Explorers of the Nile: The Triumph and Tragedy of a Great Victorian Adventure

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Explorers of the Nile: The Triumph and Tragedy of a Great Victorian Adventure Page 54

by Tim Jeal


  massacre, 32-4, 255, 282

  Nyanza, renamed Victoria Nyanza by Speke, 126; see Victoria, Lake

  Nyasa (Malawi), Lake, 28, 83, 128, 209, 211, 248, 362

  and L. Tanganyika, 200

  Nyasaland (Malawi), 4, 331

  Nyoro people, 228, 410; see also Bunyoro

  Obbo people, 41, 222, 398

  Obote, Milton, 410-11, 411

  Ogaden caravan, 50, 53

  Ogowé, River, 198, 353

  Okello, General Tito, 415

  Oliphant, Laurence, 62, 114, 115, 198, 201-2, 208

  Omdurman, Battle of, 389-91, 390, 394

  Osman Digna, 388, 389

  ‘Our Great African Travellers’ (Stanley), 91

  Outram, Brigadier James, 43, 45-6

  Oxford, Univ. of, 37, 348, 398

  Owen, T. R. H., 405

  pack animals, 13, 73, 75, 81, 181, 216, 248, 335

  Paez, Pedro, 2

  Palmerston, Lord, 128, 190, 385, 426

  Park, Mungo, death, 8, 72, 312, 423

  Parke, Dr Thomas, 318, 369

  Parry, Elizabeth (mother of Stanley), 257, 260, 261

  Pasley, Capt. T. M. S., 360-2

  Patterson, J. H., 420

  People of the Small Arrow (J. H Driberg), 400

  Pera (steamship), 190

  Peters, Dr Karl, 6, 347, 359, 363, 366, 370, 374

  treaty with Mwanga, 376

  Petherick, John, 123-4, 153-5, 163, 166, 170, 172-5, 183

  accusation of slave trading, 184, 194

  arrives late at Gondokoro, 184

  failure to succour Speke & Grant, 185, 195

  shoots Dinka, 185, 216

  Speke’s row with, 183-8, 194-5

  Petherick, Katherine, 186-7, 194

  Pike, Alice (fiancée of Stanley), 2956, 296, 323, 324

  Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah (R. F. Burton), 56

  Pitt, William, 59

  Playfair, Colonel R. L., 49, 189

  Pocock, Edward, 296, 298

  death, 423

  Pocock, Frank, 296, 298, 318

  death, 321, 423

  Portal, Sir Gerald, 382 porters: cameraderie, 96

  deaths, 18, 22, 40, 79, 105, 134, 173, 298, 319, 320, 349, 369, 422

  desertions, 3, 7, 9, 18, 22, 73, 129, 131, 138, 173, 236, 246, 249, 250-1, 265-6, 295, 311, 336, 369

  illnesses, 133, 235, 265, 286

  indispensable to explorers, 7-8, 297, 300, 319-20, 422-3

  Johanna, 249

  Manyema, 372

  Nasik, 248, 249

  Nyamwezi, 73, 129, 131, 374

  Nyoro, 233

  and payment, 110, 117, 119-20, 121, 216

  Swahili, 419

  thefts, 7, 73, 129, 249, 250, 282

  Wangwana, 128, 130, 132, 136, 137, 166, 189, 266, 319, 348, 372, 422; see also individual porters

