The Last Empress
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in alliances with Japanese puppet governments, 530
Blue Shirts’ plan for reforming of, 219
Carter ends contact with, 664
Central Executive Committee, 126, 137, 140, 162, 187, 199, 271, 575, 582
Central Party Headquarters, 213
Central Political Committee, 139, 140, 330
Chiang elected leader of, 313
Chiang expelled from, 154, 156
Chiang made head of military by, 187
Ching-kuo made head of, 663
Communists in key positions, 350
Congresses of, 125–26, 137–38, 201, 650, 670
corruption in, 443, 482, 510, 558, 563
financial problems, 157–58
Hurley’s defense of, 513, 514
Liu’s denunciation of, 217–18
loss of popularity of, 518
Military Council of, 140, 350
power struggles in, 133, 135, 139–41, 146, 147, 148, 153, 154, 158, 162–63, 171, 198–99, 229, 239
Supervisory Committee of, 271
2000 election lost by, 671
U.S. embargo on equipment to, 549, 553, 554
Kurile Islands, 515, 516
Kwangsi Clique, 93, 94, 558
Kwantung Army, 93
Ladies’ Home Journal, 113
La Guardia, Fiorello, xv, 429
Lambert, Eleanor, xv, 434, 674
Lampson, Miles, 206
Lanius, Anna, 21, 22
Lansing, Jo, 605
Laos, 622
Lapham, Roger, 558–59
Lary, Diana, 488
Lattimore, Owen, xv, 27n, 324, 329, 365, 413, 437–38, 489, 490, 491
League of Nations, 223–24, 226, 234, 279, 282, 302
Lee, Flora, 678
Lee, Gien-Feng, 678
Lee, James Zee-min, 180n
Lee Teng-hui, xv, 664, 668, 673, 676
Legislative Yuan, 487, 552, 580, 609, 622, 636, 667, 671n
LeHand, Missy, 317n
Lei Chen, 624–25
Leith-Ross, Frederick, 337
Lelyveld, Joseph, 600, 633
Lend-Lease, 203, 362, 363, 366, 368, 371, 372, 375, 395, 399–400, 401, 402, 403, 413, 418, 449, 461, 475, 496, 555, 611–13
Lenin, V. I., 98, 121, 122, 123, 125–26, 147, 210
Leonard, Royal, xv, 264, 269, 283, 287, 289–90
Leong, Karen, 215
leprosy, 319, 327
Lewis, John L., 425
Li, Laura Tyson, 25, 183n, 291, 332, 377, 389, 412n, 572, 647, 649
Li, Mr., 297
Li, Pastor, 18
Li (Naval Forces Bureau director), 139
Liao Chung-kai, 133, 137, 140, 172
Liberty, 305
Li Chen-shen, 201
Lieberman, Henry R., 536
Lien Chan, 671
Life, 304, 331n, 388, 447, 487, 557
Li Li-san, xv, 198
Li Ming, 709
Lincoln, Abraham, 48, 52, 618
Lin Shiliang, xv, 459–60
Lin Wei, 387
Lin Yutang, xv, 30, 460
Li Ta-chao, 125, 126
Li Tsung-jen, xv, 188, 201, 482, 558, 569, 570–71, 573, 574, 575, 582, 593
Litvinov, Maxim, 477
Liu, General, 125, 129, 133n, 136, 141
Liu Chen-huan, xvi
Liu Chien-chun, 217–18
Liu Chih, 569
Li Yuan-hung, 53
Llewellyn, Bernard, 27
Lo Cho-ying, 402, 403
Loeb, Robert F., 416, 431, 432
London, Jack, 21
London Daily News, 591
Long March, 237–39, 242–43, 251, 350, 510
Look, 294
Lord, Winston, 673
Los Angeles Times, 438, 664
Louisville, USS, 534
Luce, Clare Boothe, xvi, 332, 364–65, 379, 388, 405, 422, 424, 455, 506, 626
Luce, Henry, xvi, 15n, 304, 309, 331, 332, 364–65, 428, 431n, 447, 487, 555, 578, 629, 680
Luers, William, 674
Lu Hao-dong, 47, 49
Lu Hsun, 322
Lu Ti-ping, 201, 204
Lytton, Lord, 224
McAfee, Mildred, 301–2
Macao, 20
MacArthur, Douglas, xvi, 515, 531, 601, 602, 603, 631
Macauley, Thomas Babington, 102
McCarthy, Joseph, xvi, 518, 557, 578, 579, 730, 731
McCloy, John, 375
McConaughy, Walter, 652
MacDonald, Ramsay, 239
McHugh, James M., xvi, 150, 189, 196, 304, 313, 318, 319–20, 330, 331, 337, 340, 404, 536, 548, 621
McNamara, Robert, 631
McNaughton, Frank, 417
Macon Telegraph, 22
McTyeire, Holland N., xvi, 9–10
McTyeire School, 18–19, 113
Magruder, John, xvi, 366, 372
Malley, Garnet, 290
Manchester Guardian, 149, 420
