31. S. V. Henkels, The Extraordinary Library of Hon. Samuel W. Penny-packer, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1905–1909), lot 442 1/2, lists an octavo edition of Gulliver’s Travels (London, 1727) owned by George Washington.
32. T.J. to Philip Mazzei, April 24, 1796, Papers, 29: 82.
33. Bernard, Retrospections, 238.
Chapter 30: The Vice President and the Printed Word
1. T.J. to the American Philosophical Society, January 28, 1797, Papers, 29: 276.
2. Charles Thomson to T.J., March 9, 1782, Papers, 6: 163.
3. T.J. to Charles Thomson, December 20, 1781, Papers, 6: 142.
4. T.J. to David Rittenhouse, July 3, 1796, Papers, 29: 138.
5. T.J. to Elbridge Gerry, May 13, 1797, Papers, 29: 362.
6. Volney to T.J., December 26, 1796, Papers, 29: 229; T.J. to Volney, January 8, 1797, Papers, 29: 258.
7. T.J. to Benjamin Rush, January 22, 1797, Papers, 29: 275.
8. Ibid.
9. “Memoir on the Megalonyx,” Papers, 29: 295.
10. Ibid.
11. T.J. to James Madison, January 30, 1797, Papers, 29: 281.
12. “Address to the Senate [March 4, 1797],” Papers 29: 310–311.
13. NSV, 275.
14. “Extract and Commentary Printed in the New York Minerva,” May 2, 1797, Papers, 29: 86.
15. T.J. to Samuel Smith, August 22, 1798, Papers, 30: 485–486.
16. Kevin J. Hayes, “Freneau, Philip Morin,” ODNB, 20: 976–977.
17. Michael Durey, “Callender, James Thomson,” ODNB, 9: 550–551.
18. T.J. to James Monroe, July 15, 1802, L&B, 10: 331; T.J. to Abigail Adams, July 22, 1804, AJL, 274.
19. Memorandum Books, 2: 971–986, passim.
20. “The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798,” Papers, 30: 529–535.
21. “Course of Reading for William G. Munford,” Papers, 30: 594–595.
22. T.J. to William G. Munford, February 27, 1799, Papers, 31: 68.
23. Condorcet, Outlines of an Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind (Philadelphia: for M. Carey, H. and P. Rice & Co., J. Ormond, B. F. Bache, and J. Fellows, 1796), 148.
24. Papers, 30: 596–597.
25. T.J. to William G. Munford, June 18, 1799, Papers, 31: 128.
26. T.J. to George Wythe, February 28, 1800, Papers, 31: 400–401.
27. Condorcet, Outlines, 146.
28. George Wythe to T.J., December 7, 1800, Papers, 32: 282.
29. Joseph P. McKerns, “Smith, Samuel Harrison,” ANB, 20: 282–283.
30. First Forty Years, 5–8.
Chapter 31: The First Inaugural Address
1. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, March 6, 1801; First Forty Years, 10, 12.
2. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, March 6, 1801.
3. John Davis, Travels of Four Years and a Half in the United States of America (London: T. Ostell, 1803), 177.
4. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, March 4, 1801; Philadelphia Gazette, March 7, 1801; Margaret Bayard Smith to Susan B. Smith, March 4, 1801, First Forty Years, 26; National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, March 6, 1801.
5. “First Inaugural Address,” in Thomas Jefferson, Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: Library of America, 1984), 492–496. The remaining quotations from this address come from this edition and are not documented separately.
6. Samuel Johnson, The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abbissinia (Edinburgh: for William Creech, 1789), 4.
7. T.J. to Ellen Wayles Randolph, June 29, 1807, Family Letters, 309.
8. T.J. to John Dickinson, March 6, 1801, Washington, 4: 365–366.
9. William Thornton to James Madison, March 16, 1801, Papers of William Thornton, Vol. 1: 1781–1802, ed. C. M. Harris and Daniel Preston (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995), 555.
10. American Citizen and General Advertiser, March 20, 1801; John Marshall to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, March 4, 1801, The Papers of John Marshall, ed. Herbert T. Johnson, Charles T. Cullen, and Charles F. Hobson, 11 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1974–2002), 6: 89–90.
11. Margaret Bayard Smith to Susan B. Smith, March 4, 1801, First Forty Years, 25–26.
12. Ibid., 26.
13. Noble E. Cunningham, The Inaugural Addresses of President Thomas Jefferson, 1801 and 1805 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001), 17–22, provides a good selection of quotations from the contemporary press. Quotations otherwise undocumented in this chapter come from this work.
14. Allan Kline, “The ‘American’ Stanzas in Shelley’s Revolt of Islam: A Source,” Modern Language Notes 70 (1955): 101–103; Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam,” The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed. Edward Dowden (London: Macmillan, 1895), 198.