  Porto, Silva, 428

  Portugal, 15, 319, 321, 324, 429, 434; see also slave trade

  Prempeh, exiled, 431

  Price, Roger, 331

  Prideaux, Capt. W. F., 293

  Prinz Adalbert, SMS (cruiser), 362

  Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, 273

  Ptolemy, 26, 39, 100

  Punjab War, 126

  ‘Queen Mother’ (namasole of Buganda), 154-5, 156, 157

  Quelimane, 246

  quinine, 8, 155, 172, 224, 236, 243

  Raajok people, 398

  Rahan (porter), 128, 132

  Ramji, Rush, 71, 81, 120, 121

  Rawlinson, General Sir Henry, 280

  Rebmann, Johann (missionary), 39, 65

  rhinoceros, 50, 130, 142, 153

  Rhodesia, 410

  Rigby, Capt. Christopher P., 119, 120, 125, 128, 189, 310

  Rimbaud, Arthur, 4

  Rionga (brother of Kamrasi), 173-4, 225, 226-7, 229, 236-8, 339, 342

  Ripon Falls, 51, 168, 200, 210, 301, 303, 319

  Roberts, Katie Gough, 263, 295

  Roscher, Albrecht (explorer), 128

  death 423

  Rosebery, Lord, 382, 383

  Rosetta, 389

  Rovuma, River, 211, 248, 362

  Rowlands, John, see Stanley, Henry Morton

  Royal Geographical Society, 13, 39, 57

  Royal Navy, 362, 392

  Ruete, Emily; see Salme, Princess

  Ruete, Heinrich, 360, 361

  Ruete, Rudolph, 359, 361-2

  Rukarara, River, 317 (see Kagera, River)

  Rumanika, king of Karagwe, 132, 135, 141-2, 144, 316

  Rusizi, River, 90, 199, 200, 210, 211, 247, 251, 273, 275

  Livingstone & Stanley discover direction of flow, 274

  Russell, Lord John, 190

  Ruvubu, River, 316 (see Kagera, River)

  Ruwenzori Mountains, 318, 377

  Rwanda, 144, 316, 429

  genocide in, 434

  Saat, 215, 217, 222, 236

  Sabaluqua, 388

  Sais, Egypt, 25

  Salim, Muhammad (slave trader), 251

  Salim, Sheikh Said bin (expedition captain), 72, 86, 91, 92, 95, 103, 128, 129, 132

  Salisbury, Lord, 350, 351, 359, 376-7, 378, 381, 382, 384, 387, 392, 420, 421

  Salme, Princess (later Emily Ruete), 359-60, 361-2

  Sarmini, 320

  Sass, Barbara Maria von (Florence Baker), 179-80, 182-3, 214, 217, 221, 242, 243, 338, 340

  ill-health, 228, 230-2, 423; see also Baker’s military expedition to Nile Basin; Luta N’zige Expedition

  Saulez, Capt. Seymour, 355

  Schweinfurth, Dr Georg, 208, 300

  ‘Scramble for Africa’, 4, 9, 343, 351-4, 357-8, 362-3, 374-5, 377, 382-5, 424, 425, 431, 434

  Sekeletu (Kololo chief), 246

  Selim (interpreter), 267, 268, 282

  Selim Bey, 396

  Selim Bimbashi, 40-1

  Semliki, River, as alternative White Nile source, 318

  Seneca, 24

  Sesheke, 246

  Seychelles, 407

  Shaguzi, 210, 228, 229, 231

  Shaka, 415

  Shaw, John, 266, 297

  death, 266, 423

  Shaw, Dr Norton, 39, 57, 106, 109, 112, 114, 118, 119, 124, 125. 193

  Shekka (Bumbireh chief), 305

  Shepheard’s Hotel, 36, 39, 189

  Shiloh, Battle of, 260

  Shiré, River, 200

  Shire Highlands, 28, 280, 331, 332, 429

  Shooa, 225

  Sikh Wars, 46

  Simon (porter), 28

  Simpson, George, 110, 199

  Simpson, John, 412

  Skeet, C. H . L., 402

  slave trade, 6, 15, 51, 246, 324, 342, 394, 428-30

  abolition, 282-3

  Arab-Swahili traders, 7, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 57, 69, 127, 212-13, 250, 253, 254, 267, 311, 331, 369, 386, 408, 427, 428-9