Manchu (Ch’ing) Dynasty, 31–32, 39, 40, 42, 43, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 60, 84, 87, 88, 89, 104, 129, 192, 201, 213, 227, 321, 482
Manchukuo, 227, 241, 312, 359
Manchuria, China, 31, 42, 43, 59, 76–77, 124, 192, 222, 223, 515, 530, 531, 557
Chiang’s occupation of, 533–35, 548, 549, 554, 558
Communist capture of, 562, 568
Japanese conquest of, 222–27, 247, 331, 510, 517
Soviet desire for and control of, 515, 523, 525–26, 529–30, 533, 541, 557
Mandalay, Burma, 389, 393
mandarins, 28, 73, 84, 103, 203
Mandate of Heaven, 554
Mao Chiang Ching, 637
Mao Fu-Mei, xvi, 88–89, 91, 94, 95n, 175, 245, 349
Mao Tse-tung, 83, 126, 128, 137, 140n, 197, 220, 235, 263, 351, 353, 496, 509, 511, 531, 553, 559n, 570, 656, 662, 663
Chiang’s death and, 656
Chiang’s talks with, 531–33
and Hurley, 512–15
in Long March, 237, 238, 239, 242–43, 251, 350
Nixon’s meeting with, 642
peace terms of, 571, 573, 574
relations with Soviet Union, 599, 640
Republic of China proclaimed by, 581–82
Marco Polo Bridge, 273, 277, 285
Maring (Hendricus Sneevliet), xvi, 84, 122
Marshall, George C., xvi, 371–72, 374, 389, 400, 404, 448, 453, 457–58, 461, 470, 472, 473–74, 493, 494, 497, 519, 520–21, 529, 532, 538, 553, 566, 567, 578, 581n, 601–2
on peace mission to China, 541–44, 547–49, 550–51, 554, 562, 589
Marshall, Katherine, 541, 542, 544–45, 548, 565–66
Marx, Karl, 123
Marxism, 83
Maugham, Somerset, 109
Maupassant, Guy de, 113
Maxwell, Elsa, 424
May Fourth Incident, 80–81
Mays, Herbert, 616
Meet the Press, 609, 620
Meiji emperors, 221
Mencius, 30, 394
merchants, 30, 33, 34, 81, 103, 128–30, 142, 159, 160, 227
Merrill’s Marauders, 493
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 673–74
Mikado, 200
Miles, Milton, 458
Military and Political Institute, 247
Military Bureau of Investigation and Statistics, 313
Military Mission to China, U.S., 372, 376, 513
Military Voice, 92
Miller, Merle, 564
Mills, Emma DeLong, xvi, 25, 66, 67–68, 69, 70–71, 81–83, 100–101, 102–3, 108–9, 110–11, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117–19, 184, 297–98, 300, 301, 302, 303, 308, 354–56, 357–58, 360, 414, 440, 506, 507, 537, 576–77, 603, 604, 605, 606, 617, 619, 620–21, 629–30, 646, 647, 656, 659, 662
awarded Medal for Distinguished Service, 348
in China, 119–20, 121, 130–31
death of, 667
Mindszenty, Jószef Cardinal, 630
Ming Dynasty, 12, 55, 131, 205, 222n, 587
Ming Tombs, 55
Mirand
a decision, 631
missionaries, 6–10, 12–13, 15, 21, 38, 61, 214, 215, 460, 577
Missionary Review of the World, 309
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 542
Mongolia, 59, 61, 124, 222, 525
Monnet, Jean, 336
Monopoly Bureau, 589
Monroe Doctrine, 80
Moore, Elizabeth Luce, 15n, 331, 629
Moore, Roger, 6
Moore Methodist Church, 18
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., xvi, 339, 342, 353, 362, 426, 477, 478, 479, 506, 524, 555, 627n, 708–9
Morgenthau, Robert, 627n
Mountbatten, Louis, xvi, 457–58, 461, 470, 471, 474, 492–93, 494, 519
Mow, P. T., xvi, 285, 611, 612, 613
Mowrer, Edgar Ansel, 324, 566
Mukden, China, 212, 223, 530, 548, 554, 562, 600
Mundt, Karl, 577
Munitions Assignment Board, 457
Munitions Control Board, 377
Mussolini, Benito, 207, 239, 284, 341, 579
Mutual Security Treaty (1954), 643
Nagasaki, Japan, 527
Nanking, China, 54, 55, 59, 81, 150–51, 152, 159, 163, 165, 187, 189, 196, 202, 205–6, 222n, 225, 282, 286, 292–93, 530, 574
Japanese atrocities in, 190, 293–96
Nanking, Treaty of (1842), 34, 150
Napier, Lord, 33
Nation, 113, 321–22
National Assembly, 54, 58, 542–43, 549–50, 558