15. John Orbell, “Baring, Alexander,” ODNB, 3: 815–818.
16. Poulson’s American Daily Advertiser, June 19, 1801; American Citizen, February 17, 1801.
17. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, March 20, 1801.
18. “On President Jefferson’s Speech,” American Mercury, April 2, 1801.
19. Benjamin Rush to T.J., March 12, 1801, Letters of Benjamin Rush, ed. L. H. Butterfield, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1951), 2: 831.
20. Ibid.
21. Margaret Bayard Smith to Susan B. Smith, March 4, 1801, First Forty Years, 26.
22. Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours to T.J., December 17, 1801, Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, 1798–1817, ed. Dumas Malone, trans. Linwood Lehman (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930), 36.
23. Rush to Thomas Jefferson, March 12, 1801, Letters of Benjamin Rush, 2: 831–832.
24. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser, March 6, 1801.
Chapter 32: The Wall of Separation
1. T.J. to Benjamin Rush, September 23, 1800, EG, 320.
2. T.J. to Benjamin Rush, March 24, 1801, Ford, 9: 230–231.
3. T.J. to Moses Robinson, March 23, 1801, EG, 324.
4. Ibid., 324–325.
5. T.J. to Elbridge Gerry, March 29, 1801, Ford, 9: 241–242.
6. Quoted in Bernard, Retrospections, 238.
7. Robert E. Scofield, “Priestley, Joseph,” ODNB, 45: 351–359.
8. T.J. to Joseph Priestley, March 21, 1801, L&B, 10: 228–229.
9. “Tunis: Interesting Account of the Tunisians, and Other People Inhabiting the Coast of Barbary,” Courier of New Hampshire, July 23, 1801.
10. Edwin G. Burrows, “Gallatin, Albert,” ANB, 8: 639–642.
11. Paul David Nelson, “Lincoln, Levi,” ANB, 13: 677–678.
12. William M. Fowler, Jr., “Smith, Robert,” ANB, 20: 276–277.
13. T.J. to William A. Burwell, March 26, 1804, Thomas Jefferson Correspondence: Printed from the Originals in the Collections of William K. Bixby, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford (Boston, 1916), 105.
14. T.J. to Martha Jefferson Randolph, May 28, 1801, Family Letters, 202.
15. Margaret Bayard Smith to Maria Bayard, May 28, 1801, First Forty Years, 29.
16. First Forty Years, 11–12.
17. T.J. to Edmund Bacon, May 13, 1807, Jefferson at Monticello, 66.
18. “Dr. Mitchill’s Letters from Washington, 1801–1813,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 58 (1879): 740–755.
19. Bernard, Retrospections, 176–177.
20. Page Life, “Bernard, John,” ODNB, 5: 431–432; Bernard, Retrospections, 190.
21. Bernard, Retrospections, 239, 232–233.
22. T.J. to Martha Jefferson Randolph, June 25, 1801, Family Letters, 206–207.
23. Samuel Harrison Smith to Mary Ann Smith, July 5, 1801, First Forty Years, 30.
24. Ellen Wayles Randolph to T.J., before November 10, 1801, Family Letters, 212.
25. T.J. to Ellen Wayles Randolph, November 23, 1801, Family Letters, 213–214; Virginia Randolph Trist to an unknown correspondent, May 26, 1839, Randa
ll, 3: 350.
26. Gray, Account, 68; T.J. to Cornelia Jefferson Randolph, June 3, 1811, Family Letters, 401; Virginia Jefferson Randolph to T.J., February 17, 1809, Family Letters, 383; Martha Jefferson Randolph to T.J., November 24, 1808, Family Letters, 361; T.J. to Anne Randolph Bankhead, May 26, 1811; Family Letters, 400.
27. Adele M. Fasick, “Maria Edgeworth,” British Children’s Writers, 1800–1880, ed. Meena Khorana (Detroit, Mich.: Gale, 1996).
28. Virginia J. Trist to an unknown correspondent, May 26, 1839, Randall, 3: 350.
29. This volume survives at the University of Virginia.
30. William H. Peden, Thomas Jefferson: Book-Collector (Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1942), 134.
31. Memorandum Books, 2: 1043, 1227.
32. Ibid., 2: 1064.
33. T.J. to William F. Gray, November 8, 1818, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
34. T.J. to James Madison, November 12, 1801, Ford, 9: 321.
35. T.J. to John Waldo, August 16, 1813, Washington, 6: 184–189.
36. “First Annual Message,” Ford, 9: 321–346. The remaining quotations from this message come from this edition and are not cited separately.
37. Washington National Intelligencer, January 20, 1802.
38. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Thomas Jefferson and the Wall of Separation between Church and State (New York: New York University Press, 2002), 10.