  Baqqara traders, 394

  cannibalism, 22, 313

  Egyptian traders, 428

  European traders, 41

  maltreatment by slavers, 21, 218, 248

  Mambari traders, 425

  Nyamwezi traders, 85, 428

  Nyangwe massacre, 32-4, 255, 282

  Portuguese traders, 28, 425, 428

  Sudanese traders, 428, 430

  traders urge killing of missionaries, 348

  Zanzibar slave market, 15, 67, 283

  Smythe, Edmund, 125

  Snow, Thomas, 203

  Sokoto, 72

  Somali people, 39, 46

  Somaliland Expedition (Burton & Speke), 39, 42, 55, 56, 61

  attacked, 51-3

  Burton accuses Speke of cowardice, 52, 57

  preparation, 42, 43-4, 50

  Speke’s journey to Wadi Nogal, 47-9

  Somerset, 59, 124, 198

  Southampton, 114, 190, 294, 330

  Speke, Ben (brother of John), 119, 244

  Speke, Edward (brother of John), 114

  death, 125

  Speke, Georgina (mother of John), 59, 60

  Sp
eke, John Hanning (Jack), 7, 8, 13, 24, 363, 386, 413, 435

  aggravates Livingstone, 200

  appearance, 45, 180

  arrives in Aden, 44

  attacked by Somalis, 51-3

  attacks Bombay, 146

  awarded Medaille d’Or, 168

  beetle in ear incident, 87-8, 89, 201

  believes Nyanza as Nile source, 99-100, 101-2, 112

  ‘betrayal’ of Burton, 3, 106-9, 111, 115-16

  character, 46, 58, 59-61, 104, 121, 123, 187

  death, 107, 111, 202-3

  discovers L. Victoria, 98-9

  doubts over Nile source discovery, 102, 104, 206

  early life and education, 59

  final letter, 204

  and flow direction of the Rusizi, 200

  funeral, 205-6

  hunting and shooting skills, 46, 74, 130, 205

  illnesses, 74, 77-8, 79, 80, 84, 85, 103-4, 105, 136, 137, 423

  invited to ‘great Nile debate’, 199, 201

  invited to RGS, 112-13

  letter to Murchison, 190

  in love with Meri, 158-62

  mapping error, 118-19

  meets Napoleon III, 198

  memorial in Kensington Gardens, 206, 244

  motivation to explore, 4, 5, 6, 59, 61, 126

  and Petherick, 124, 184-8, 194

  plans for an Anglo-French expedition, 197-8

  publication of journals, 117-18, 123

  relationship with Burton, 54, 57, 62, 93, 104, 125

  RGS expedition proposal, 115

  ‘Scheme for Opening Africa’, 196

  serves in Crimean War, 57

  sexuality, 60, 61, 158-62

  surveying skills, 47, 58, 78-9, 116

  views on Africans, 76, 93

  views on colonialism and trade, 100-1, 127-8, 196-7, 386, 426-7

  views on slavery, 67, 68, 88, 127-8, 427

  writing style, 62, 93, 122-3, 193-4;

  see also Great Lakes Expedition (Burton & Speke);

  Nile Source Expedition (Speke & Grant);

  Somali-land Expedition (Burton & Speke)

  Speke, William (brother of John), 203

  Speke, William (father of John), 59

  Stairs, Lt William, 368, 369

  Stanford, Henry Shelton, 325

  Stanley, Henry Hope, 259

  Stanley, Henry Morton: adopts new name, 259-60, 261-2

  and Alice Pike, 296, 323

  appeal for missionaries, 302, 394, 419

  approached by Leopold’s diplomats, 325

  awarded RGS Gold Medal, 282

  brutality, accusations of, 307, 324

  character, 9, 258-9, 263, 265, 267, 276-7

  convinces Bennett to fund, 263

  denies Welsh origins, 281

  early life, 257-9

  emigrates to America, 259

  engagement, 263

  exaggerates size of expeditions, 264, 297

  expedition to find Livingstone, 264-8

  fights in US Civil War, 260

  idea to find and interview Livingstone, 262

  illnesses, 266, 268, 276

  as journalist, 263, 264, 283

  and Kirk, 264, 279-80, 324

  mapping errors, 300

  maps Semliki River, 318

  meets Livingstone, 268-71

  and mother, 257, 260, 261

  motives to explore, 5, 258-9, 260-1, 262, 277-8, 282, 294-5

  offers to return to Africa refused, 283-4, 324

  relationship with Livingstone, 276-8, 283, 285

  sends support to Livingstone, 285

  sets up trading stations on Congo, 352-3

  vindicates Speke, 315-17

  in Tabora, 267-8

  in Turkey, 261

  in Union Navy, 260

  views on colonialism, 294, 324, 352, 354, 427

  views on slave and ivory trade, 312, 322, 394, 427, 428

  in Zanzibar, 264, 323; see also Emin Pasha Relief Expedition; Nile Source Expedition (Livingstone & Stanley); Stanley’s Trans-Africa Expedition