National Assembly (Taiwan), 609, 610, 613, 641, 667
Nationalists, 345, 349, 350–52, 357, 360, 383–84, 478, 511, 549, 677
corruption in, 384
in defection to Communist Party, 562, 573
in move to Taiwan, 582
U.S. bank reserves of, 579–80
National Military Council, 201
National Opium Suppression Bureau, 343
National Resources Commission, 578
National Review, 103
National Revolutionary Army, 137, 141, 142, 143, 148, 149–50, 152, 165, 183, 187, 188, 189, 192, 194, 251, 272
restructuring of, 200
National Security Act, 665
National Security Law, 667
National Taiwan University, 625
National Women’s League, 674
Nazi Party, 219, 296, 340–41, 357, 371, 437
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, 366
NBC, 592
Nehru, Jawaharlal, xvi, 377, 378, 662
Nepal, 31n
New Fourth Army Incident, 351
New Life Movement, 231–35, 242, 250, 316, 322, 327
New Republic, 114, 422–23
New Shan-chow, xvi, 5–6, 11–12, 19
Newsweek, 494, 626, 654
New York American, 331n
New York Herald, 223
New York Herald Tribune, 307, 422, 500, 533
New York Journal-American, 600
New York News, 432
New York Times, 47, 122, 143, 145, 159–60, 182, 203, 216, 228, 302, 307, 319, 334, 378, 409, 432, 449, 460, 511, 594, 595, 600, 609, 610, 611, 627, 629, 631, 636, 645, 647, 654, 661, 670, 672–73, 678, 679
New York Times Magazine, 305, 395, 460, 536–37
New Youth, 83
Nguyen Van Thieu, 633
Nihilism, 69n
Nine-Power Treaty, 279n, 282
Nixon, Richard, 577, 638–43, 646, 655n
NKVD, 248, 305
North-China Daily News, 130, 346, 560
North-China Herald, 36, 135, 136, 144, 151, 155, 163, 165, 182, 188, 211, 216, 222n, 333, 349
Northern Expedition, 121, 129, 130, 137, 138, 140–43, 144–45, 160, 165, 171, 187–88, 190–91, 195, 198, 203, 205, 314, 373
North Korea, 547, 600, 601
North Vietnam, 641
Oakes, Vanya, 329
Oberlin College (China), 62
Oberlin College (U.S.), 61
Office of Policy Coordination, U.S. (OPC), 602, 603
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 104, 348, 458–59, 495, 602
Office of War Information, 433, 437, 457
Officer’s Moral Endeavor Association, 189–90
One World (Willkie), 407, 460
On War and Peace (Wedemeyer), 508
Open-Door Policy, 43
opium, 32–34, 42, 105–7, 125, 151, 155, 199, 227, 228n, 234, 239, 240, 242, 316, 335, 338, 445
Chiang’s policies on, 343–47, 622–23
Chinese use of in Second Sino-Japanese War, 302, 307
Opium Suppression Bureau, 107, 346, 459
Opium Wars, 34, 35, 36, 39, 43, 150, 202, 205, 221
Orr, John C., 8–9
Oursler, Fulton, xvii, 305, 615
Oursler, Grace, xvii, 615–16
Outer Mongolia, 31n
Outline of History (Wells), 113
Paget, Debra, 580
Pai Chung-hsi, xvii, 201, 571
Palace Museum, 292
Panay, USS, 308
Pan-Green Coalition, 680n
Paoting, China, 281
Park, W. H., 10
Parliament, Chinese, 59, 75, 95
Patterson, A. L., 290–91
Payne, Robert, 212–13, 223, 320, 611
“Peace Preservation Corps,” 589
Peale, Norman Vincent, 675
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, 323, 367, 368, 370, 412, 422, 424n, 447, 477, 546, 673
Pearson, Drew, xvii, 412, 564
Peck, Graham, 407, 457
Peffer, Nathaniel, 460
Peiping Chronicle, 233
Peking (Peiping), 31–32, 34, 42, 43, 48, 54, 55, 61, 76, 80, 81, 82, 109–10, 204, 212, 222, 228, 530, 544, 554, 558, 581n
Peking Gazette, 71
Peng Ming-min, 625
People’s Central Advisory Commission, 665
People’s Liberation Army, 553, 599
People’s Political Council, 350
Pepsi-Cola, 640n–41n
Perry, Matthew, 221
Persia, 344
Pescadore Islands, 42, 604
Philadelphia Enquirer, 620
Philippines, 522, 601
Pinchon Loh, 86
Ping-Pong diplomacy, 640
pirates, 5, 36
Politburo, 198
Port Arthur, 43, 516, 525–26