39. “To Messrs. Nehemiah Dodge and Others, a Committee of the Danbury Baptist Association, in the State of Connecticut,” in Thomas Jefferson, Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: Library of America, 1984), 510.
40. T.J. to Levi Lincoln, January 1, 1802, Dreisbach, Thomas Jefferson and the Wall, 43.
41. Samuel Willard, A Compleat Body of Divinity in Two Hundred and Fifty Expository Lectures on the Assembly’s Shorter Catechism (Boston: for B. Eliot and D. Henchman, 1726), 308; Madame Le Prince de Beaumont, Moral Tales (London: for J. Nourse, 1775), 48; Frederick Schiller, Don Carlos: A Tragedy (London: for W. J. and J. Richardson, 1798), 312.
42. Margaret Bayard Smith to Susan Bayard Smith, December 26, 1802, First Forty Years, 34–35.
43. T.J. to Benjamin Rush, April 21, 1803, EG, 331.
44. T.J. to Joseph Priestley, April 9, 1803, EG, 328.
45. “Syllabus of an Estimate of the Merit of the Doctrines of Jesus, Compared with Those of Others,” EG, 332–333.
Chapter 33: “Life of Captain Lewis”
1. Lester J. Cappon, “Who Is the Author of History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark (1814)?” 3WMQ 19 (1962): 257–268.
2. T.J. to Paul Allen, August 5, 1813, Jackson, 584–585.
3. Paul Allen to T.J., August 18, 1813, Jackson, 586.
4. T.J. to Paul Allen, August 18, 1813, Jackson, 586, 593.
5. Nicholas Biddle to T.J., September 28, 1813, Jackson, 594–595.
6. “Life of Captain Lewis,” in Paul Allen, ed., History of the Expedition under the Command of Lewis and Clark, to the Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: Bradford & Inskeep, 1814), 1: vii.
7. Ibid., ix.
8. “Biographical Sketch of Lewis,” Jackson, 593.
9. T.J. to Peter Carr, August 19, 1785, Papers, 8: 407.
10. Nicholas Biddle to T.J., September 28, 1813, Jackson, 595.
11. William R. Manierre II, “Cotton Mather and the Biographical Parallel,” American Quarterly 13 (1961): 153–160.
12. “Jefferson’s Message to Congress,” Jackson, 13.
13. T.J. to Paul Allen, August 18, 1813, Jackson, 590.
14. “Life of Captain Lewis,” Port Folio, n.s. 3, 4 (1814): 132.
15. “Life of Captain Lewis,” History, xiv.
16. Benjamin Rush to Meriwether Lewis, May 17, 1803, Jackson, 50.
17. “Life of Captain Lewis,” History, xvi–xvii.
18. Ibid., xvii–xviii.
19. Ibid., xviii–xix.
20. Dumas Malone, Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805–1809 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 180.
21. “Life of Captain Lewis,” History, xx.
22. Samuel Harrison Smith to Margaret Bayard Smith, July 5, 1803, First Forty Years, 38–39.
23. Thomas Jefferson, An Account of Louisiana: Being an Abstract of Documents, in the Offices of the Departments of State, and of the Treasury (Washington, 1803).
24. “Jefferson to the Osages [no. 126],” Jackson, 199–200; T.J. to Albert Gallatin, July 12, 1804, Jefferson Papers (DLC); T.J. to Robert Smith, July 13, 1804, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
25. “Jefferson to the Osages [no. 127],” Jackson, 200.
26. Ibid.
27. Steven E. Siry, “Burr, Aaron,” ANB, 4: 34–36.
28. Malone, Jefferson the President, 234–237, 256–259.
29. For the fullest account, see Julian P. Boyd, “The Murder of George Wythe,” 3WMQ 12 (1955): 513–542.
30. R. A. Brock, Catalogue of the Choice and Extensive Law and Miscellaneous Library of the Lat Hon. William Green (Richmond: John E. Laughton, Jr., 1880), lot 645.
31. Catalogue of the Rare, Curious and Valuable Library Collected by the Late Hon. Thos. H. Wynne (Richmond: J. Thompson Brown, 1875), lot 816½.
32. Sowerby, no. 4700.
33. William H. Gaines, Jr., Thomas Mann Randolph, Jefferson’s Son-in-Law (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966), 61–63.
34. “Jefferson Annual Message to Congress: Extract from First Draft,” Jackson, 352.
35. “Life of Captain Lewis,” History, xx.
36. Quoted in Dawson A. Phelps, “The Tragic Death of Meriwether Lewis,” 3WMQ 13 (1956): 312.
37. “Life of Captain Lewis,” History, xxi–xxii.
