by Peter Popham
Khrushchev, Nikita 212, 225
Kim (Kipling) 175
King, Martin Luther 116
Kipling, Rudyard 16, 175
Kitty Ba Than 41
Ko Aung 83, 94
Ko Ko (schoolboy witness) 44
Ko Maw 83, 84, 104
Ko Myint Swe 82–3, 84, 94, 158, 237
Koe-chan 240
Koko Gyi 48
Konbaung Dynasty 85, 278
Kyansittha, King 287, 289
Kyaw Soe Lin 352, 356, 358, 359
Kyaw Zaw, Brigadier 229–30
Kyi Maung, U 41, 42, 65–6, 85, 96, 146, 261, 268, 273, 297, 308
arrest 274
meditation practice 295
urges negotiations with SLORC 318–19
Kyoto 239, 241
Kyoto University 26, 238, 239–40
Lady Sri Ram College, Delhi 184–6, 189
League for Democracy and Peace (Provisional) 64
legitimacy 37–8, 287–8
Aung San and 92, 130, 284
and hpoun (spiritual potency) 347
military regime xiv, 58, 146, 284–6, 288, 303, 346, 362, 380
and the sangha 147, 346
Lewis, Norman 52, 95, 173–4, 177, 208, 212
Limbin, Peter 280
Linter, Bertil 31, 36, 42, 45, 55, 61–2, 63, 70–1, 72, 73–4, 76, 101–2, 250–1, 267–8, 271, 301, 330–1, 331
Lives of Others, The (film) 321
London 14, 17, 27, 46, 104, 176, 180, 186, 189–90, 197, 198, 204, 205, 207, 219, 223
Lonely Planet 28, 324
Lorenz, Edward 394
loyal opposition concept 86–7, 91–2
Ma Khin Kyi see Daw Khin Kyi
Ma Thanegi 81–4, 85, 93, 94, 115, 127–8, 144, 146, 191
arrest and imprisonment 158, 245
and author’s expulsion from Burma 396–7
diaries 99, 100–1, 102, 103, 104, 105–14, 116–17, 119, 120, 121, 122–6, 131–44, 151, 154, 156, 157–8, 165, 167–8, 169, 170, 176, 223, 292, 301, 319, 329, 330, 395
joins Suu Kyi’s staff 81–2
rift with Suu Kyi 318–21, 396
temporary help after Suu Kyi’s release 308
“turned” in prison 320–1, 396
Ma Thida 105
Mae Sam Leb 276
Maguire, Mairead 384
Magwe state 94
Mahasi Sayadaw 293
Mahatir Mohamad 347
Mahayana Buddhism 305
malaria 11, 262, 273, 279
Mandalay
British invasion (1885) 7
Fascist Resistance Day demonstrations (1989) 146
monks’ demonstrations (1990) 282–3
protests (1938) 10
public libraries 27, 374
Suu Kyi’s campaign visits (1989) 94, 101, 136
Suu Kyi’s campaign visit (2003) 351–2
taken by Karen insurgents (1948) 177
uprising (1998) 44, 61, 62
Mandalay University shut down (1974) 229
Mandela, Nelson 4, 297
Manerplaw 275, 276–7, 279–81, 389, 391–2
Mao Zedong 10
Marshall, Andrew 386, 387
Martyrs’ Day 33, 40, 53, 149, 152, 164, 245
Martyr’s Day demonstrations (1989) 154–7, 259
Marxism 86, 96, 202
Maung Aye, General 302, 361, 365
Maung Ko, U 253
Maung Maung Khin, Vice Admiral 306
Maung Maung, Dr. 46–7, 51, 56, 58, 63, 64, 69, 70, 72, 284, 285
sacking 78
Maung Phone Maw 30, 31, 146
Maung Thaw Ka 42, 65, 250–1
imprisonment and death 250, 251–2, 326
“Just One Matchstick” 251–2
Maung Tun, Major 126
Maung Zarni, Dr. 38–9, 362
May Oung, U 17YMBA 17
McCarthy, Terry 72–3, 75, 78, 79, 117, 269, 270, 330
meditation 67, 137, 216, 255, 259, 292–6, 304, 311, 346
Mee Ma Ma 256
metta (loving-kindness) 292, 311–14, 351
Mikami, Yoshikazu 240
Military Intelligence 95, 96, 108–9, 155, 251, 261, 288, 302, 309, 320–1, 340, 345, 373, 383
and author’s expulsion from Burma 396–7
raid on 365
military regime/SLORC/SPDC
attempts to persuade Suu Kyi to leave Burma 304–5
Aung Gyi’s suspected deal with 115
blitz on NLD publications 151
blocks Suu Kyi’s campaigning tours (late 1990s) 348–9
brutality and viciousness 26, 31, 37, 254, 283, 328
clean-up campaign 263
command economy disaster 226
Committee for Writing Slogans for Nationals 135
“communist” allegations against Suu Kyi and NLD 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261
