All the Shah’s Men

by Stephen Kinzer

  Supplemental Agreement

  United Kingdom

  United States

  Columbia University

  communism. See also Tudeh (Masses) party

  antiCommunism, United States

  Iran

  Korea

  military power

  Operation Ajax rationale

  United States and

  Communist party, establishment of

  Congo

  constitution and Constitutional Revolution

  drafting of

  failure of

  Cossack Brigade

  Cottam, Richard W.

  coup of 1953. See Operation Ajax

  Ctesiphon

  Cuba

  Curzon, Lord

  Cyrus

  Czechoslovakia

  Daftary, Mohammad

  Danton

  Darbyshire, Norman

  D’Arcy, William Knox

  Darius

  Davidson, R. R.

  De Carlo, Yvonne

  Delhi (India)

  democracy, Iran

  Dewey, Thomas

  Drake, Eric

  Dulles, Allen

  career of

  coup of

  Eisenhower and

  Goiran and

  Mossadegh and

  Dulles, John Foster

  career of

  coup of

  Eden and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax and

  United Kingdom and

  Eden, Anthony

  Egypt

  Eisenhower, Dwight

  CIA and

  Dulles, John Foster and

  election of

  Iran and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax and

  United Kingdom and

  Elamites

  Elizabeth I (queen of England)

  Elkington, Edward

  Emami, Jamal

  embassy hostage crisis. See hostage crisis

  Embry, Major

  Estonia

  Ethiopia

  Euclid

  Export-Import Bank

  Falle, Sam

  Farman Farma, Prince

  Farmanfarmaian, Manucher

  Farouk (king of Egypt)

  farr,

  Farzanegan, Abbas

  fascism, Reza Shah. See also Germany; World War II

  Fateh, Mostafa

  Fatemi, Hussein

  fatwa

  Kashani, Ayatollah Abolqasem

  tobacco industry

  Fedayeen-i-Islam

  Fergusson, Donald

  firmans, Operation Ajax

  Fischer, Michael M. J.

  Foster, John Watson

  France

  Mossadegh and

  Nasir al-Din Shah and

  Franco

  Franks, Oliver

  Fraser, William

  Freemasonry

  free press. See press

  French Revolution

  Funkhouser, Richard

  Furughi, Mohammad Ali

  Gasiorowski, Mark J.

  Genghis Khan

  Germany

  Nasir al-Din Shah and

  Reza Shah and

  Sharogh, Bahram and

  World War I

  Zahedi and

  Gidel, Gilbert

  Gifford, Walter

  Goiran, Roger

  Golshayan, Abbasgholi

  Goode, James F.

  government. See also Majlis (parliament); specific countries

  Iran

  Muzzaffar al-Din Shah

  Nasir al-Din Shah

  Persia

  Reza Shah

  Shiite Muslims

  Grady, Henry

  Greece

  Group of Fifty-Three

  Guatemala

  Guilanshah, Hedayatollah

  Hamas

  financing of

  Hamid Reza

  harem women

  Harriman, W. Averell

  Harris, Owen

  Heiss, Mary Ann

  Henderson, Loy

  Hezbollah

  financing of

  Hitler

  hostage crisis, Iran

  Hungary

  Hussein (caliph)

  Hussein, Saddam

  Imperial Guard

  India

  International Court of Justice (World Court)

  Ionia

  Iran. See also Majlis (parliament); National Front; Tudeh (Masses) party

  Abbas Shah and

  colonial partition of

  communism in

  creation of

  culture of

  Dulles brothers and

  hostage crisis

  Islam

  Islamic Revolution of

  Mohammad Ali Shah and

  Muzzaffar al-Din Shah and

  Nasir al-Din Shah and

  Persian heritage

  petroleum industry

  press

  Qajar dynasty

  Reza Shah and

  Shiite Muslims

  United States and

  Iraq

  Isfahan

  Iskandari, Abbas

  Islam

  Islamic Revolution of Iran,

  Ismail (Safavid leader)

  Israel

  Italy

  Jackson, Basil

  Jafari, Shaban “The Brainless,”

  Jalili, Ali

  Japan

  Jebb, Gladwyn

  Jefferson, Thomas

  Jinnah, Mohammad Ali

  Jones, Alton

  Jordan, Samuel

  Jung, Carl Gustav

  Karbala

  Kashani, Ayatollah Abolqasem

  Kashmir

  Keddie, Nikki R.

  Keyvani, Farouk

  Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali

  Khatami, Mohammad

  Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah

  Khrushchev, Nikita

  Kiani, Ataollah

  Korea

  Kufa

  Kurds, oppression of

  labor strikes, Abadan

  Lambton, Ann K. S.