Chapter 34: The President as Patron of Literature
1. Jonathan Brunt to T.J., November 30, 1807, Jefferson Papers (DLC).
2. William Peden, “A Book Peddler Invades Monticello,” 3WMQ 6 (1949): 631–636.
3. The following narrative consists of direct quotations from Jonathan Brunt’s known writings: Few Particulars of the Life of Jonathan Brunt, Junior, Printer and Bookseller (n.p.: Jonathan Brunt, 1797), 2–7; Extracts from Locke’s Essay on the Human Understanding, and Other Writers: Containing a Defence of Natural, Judicial, and Constitutional Rights, on the Principles of Morality, Religion, & Equal Justice, Against the Private and Public Intrigues of Artificial Society (Frankfort, Ky.: J. Brunt, 1804), 21; Rush’s Extracts: Containing the Evidences of Genuine Patriotism, and the Love of Our Country (Cooperstown, N.Y.: E. Phinney, for Jonathan Brunt, 1801), 24, 31–33; The Little Medley: Containing Short Remarks on the Genuine Principles and Exalted Spirit of the Glorious Gospel of the New Testament Also an Account of Some Cases of Personal Domestic Tyranny, Or, Oppression, Properly Called Civil Despotism Likewise, Short Strictures on the Domestic Education of Youth of Both Sexes (Knoxville, Tenn.: written, printed and sold by the bearer hereof, travelling bookseller, 1809), 10, 14.
4. Brunt, Extracts from Locke’s Essay on the Human Understanding, 31.
5. Jonathan Brunt to T.J., October 25, 1802, Jefferson Papers (DLC), reminding T.J. of the pamphlet he had sent the previous year.
6. Ibid.
7. Jonathan Brunt to T.J., November 30, 1807, Jefferson Papers (DLC); Brunt, Little Medley, 12–13.
8. Arthur H. Shaffer, “Burk, John Daly,” Dictionary of Virginia Biography, ed. John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tarter, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, 3 vols. to date (Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1998–), 2: 400–402.
9. See the correspondence between Burk and Jefferson excerpted in Sowerby, no. 464.
10. T.J. to John Burk, June 1, 1805, quoted in Sowerby, no. 464.
11. Ibid.
12. John Burk, The History of Virginia, from Its First Settlement to the Present Day, vol. 1 (Petersburg, Va.: for the author, 1804), i.
13. Louis Hue Girardin, “Prefatory Remarks,” in Skelton Jones and Louis Hue Girardin, The History o
f Virginia (Petersburg, Va.: M. W. Bunnavant, 1816), vi.
14. T.J. to Abiel Holmes, December 7, 1804, quoted in Sowerby, no. 444.
15. Ibid.
16. T.J. to Abiel Holmes, May 9, 1806, quoted in Sowerby, no. 444.
17. Abiel Holmes to T.J., November 9, 1808, quoted in Sowerby, no. 444.
18. T.J. to Charles Thomson, January 11, 1808, quoted in Sowerby, no. 1474.
19. T.J. to Charles Thomson, December 25, 1808, quoted in Sowerby, no. 1474.
20. John W. Wayland, “The Poetical Tastes of Thomas Jefferson,” Sewanee Review 18 (1910): 283–299, provides an excellent overview of these scrapbooks. For a modern, selected edition, see Jonathan Gross, ed., Thomas Jefferson’s Scrapbooks: Poems of Nation, Family, and Romantic Love (Hanover, N.H.: Steerforth Press, 2006).
21. T.J. to Ellen Wayles Randolph, March 4, 1805, Family Letters, 269.
22. T.J. to Ellen Wayles Randolph, March 1, 1807, Family Letters, 296.
23. Ellen Wayles Randolph to T.J., January 29, 1808, Family Letters, 324; T.J. to Ellen Wayles Randolph, February 23, 1808, Family Letters, 329.
24. Gross, Thomas Jefferson’s Scrapbooks, 244.
25. T.J. to John Waldo, August 16, 1813, Washington, 6: 185.
26. Gross, Thomas Jefferson’s Scrapbooks, 366.
27. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, June 15, 1856, Randall, Life, 3: 101.
28. Anne Randolph Bankhead to T.J., November 26, 1808, Family Letters, 365–366.
29. T.J. to Charles Willson Peale, March 10, 1809, Horace W. Sellers, ed., “Letters of Thomas Jefferson to Charles Willson Peale, 1796–1825,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 28 (1904): 318.
30. Thomas Jefferson Randolph to Henry S. Randall, undated, Randall, 3: 673.
31. Noble Cunningham, Jr., “The Diary of Frances Few, 1808–1809,” Journal of Southern History 29 (1963): 351. The punctuation in this quotation has been regularized for clarity.
32. Margaret Bayard Smith to Susan B. Smith, March 1809, First Forty Years, 58.
33. Ibid., 61.
34. John Quincy Adams to Louisa Catherine Adams, March 5, 1809, Writings of John Quincy Adams, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford, 7 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1913–1917), 3: 289.
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