complacency 31
concessions over Daw Khin Kyi’s funeral 98
concocts constitutional scheme 371–2
coup (1962) 60, 79–80, 187–8, 202, 284, 323
crackdown on Saffron Revolution (2007) 375, 378–9
crackdown on students and youth (1974) 229
credibility problems 93
Danubya incident (1989) 123–7, 129, 131
“democracy” promises 35, 59, 65, 79, 80, 84, 100, 104, 117, 145, 147, 262, 274–5, 301
in denial about Suu Kyi’s popularity 308
“dialogue” with Suu Kyi (1995) 305–6
disarray amongst ruling triumvirate 359, 361
downplays Depaying massacre 361
economic liberalization 321
factors preventing elimination of Suu Kyi 130
“favors” to Suu Kyi in detention 271–2
formation of SLORC (Sept 1988) 80, 266, 362
forced repatriation of Michael’s housekeepers 328
Frank Trager’s friendly relationship with 211
and general election (1990) 261–3, 265–71
attempts to secure victory 261–3
decree 1/90 274
defeat shock xiv, 158, 266–7, 268–9
evasion over date 117
post-election moratorium 273
pull-back before polling day 265–6
retention of power through “constituent assembly” argument 269–71, 274
and general election (2010)
fixing xiv–xv, 3, 386–7
theft covered by releasing Suu Kyi xvi
impervious to love and truth 314
imprisonments, torture and killings (1989–91) 145, 245, 249–52, 274, 369
improving luck and skill 368
and the international community 117, 263, 304, 338–9, 372–3, 387–8
invalidates Alexander and Kim’s Burmese passports 248
and John Yettaw’s visit to Suu Kyi 383–4
legitimacy xiv, 58, 146, 284–6, 288, 303, 346, 362, 380
marginalization of Aung San 148–9, 164, 258, 284
name change to State Peace and Development Council 334
negotiations with Suu Kyi (around 2003) 339, 347–8, 363–4
nyein-wut-pi-pyar (silent-crouched-crushed-flattened’) requirement 252
popular loathing and disgust for 288–9
renames Burma (1989) 102, 149–50, 285, 346
response to civil disobedience campaign (1989) 151
response to martyrdom commemoration demonstrations (1989) 153–4
response to Martyr’s Day demonstrations (1989) 154–5
response to monks’ demonstrations (1990) 283–4
response to NLD constitution initiative (1996) 324–5
response to social unrest (1974) 226–7
and Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299
response to Thingyan Festival competition (1989) 133–4, 135
response to uprising (1988) 30–1, 33, 45–6, 129–30
appeals for students’ return 93
“Burma Spring” reforms 59–61
declares
martial law 44
Enquiry Commission report 31–2
forcible withdrawal of funds from Myanma Foreign Trade Bank 62, 70
government purge 78–9
Insein Jail prison evacuation 62–3
military crackdown 72–8, 116
stupidity 26
Suu Kyi slurred and threatened 53, 113, 149, 315, 316, 318, 331 338
treatment of U Thant’s corpse 41, 227–9
“Visit Myanmar Year 1996” 317
widening gap with monks 281
Milosevic, Slobodan 394
Min Ko Naing 115, 375
Min lwe, U 83
Mindon, King 87
Mingaladon Airport, Rangoon 246, 337
Moe Hein 156
Mon state 117, 122, 277, 351
monks see sangha
monsoons 33–4
Monywa 353–6
Morland, Martin 37, 60, 62, 72, 131
Mountbatten, Countess 4, 332
Muslims 9, 42, 174, 197, 394
Rohingya refugees repatriated 303
Myanmar Times 340
Mydans, Seth 45, 377
Mying Aung, Brigadier 102, 121, 123, 124, 129
Myint Myint Khin 96, 115
Myint Thein, Brigadier General 384
Myint U, Captain 124, 125, 126
Myitkyina 136, 138
Myo Thein (“Tiger’) 94, 105, 106, 109, 122, 123, 136, 143
Naga tribes 111
Nagia, Kenji 378–9
Naing Aung, Dr. 377