  Stanley’s Trans-Africa Expedition (1874-7): attacked by Wanyaturu warriors, 298-9

  circumnavigation of L. Victoria, 299-306

  circumnavigation of L. Tanganyika, 308-9

  descends Congo rapids, 9, 320-1

  driven back from L. Albert, 307

  escape from Bumbireh, 304-6

  exploration of Kagera, 308

  follows the Lualuba, 311-13, 315

  pioneers direct route to L. Victoria, 297-9

  pre-emptive strike on Bumbireh, 306-7

  preparations, 295, 296-7

  proves Lualuba to be Upper Congo, 315

  at Ripon Falls, 301

  shot at on Congo, 319

  Stanley Pool, 319, 353, 365, 366

  Steamer Point, Aden, 44

  Steevens, George W., 391

  Steinhaeuser, Dr John, 106

  Stewart, James, 331

  Stocks, Dr John E., 39, 44

  ‘The Stones’, 167, 168; see also Ripon Falls

  Stroyan, Lt William, 44, 51, 53

  Sudan, 24, 198, 303, 307, 348, 376, 384, 387, 395

  ‘Bog barons’, 400

  civil war, 402-3

  British responsibility for fate of southern Sudan, 398-403, 405

  independence (1956), 405

  independence of South Sudan, 405

  southern Sudan and Uganda, 401-2

  Sudan Political Service, 398-9,

  Sudanese Arabs, 336

  Sudd (section of Nile), 1, 24, 40, 335

  Sudi, 371, 372

  Suez, 107, 114, 213

  Canal, 264, 357, 387, 405

  Sulayyan, Hamid bin, 86, 88

  Sumunter (guide), 48, 49

  Susi, Abdullah (Livingstone follower), 8, 18, 27, 254, 268, 285, 290, 291, 292, 293, 423

  Suwarora (Usui chief), 132, 133, 135, 136, 139

  Swinburne, Anthony Bannister, saves Congo for Leopold, 355-7

  Tabora: Livingstone’s supplies arrive, 285

  Stanley in, 266-8; see also Kazeh (earlier name for)

  Tagamoio (slave trader), 33

  Tanga, 363

  Tanganyika, Lake, 8, 17, 70, 83, 206, 210, 246, 247, 362

  altitude, 85

  Burton & Speke arrive at, 84-5

  Burton & Speke’s discovery, 90-1

  and L. Albert, 247, 273

  and L. Nyasa, 200

  Livingstone & Stanley’s voyage to head, 274-5

  and Nile, 295

  Speke crosses, 86-8

  Stanley’s circumnavigation, 308-9

  Stanley suspects as part of Congo’s system, 309

  Tanzania, 316, 363

  Taufika, 335

  Tawfiqia (gunboat), 391

  Tel-el-Kebir, Battle of, 357

  Thomson, Joseph, 348, 363

  Timbuktu, 72

  Times, 123, 191, 192, 213, 281, 321, 342-3, 351, 387

  Speke’s obituary, 206

  Tinné, Alexine, 24

  Tinné, John, 204

  Tippu Tip (Hamid bin Muhammad el-Murebi, slave trader), 251, 308, 311-12, 312, 313, 368, 429, 430

  Togoland, 358

  Toro, 407, 417

  Tsavo man-eaters (lions), 420

  tsetse fly, 3, 13, 81, 222, 235, 248, 265, 286

  Tuareg people, 24

  Tuckey, James, 72

  Tufnell, Capt. H. M., 397

  Tunguro (L. Albert), 373

  al-Turabi, Hassan, 403

  Turkey, 56, 261

  Tutsi people, 132

  Ubangi-Shari, 387

  Uganda, 345, 347, 348, 351, 359, 363, 364, 373, 382, 383, 401

  Acholi dominated army, 409

  as British Protectorate, 384, 406, 410, 419

  economy, 410

  British division of Equatoria, consequences for Uganda, 408-9, 414, 416-18 Emigration Amendment Act, 420

  extended by British, 406, 407-8

  few European settlers, 411

  independence, 410
<
br />   Lord’s Resistance Army, 416-17

  Museveni rule, 415-18

  northern Ugandan tribes, 408-9, 416-18

  Obote rule, 410-12, 414, 415

  and southern Sudan, 401-2

  Uganda People’s Congress, 410

  Uganda Railway, 419-21

  Ugogo, 74, 80, 129

  Ujiji: Burton & Speke in, 84-6, 91-2

  Livingstone in, 252, 255-6

  Stanley meets Livingstone, 268-9, 269, 270-1

  Ukara, 145

  Ukerewe Island, L. Victoria, 98, 99, 101

  Ukerewe, sea of, see Victoria, Lake

  Ukuni, 134, 136

 

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