  Lansing, Robert

  Latvia

  League of Nations

  Lebanon

  Beirut bombing of (1983)

  Leggett, Frederick

  Levy, Walter, J.

  Liaquat Ali Kahn

  Libya

  Lindbergh kidnapping

  Lithuania

  Lockridge, James. See Roosevelt, Kermit

  Louis, William Roger

  Love, Kennett

  Luther, Martin

  Lydia

  Macedon

  MacLean, Fitzroy

  Majlis (parliament)

  Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

  colonialism

  Kashani and

  Mohammad Ali Shah and

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Mossadegh and

  Nasir al-Din Shah and

  National Front

  Reza Shah and

  Tudeh (Masses) party

  United Kingdom

  Makki, Hussein

  Mangano, Silvana

  Man of the Year of 1951 (Time magazine),

  Mansur, Ali

  Mao Zedong

  Marathon, Battle of

  Marxism. See also communism

  nationalism

  Tudeh (Masses) party

  Mason, Alick

  Matine-Daftary, Hedayat

  McClure, Robert

  McGhee, George

  McKinley, William

  media. See press

  Mesopotamia

  Middle East, colonialism

  Middleton, George

  military

  Iran

  Operation Ajax

  MI6. See Secret Intelligence Service (MI U.K.)

  mob violence

  modernization

  Reza Shah and

  Tudeh (Masses) party

  Mohammad (prophet)

  Mohammad Ali Shah

  Mohamm
ad Reza Shah,

  Anglo-Iranian Oil Company nationalization law signed

  army and

  Ashraf, Princess and

  assassination attempt on

  death of

  dictatorial style of

  Dulles, Allen and

  Fatemi and

  flight of

  Harriman and

  Kashani and

  Khomeini and

  lifestyle of

  Majlis (parliament) and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax and

  personality of

  Qavam and

  Rashidian, Asadollah and

  return of

  Roosevelt, Kermit and

  Tudeh party and

  United Kingdom and

  United States and

  Zahedi and

  Mongols

  Montesquieu

  Morrison, Herbert

  Mossadegh, Ali

  Mossadegh, Gholan-Hussein

  Mossadegh, Mahmoud

  Mossadegh, Majid

  Mossadegh, Mohammad

  Acheson and

  achievements of

  Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) nationalized by

  Anglo-Persian Agreement

  burial of

  career of

  Churchill and

  CIA and

  death of

  descendants of

  dismissal of

  Dulles, Allen and

  Egypt and

  Eisenhower and

  failures of

  Harriman and

  health of

  Henderson and

  imprisonment and house arrest of

  Kashani and

  Khomeini and

  legacy of

  MI6 and

  mob violence

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Nasiri and

  National Front

  Operation Ajax

  personality of

  popularity and influence of

  prime minister

  resignation of

  surrender of

  tributes to

  Truman and

  Tudeh party and

  United Kingdom and

  United Nations and

  United States and

  World Court and

  Zahedi and

  Mountbattan, Earl

  Muniz, Joo Carlos

  Mussolini, Benito

  Muzzaffar al-Din Shah

  Nadir Shah

  Nahas Pasha

  Nasir al-Din Shah

  Nasiri, Nematollah

  National Front

  National Iranian Oil Company

  Netherlands

  Nicholas II (czar of Russia)

  Nicholson, Harold

  Nixon, Richard

  Northcroft, E. G. D.

  nuclear weapons, Soviet Union

  Office of Strategic Services (OSS). See also Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

  Dulles, Allen and

  Roosevelt, Kermit and

  oil. See petroleum

  Operation Ajax

  costs of

  Dulles brothers

  failure of

  historical assessments of

  impact of

  Iranian press

  opposition to

  planning for

  second effort

  tactics of

  Ottoman Empire

  Pahlavi dynasty. See also Mohammad Reza Shah; Reza Shah

  Paine, Thomas

  Pakistan

  parliament. See Majlis (parliament)

  Pars

  Peacock Throne

  Perron, Ernest

  Persepolis, Persia

  Persia, history of

  Persian Gulf War

  petroleum. See also Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

  Iran

  Muzzaffar al-Din Shah and

  United Kingdom

  United States

  Philby, Kim

  Philip II (king of Spain)

  Plato

  Poland

  police, Operation Ajax

  Portugal

  Potsdam Conference

  press

  CIA and

  firmans and

  Iran

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax

  Reza Shah and

  United Kingdom

  United States

  Ptolemy

  Qajar dynasty

  Qavam, Ahmad

  Qom

  Radio Tehran

  Rashidian, Asadollah

  Rashidian, Qodratollah

  Rashidian, Seyfollah

  Rashidian brothers

  careers of

  CIA and

  family of

  Roosevelt, Kermit and

  Razmara, Ali

  Reston, James

  Reuter, Baron Julius de

  Reynolds, George

  Reza Khan. See Reza Shah

  Reza Shah

  Riahi, Taqi

  riots. See mob violence

  Robespierre

  Rolin, Henri

  Roosevelt, Franklin D.

