 24
Johnson, Grove L.: supports Clara Foltz’s woman lawyer’s bill, 110
Kagan, Justice Elena, 207
Kaiser v. Stickney: Belva Lockwood is first woman to argue a case at the U.S. Supreme Court, 102
Kane, Kate: apprentices with A. A. Jackson, 68
opens law practice in Milwaukee, 70
studies law in Janesville, Wisconsin, 62
Keith, Mary McHenry: first of two women students at Hastings College of the Law, 115
Kelley, Florence: lawyer, reformer, head of the National Consumers League, 203–4
Kelly, James: client of Belva Lockwood, 93–94
Kent, James: Commentaries, 17
Kepley, Ada, ix
enrolls at Union College law program, 35–36
gives paper at the Congress of Women Lawyers, 152
temperance and suffrage reformer, 37, 42, 49, 191
Killgore, Sarah (Wertman): graduates University of Michigan law program, 36
returns to law practice, 37
King, Angie: partnership with Lavinia Goodell, 70–71
studies law in Janesville, Wisconsin, 62
willed law books by Goodell, 72
Knox, Sarah: California woman suffrage activist, 108–9
provides money for Clara Foltz to attend law school, 112
Lafontant, Jewel: U.S. deputy solicitor general, 210
Lake, Delos: argues for client, Hastings College of the Law, 114
Lasell Seminary: hires Mary Hall as a teacher, 136, 184
law apprenticeship, 18–19
Lease, Mary: fails to win nomination for U.S. Senate seat, 199
political and reform work, 193–95
Leonard, Mary: meets Lelia Robinson, 166
Oregon attorney aided by Clara Foltz, 120
Lewis, Edward Gardner: launches American Woman’s League and American Woman’s Republic, 128
Lincoln, Abraham: early law career, 22–23
In the Matter of Jane, a Woman of Color, 22
Lincoln, Mary Todd, 43
Livermore, Mary: describes Chicago, 27
journalist supporting women’s rights, 29–30
runs fair to benefit Union Army, 28–29
worked under husband, 31
Livingston, Brockholst, 15
localized law, 16
Lockport Daily News: Lura McNall writes for, 90
Lockwood, Belva, 104, 115, 116, 119, 136, 138, 162, 163, 184, 185
active in NWSA, 10–11, 83
active in Universal Peace Union, 100
admitted to D.C. bar, 83
admitted to U.S. Supreme Court bar, 92–93, 137
American Foreign Service, 77
attends Genesee Wesleyan College, 76
attends law lectures in Lima, New York, 76
becomes member of D.C. bar, 55
candidate for U.S. President, 1884 and 1888, xii, 100–101, 209
bicycle, 185
Clara Foltz also turned away from a law school, 113
death of, 103
description of early legal career, 85–87, 93–98
designs school curriculum with Susan B. Anthony, 76
Equity Club letter, 187–89
fights to obtain higher education, xiii-xiv
first efforts to win law prohibiting discrimination toward women lawyers, 79, 89–90
first, unsuccessful, effort to become a member of the U.S. Supreme Court bar, 90
Methodist, xiii
joins women’s rights movement, 9
knows women with legal educations, 80
lecturer, 120, 199
likes courtroom work, 134
lobbies an institution of higher education for D.C., 197–98
matriculates at National University Law School, 80, 158–59
on Mormons, 99–100
purchases building for home and office, 85, 88
reads William Blackstone and James Kent’s Commentaries, 78
refused admission to Columbian Law School, 80
refused admission to U.S. Court of Claims bar, 87–88
represents Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians at U.S. Supreme Court, 102–3
speaks at Congress of Women Lawyers, 125, 152
speaks at Woman’s National Liberal Union, 122–23
successfully lobbies anti-discrimination law at Congress, x, 90–92
titles of lectures, 101
tries to open Women’s National University, xi, 79, 128
works on Arnell bill, 79
writes about women lawyers for the Illustrated American, 178
writes article for Lippincott’s Magazine, 77
writes and travels on behalf of The Golden Age, 82
writes two letters to President Ulysses S. Grant, 82–83
Lockwood, Ezekiel: death of, 84, 88
notary, 84
second husband of Belva Lockwood, 87
Lockwood, Jessie: death of, 80
second daughter of Belva Lockwood, 78
Loew, Rosalie: first woman lawyer with New York Legal Aid Society, 203
Lord Tennyson, 1
Lyon, William: justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, 65
Maguire, James G.: lawyer, judge, and U.S. congressman from California, 117–18
Mansfield, Arabella, ix, 49, 105
does not practice law, 37
reads law and is admitted to the bar, 36–37
Margolin, Bessie: U.S. government attorney, 209
Martin, Anne: ca
mpaigns unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate (1918), 132
Martin, Ellen: 190
organizes Congress of Women Lawyers, 125–26
writes “Admission of Women to the Bar,” 178
Matthews, Burnita Shelton: women’s rights advocate and first woman federal district court judge, 210–11
M’Clintock family: at Seneca Falls, 5
McCulloch, Catharine Waugh: admitted to U.S. Supreme Court bar, 151
argues for women presenters at the Congress of Jurisprudence and Law Reform, 181
attends Rockford Seminary, 145
campaigns for Lucy Coues Flower, 152
children of, 151
critical of Mary Hall, xi, 144, 150–51
death of, 155
early legal career, 147–48
Equity Club letter on reform dress, 191
graduates Union College of Law, 145–46
invents a women’s rights game, 154
law partnership with husband, 149–51
legal advisor to the NWSA, 149
legislative superintendent for the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, 149, 151
looks for a job, 146–47
marries Frank McCulloch, 149
Prohibition Party candidate for state’s attorney, 148
runs successfully for Evanston justice of the peace, 152–53, 208
serves in many organizations, 154
writes A Manual of the Law of Will Contests in Illinois with husband, 155
writes about Mary Hall in an Equity Club letter, 141–42
writes fiction, 151
McCulloch, Frank: enters into law partnership with wife, 150
marries Catharine Waugh, 149
McDonald, Senator Joseph: argues on behalf of women attorneys, 91–92
McManus, Thomas: supports Mary Hall’s application for bar admission, 139
McNall, Lura: briefly attends National University Law School, 80
daughter of Uriah McNall and Belva McNall (Lockwood), 76
law office manager for her mother, 84
teaches, 77
McNall, Uriah: death of, 76
first husband of Belva Lockwood, 75
McNall’s Ladies Seminary, 77
Merrick, R. Y.: lawyer for Senator Benjamin Hill in the Raymond case, 98
Miller, Francis: supports Belva Lockwood and Lydia Hall’s efforts to stand the D.C. bar examination, 81
Minor, Virginia and Francis: authors of “new departure” strategy used by Myra Bradwell, 40
Mississippi Valley Conference, 154
Morgan, John H., 96
Morrison, Judge Robert: decision in Foltz v. Hoge and stay of order, 114–15
Motley, Constance Baker: lawyer and first African American woman judge, 209
Mott, Lucretia: activist, xiii, 3
at Seneca Falls, 5
Murphy, Barney: supports Clara Foltz’s woman lawyer’s bill, 109–10