National Coalition Government of The Union of Burma (NCGUB) 275, 280–1
National Convention 310–11, 324, 348, 362–3, 371, 378, 380
National League for Democracy (NLD) 5, 41, 341
arrests, imprisonments and killings 102, 117, 122, 134, 150 153, 154, 249–52, 253, 261, 267–8, 274, 324, 359, 369
Aung Gyi’s resignation 115
bamboo hat symbol 157, 266
basic objectives 86
bombing accusations 154
calendar of martyrdom 152
campaign of civil disobedience 150–1
Central Executive Committee 85, 96, 107, 116, 131, 146, 151, 157, 251, 274, 288, 298, 319, 323
commemoration demonstrations 152–3, 154–5
“communist” accusations 96, 108, 115, 147, 153, 261
constitution initiative 324
current presence 397
de-registered xiii, 369
De Riedmatten’s views on cooperation with the regime 339
factionalism 92–3, 115–17, 111, 122, 369
formation 84–6
fraternity with sangha 147
“Gandhi Declaration” 273–4
and general election (1990)
manifesto 264–5
victory xiv, 158, 266–9, 348, 369
hard line regarding the army 145–6, 318–19
hijacking of calendar 146
informers suspected 396
membership numbers (1989) 117
metta as founding principle 312
and National Convention
pulls out of 311, 315–16, 362–3
signs up to 310
peacock flag 85, 99, 126
political/ethnic alliances 147–8
rebuilding xv, 298
stance on tourism 319, 232
Suu Kyi’s campaign tours 94–5, 100–14, 120–1, 122–7, 131–2, 135–44, 350–6
Thingyan slogan competition 132–5
Than Shwe promises talks 304
see also National Coalition Government of The Union of Burma (NCGUB) 275
NLD-Liberated Areas (NLD-LA) xv, 281
National Unity Party (NUP, formerly BSPP) 85, 113, 147, 261, 265, 372
election defeat 269, 284
Natmauk 9, 149, 398
Ne Win, General (Old Man, Number One) 32, 39, 49, 136, 286, 362
Aung Gyi’s attack on 92
and Burma’s deformation 18, 258, 326
claims legitimacy through Aung San 56, 130, 284–5
closes down Burma’s links to the West 18, 201
complacency 31
compulsory repatriation of Indians 18, 180
coup 60, 79–80, 187–8, 202, 284, 323
death in detention 345
declines Suu Kyi’s invitation to Buddhist
Lent ceremony 311
erratic nature 79
exiles Daw Khin Kyi to Indian ambassadorship 40–1, 179
first public appearance following resignation 146
government purge 78
hostility to U Thant 213
house arrest 345
humiliates U Thant’s corpse 224, 227–9
hypocrisy 206
identification with the army 71
judicial changes 280
“multiparty democracy” declaration 35, 37, 79–80, 262, 274–5, 301
obligatory portraits 38
official hagiography 46–7
plots takeover 178–9
polarizing policies 215
“resignation” speech 35–6, 41, 256
retains control behind the scenes 152, 274
as shadowy background figure 302–3
“shoot to hit” warning 36, 51, 73
spurns bond with monks 147
Suu Kyi challenges and defies 56, 58, 145, 151–2, 257, 296, 369
training in Japan 307
U Nu denounces at UN 225–6
violent rages 152
Nehru, Jawaharlal 38, 90, 180, 186, 187, 189
Nemoto, Kei 281
Nepal 221, 223, 236
New Delhi see Delhi
New Light of Myanmar xiv, 303, 306, 316, 318, 331, 339, 343, 375
New York 210–11, 213–16, 217, 225
New York Times 45, 117, 118, 128, 150, 153, 377
New Yorker 319–20, 322
Nichols, Leo 27, 326
imprisonment and death 326
Nita Yin Yin May 57–8, 131
Non-Aligned Movement 213
nonviolence 3, 14, 77, 95, 116, 145, 150, 153, 370, 378, 388–9, 390–4
Nyo Ohn Myint 47–8, 53–4, 72, 74–5
O’Brien, Harriet 183, 186, 229, 322
Ogata, Sadako 253
Ohtsu, Noriko 231–3, 234, 239, 240–1, 242–1
Olcott, Colonel Henry 217
One Kyat Note scandal 148, 164