  Roosevelt, Kermit

  career of

  departure of

  Eisenhower and

  firmans and

  MI6 and

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Operation Ajax (first effort)

  Operation Ajax (second effort)

  Rashidian brothers and

  Zahedi, Fazlollah and

  Roosevelt, Theodore

  Rose Mary (tanker)

  Rousseau

  Rumi, Jelaluddin

  Russia. See also Soviet Union

  democracy

  Iran and

  Iran partition

  Russian Revolution

  Rustam (Persian commander)

  Saed, Mohammad

  Safavid dynasty

  Saheb, Ali Reza

  Saleh, Allahyar

  Sardis

  Sassanians

  Saudi Arabia

  marines attacked in

  Savak (secret police)

  Schirach, Baldur von

  Schwarzkopf, H. Norman, Jr., Persian Gulf War

  Schwarzkopf, H. Norman, Sr.

  Azerbaijan

  Operation Ajax

  World War II

  Schwind, Don

  Secret Intelligence Service (MI U.K.). See also Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

  CIA and

  Iranian network of

  Operation Ajax and

  payments by

  Roosevelt, Kermit and

  Zahedi and

  secular reformers, clerics and

  Seddon, Richard

  Seljuk Turks

  Shahnameh (epic)

  Shahnaz, Princess

  sharia (Islamic law)

  Sharogh, Bahram

  Shepherd, Francis

  Shiite Muslims

  government

  Iran

  Mossadegh and

  Shinwell, Emanuel

  Shirazi, Sheik

  Shuster, Morgan

  Sinclair, John

  Smith, Howard K.

  Smith, Walter Bedell “Beedle,”

  smoking. See Tobacco Revolt (1891)

  socialism

  Somalia

  Soraya, Empress

  Soviet Union. See also Russia

  Azerbaijan and

  Iran and

  Mossadegh and

  nuclear weapons

  Operation Ajax and

  United States and

  World War II

  Stalin

  Stokes, Richard

  Strang, William

  strikes. See labor strikes

  sugar prices

  Sullivan & Cromwell (law firm)

  Sunni Muslims, Islam

  Supplemental Agreement

  Switzerland, Mossadegh in

  Tabatabai, Allamah

  Tabatabai, Sayyed Zia

  Tahmasibi, Khalil
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  Takrousta, Abolfathi

  Taliban movement

  Taqizadeh, Hasan

  terrorism

  Iran

  Islamic Revolution of

  Reza Shah

  Thermopylae

  Thrace

  Tierney, Gene

  Time magazine

  Tobacco Revolt (1891)

  Toilers party

  Truman, Harry

  Acheson and

  CIA and

  Henderson and

  Iran and

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax opposed by

  United Kingdom and

  Tudeh (Masses) party

  Azerbaijan

  banning of

  founding of

  MI6 and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax

  power of

  Qavam and

  Turkey

  United Kingdom. See also Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; Secret Intelligence Service (MI U.K.)

  Boer War

  colonialism

  coup of

  Eisenhower and

  embargo by

  Harriman and

  Iran and

  Iran partition

  Majlis (parliament) and

  military intervention threatened by

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Mossadegh and

  Muzzaffar al-Din Shah and

  Nasir al-Din Shah and

  Operation Ajax and

  petroleum

  Reza Khan and

  Reza Shah and

  United Nations and

  United States and

  World Court and

  World War II

  Zahedi and

  United Nations

  Korea

  Mossadegh and

  United Kingdom and

  United States. See also Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Operation Ajax

  Aramco

  communist threat

  Iran and

  Iran hostage crisis

  Korea

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax

  petroleum industry

  press

  United Kingdom and

  United Nations and

  Vietnam

  Waller, John

  Walters, Vernon

  Wilber, Donald

  Wilson, Charles

  Wilson, Woodrow

  Wisner, Frank

  Woodhouse, Christopher Montague “Monty,”

  World Court. See International Court of Justice (World Court)

  World Trade Center tragedy

  World War I

  World War II

  Iran

  OSS

  Reza Shah and

  Zahedi

  Xerxes

  Yazdi, Ibrahim

  Younger, Kenneth

  Yugoslavia

  Zaehner, Robin

  Zahedi, Ardeshir

  Zahedi, Fazlollah

  CIA payments to

  death of

  firman,

  installation of

  Kashani and

  military and

  Mohammad Reza Shah and

  Mossadegh and

  Operation Ajax

  Roosevelt, Kermit and

  United Kingdom and

  United States and

  Zarathustra

  Zia, Sayyed

  Zoroastrian faith