Potsdam Conference, 526, 531, 601
Pravda, 121n, 248
Presidential Palace, 97
Prohme, Rayna, xvii, 164
Propaganda Department, Chinese, 124, 128, 137, 140n
prostitutes, 42, 81, 91, 125, 199, 247, 280, 316
Public Security Office, 219
Pu-yi, 227
Quebec, Canada, 457–58
Quemoy and Matsu (islands), 595, 596, 618, 620, 666
queues, 50, 51, 89
Rabe, John, 296
railroads, in China, 43, 44, 55, 56, 59, 240, 486, 516, 526, 527, 531, 533, 548, 554, 587
Rajchman, Ludwig “Lulu,” 555
Rape of Nanking, 293–96
Rayburn, Sam, 420
Reader’s Digest, 460, 579, 616, 625
Reagan, Ronald, 642, 673
Record of the Warring States, 89n
Red Army, 236, 271–72, 350
Red Cross, 191, 240, 304, 307–8, 452
Red Gang, 104
Red Guards, 236, 636–37
Reid, Dr., 22
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, U.N., 589
Reorganizationists, 212
Reporter, 555, 556, 557, 577, 578, 579, 580
Republican Party, U.S., 577
Revive China Society, 49, 50
Revolutionary Alliance, 53, 58
“revolutionary bonds,” 50
Revolutionary Forces, 61
Reynold’s Weekly, 456
Ricaud, T. Page, xvii, 6, 16
Ridgway, Matthew, 603
Robertson, Walter S., 532
Rockefeller, John D., 430
Rockefeller, Nelson, 655
Rogers, Cyril, 333, 338
Roosev
elt, Eleanor, 412, 413–14, 416, 417, 418, 419, 423, 424–25, 426, 427, 443, 465, 488n, 496, 507, 679
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 306n, 317, 329, 357, 360, 361, 362, 364, 367, 370, 371, 374, 378, 379, 389, 400, 403, 404, 419, 423, 425, 427, 436, 461, 482, 490, 493, 496, 509, 511–12, 518, 523, 557, 564, 672
aid to China from, 339, 340, 477–78, 479
at Atlantic Conference, 365
at Cairo Conference, 469–71, 473, 474–75
at Casablanca Conference, 415
death of, 523, 524
May-ling’s meeting with, 417–18
May-ling’s U.S. visit arranged by, 412, 413, 435
Stilwell’s meeting on Burma with, 475–76
Stilwell’s removal, 498, 500
at TRIDENT Conference, 447, 449–50, 451
at Yalta Conference, 515–17
Roosevelt, James, 414
Roosevelt, Mrs. Theodore, 223
Roosevelt, Theodore, 22n, 80, 369n
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 306–7, 311
Rusk, Dean, 603, 628, 632, 634
Russia, 32, 43, 89, 130, 283, 291, 398, 400, 414–15, 436
Russo-Japanese War, 21, 43, 89, 130, 221, 516
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 214
St. Louis Star-Times, 566
Sakhalin Islands, 516
Salisbury, Harrison, 647
Salter, Arthur, 535
samurais, 200
Sandburg, Carl, 436
San Francisco Chronicle, 437, 645, 677
San Francisco Conference, 517–18
Sano, Emily, 677
SARS epidemic, 232n
Saturday Evening Post, 113, 499, 616
Scaroni, General, 284
Schaller, Michael, 498
Schools for the Children of the Heroes of the Revolution, 206–8
Schoppa, R. Keith, 558n
Scotland Yard, 51
Scripps Howard, 576, 618
Seagrave, Gordon, 391n
Seagrave, Sterling, 649n
Searles, Wilson, 425–26
Seeckt, Hans von, xvii, 236–37
Selznick, David O., 429, 431n
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 637
Senate Preparedness Subcommittee, 613
Service, John S., xvii, 456, 464, 496–97, 502, 510, 512, 513, 514, 517n, 518, 730
Severeid, Eric, 392
Shanghai, China, 10–11, 13, 19, 20, 34, 35–38, 47, 49, 52, 66, 67, 69, 99, 117
banks in, 155
Bund, 275, 570
Chiang’s move on, 148–53
Chiang’s political terror, 574–75
Ching-kuo’s “economic war,” 560–61
factories and industry, 71–72, 104, 148, 311
foreign concessions, 36, 80, 81, 91, 104–5, 135–36, 150–52, 153, 158, 160, 161–62, 183, 225–26, 227, 276, 278, 286, 287, 294, 345
gangs, 344–45
Japanese attacks, 225–27, 274–75, 276–80, 281, 286–87, 289, 292, 304, 339
liberation from Japan, 530–31
riots, 188
smuggling, 358–59
strike, 149