Orwell, George 269, 293–4
Otpor (Serbian activist) 393–4
Outrage (Lintner) 251
Oxford 4, 18, 23, 25, 26, 27, 35, 78, 106, 142, 167, 230–6, 248, 301, 305, 328
Oxford University 18, 26, 41, 185, 189–200, 206, 299, 322
Pacific War 307
Packer, James 340
Padaung women 111, 112
Pagan 277, 288, 326, 375
Pakistan 186, 200
dynastic principle 38
Pakokku demonstration (2007) 375
Pallis, Marco 209
Pandita, Sayadaw U 293, 294, 295, 296, 311–12
Panglong Agreement (1947) 14, 104, 107, 177, 278
Pascal Khoo Thwe 61, 76–7
Pasternak Slater, Ann 191–3, 195–6, 197, 199, 200, 204, 205, 230–1, 233, 234, 235, 236, 255
Patrol Boat 103 (Maung Thaw Ka) 250
peacock symbol 85
Pearl Harbor 11
Phekhon 60–1, 76–7
Philippines 38
Phone Maw Journal 60
Pindaya cave pagoda 110
Puppy (Suu Kyi’s dog) 222
Pyitthu Hluttaw (national assembly) 265, 271, 274, 280
“Quit India Movement” 10
Raine, Craig 200
Rangoon 3, 4, 10, 25, 27, 38, 104, 131
25 Tower Lane 149, 163–4, 169, 171, 186, 195
54 University Avenue 5, 34, 41, 49, 53, 72, 74, 83, 84, 97, 98, 114, 154, 171, 223, 246–7, 306, 308–10, 325, 380, 381, 382
Albright visit (1995) 307–8
ballot-rigging (2010) xv
clean-up campaign (1990) 263
decline and fall 173–4, 178
Delhi compared 186–7
Fascist Resistance Day demonstrations (March 1989) 146
fuel price protests (2007) 375
Gandhi Hall 273
Internet cafes 367
Japanese bombing raid (1941) 11
liberated by Allies (1945) 6, 8, 13, 162, 163
Martyr’s Memorial 40
monks’ strike (1990) 283
mood during election campaign (2010) xiii–xiv
nationalist agitation 8–9
new hotels and airport buildings (1995) 337, 338, 339
Peace Walk (2007) 375–6
atrocities 378–9
pre-coup 175, 176
price rise protests (2007) 374
seized by British (1824) 7
Secretariat Building 14
Thingyan Festival competition (1989) 133–5
uprisings and aftermath (1988) 5, 44, 45, 50, 71–7, 100
see also Mingaladon Airport; Shwedagon pagoda
Rangoon City Hall 247
bombing (1989) 154
Rangoon General Hospital 11–12, 15, 27, 30, 34, 51, 67, 75, 250, 326
Rangoon Institute of Medicine 32, 33
Rangoon Institute of Technology 29
Rangoon monastic university 373
Rangoon University 6, 9, 30, 32, 39, 72, 83, 90, 149, 237
Students Union destruction (1962) 152–3, 154
U Thant riots (1974) 227–9
Rausing family 331
Reuters 155
“Revolution of 1300” (1938) 9–10, 15, 43
Revolutionary Council 202, 226
Rewata Dhamma, U 186, 305
Richardson, Hugh 209, 223, 236
River of Lost Footsteps (Thant Myint-U) 4
Rough Guides 324
Roy, Rammohun 17
Ruskin, John 194
Saffron Revolution (2007) 257–8, 283, 374, 375–80, 383
Sagaing division 94, 139–40, 353
sammavaca (right speech) 296
Sanda Win 129
sangha (community of monks) 7, 8, 88
8/8/88 anniversary demonstrations (1990) 282–4
deprived of state patronage 346
loss of royal patrons 294
military regime’s legitimacy tied to 346
moral force 373
Peace Walk (Saffron Revolution, 2007) 257–8, 283, 374, 375–80, 383
relationship to monarchy 285–6
support for Suu Kyi and NLD 108, 147, 281–2
widening gap with junta 281
Saw Maung, General
condolence visit to Suu Kyi 98, 130
effects of Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize 299
failing mental health 286–7
forcible retirement 287, 299
multiparty elections promise 79, 80, 84, 92, 100, 104, 145, 147, 270, 285
nervous breakdown 102, 287, 299, 301
replaces Maung Maung as president 79
Saw Tha Din 278
School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London University 27, 223, 230, 231, 237–8