The Great Illyrian Revolt
Page 33
93.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 112.
94.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 112.
95.Weapons that Made Britain, episode 5:‘Armour.’
96.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 112.
97.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 110.
98.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 111.
99.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 113.
100.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 118; The date of Arminius’birth is based upon Tacitus’description of Arminius’lifespan:‘37 years of life and 12 in power’(Tacitus, The Annals, book 2, chapter 88). If Arminius came to power in 9 AD, the year of the Battle of Teutoburg, and reigned as the leader of the Germanic rebels for twelve years, he would have died in 21 AD. Having lived for thirty-seven years, this means he was born in the year 16 BC. Tacitus, The Annals, book 11, chapter 16 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 203; 2, chapter 9 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 45.
101.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 118.
102.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 113.
103.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 30.
104.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 111.
105.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 30.
106.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 104.
107.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 18.
108.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 31.
109.Lindsay Powell, Germanicus, second edition (Barnsley, Pen & Sword Books, 2016), 4, 7-8, 19-20.
110.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 31-32.
111.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 31.
112.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 31.
113.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 113.
114.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 30.
115.Derek Williams, Romans and Barbarians: Four Views from the Empire’s Edge, 1st Century AD (New York, St Martin’s Press, 1998), 29.
116.Derek Williams, Romans and Barbarians: Four Views from the Empire’s Edge, 1st Century AD (New York, St Martin’s Press, 1998), 31, 45, 50.
117.Derek Williams, Romans and Barbarians: Four Views from the Empire’s Edge, 1st Century AD (New York, St Martin’s Press, 1998), 51-52.
118.Derek Williams, Romans and Barbarians: Four Views from the Empire’s Edge, 1st Century AD (New York, St Martin’s Press, 1998), 52-59.
119.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 30.
120.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 114.
121.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 112, footnote 241. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Velleius_Paterculus/2D*.html#note241; Danijel Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229 BC–AD 68 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010), 150.
122.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 112.
123.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 30.
124.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 112.
Chapter 4: The Tide Turns
1.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 31.
2.Lindsay Powell, Germanicus, second edition (Barnsley, Pen & Sword Books, 2016), 42-43.
3.Academia.edu. ‘Archaeological Traces of the Pannonian Revolt: Evidence and Conjectures’ by Ivan Radman-Livaja and Marko Dizdar (April 2008). http://www.academia.edu/512324/Archaeological_traces_of_the_Pannonia_revolt_evidence_and_conjectures
4.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 32.
5.Peter Michael Swan, The Augustan Succession (New York, Oxford University Press, 2004), 212.
6.Academia.edu. ‘Archaeological Traces of the Pannonian Revolt: Evidence and Conjectures’ by Ivan Radman-Livaja and Marko Dizdar (April 2008). http://www.academia.edu/512324/Archaeological_traces_of_the_Pannonia_revolt_evidence_and_conjectures
7.Academia.edu. ‘Archaeological Traces of the Pannonian Revolt: Evidence and Conjectures’ by Ivan Radman-Livaja and Marko Dizdar (April 2008). http://www.academia.edu/512324/Archaeological_traces_of_the_Pannonian_revolt_evidence_and_conjectures
8.Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, 476–535, Volume 3, second edition (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1896), 184-185.
9.Sextus Aurelius Victor, Epitome de Cesaribus, chapter 41, verse 5. My translation.
10.Zosimus, New History, book 2, chapter 18; Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, 476–535, Volume 3, second edition (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1896), 186.
11.Péter Kovács (2006), ‘The Sebasteion of Aphrodisias and Pannonia.’ Hungarian Polis Studies, 13: 176.
12.Diccionario Universal De Historia Y De Geographica, volume 1 (Andrade, Mexico 1853), 424.
13.Tacitus, The Annals, book 1, chapters 63-70 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 33-37.
14.Nic Fields, The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC–AD 117 (Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 2009), 50-52.
15.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 32.
16.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 32.
17.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 32.
18.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 32.
19.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 32.
20.Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 3, chapter 26 (22).
21.Lindsay Powell, Germanicus, second edition (Barnsley, Pen & Sword Books, 2016), 45.
22.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
23.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
24.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
25.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
26.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
27.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
28.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
29.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34; Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 114.
30.Thomas Smith, Arminius: A history of the German people and of their legal and constitutional customs, from the days of Julius Caesar to the time of Charlemagne (London, James Blackwood, 1861) 86.
31.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 114. The date of the surrender, 3 August 7 AD, is written in the Fasti Antiates (3 August: CIL X 6638 col. II, v. 3. = I2 p. 248).
32.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
33.Sextus Julius Frontinus, Strategems, book 1, chapter 3.
34.Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle, episode 12: ‘Irregular.’
35.Soldiers: A History of Men in Battle, episode 12: ‘Irregular.’
36.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapters 114-115.
Chapter 5: A Long Hard Slog
1.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 34.
2.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
3.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
4.Anthony A. Barrett, Caligula: The Corruption of Power (London, Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001), 82.
5.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 114.
6.Tacitus, The Annals, book 4, chapter 20 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 132.
7.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
8.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 1.
9.Austria Forum. Map of Limes in Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia and Serbia. https://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Eiserner_Vorhang_Slowakei_Ungarn
&n
bsp; 10.A. Deluka, V. Dragcevic and T. Rukavina (2003). ‘Roman Roads in Croatia.’ Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: 734. http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_073_Deluka%20A.pdf
11.A. Deluka, V. Dragcevic and T. Rukavina (2003). ‘Roman Roads in Croatia.’ Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: 737. http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_073_Deluka%20A.pdf
12.A. Deluka, V. Dragcevic and T. Rukavina (2003). ‘Roman Roads in Croatia.’ Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: 739. http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_073_Deluka%20A.pdf
13.A. Deluka, V. Dragcevic and T Rukavina (2003). ‘Roman Roads in Croatia.’ Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: 738. http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_073_Deluka%20A.pdf
14.A. Deluka, V. Dragcevic and T. Rukavina (2003). ‘Roman Roads in Croatia.’ Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: 739. http://www.sedhc.es/biblioteca/actas/CIHC1_073_Deluka%20A.pdf
15.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
16.Henri Hubert, The Greatness and Decline of the Celts (New York, Routledge, 1996), 58.
17.Danube Limes in Croatia. ‘Sotin’. http://limescroatia.eu/sotin-3 Accessed on 19 February 2018.
18.Tacitus, The Annals, book 1, chapters 55-61 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 29-32; Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 4, chapter 3.
19.De Imperatoribus Romanis. Festus, Breviarium, 7. Translated by Thomas M. Banchich and Jennifer A. Meka. Canisius College Translated Texts, Number 2 (Buffalo, Canisius College, 2001). http://www.roman-emperors.org/festus.htm
20.Henri Hubert, The Greatness and Decline of the Celts (New York, Routledge, 1996), 42; Harry Mountain, The Celtic Encyclopedia, volume 1 (Universal Publishers, 1998), 215.
21.Henri Hubert, The Greatness and Decline of the Celts (New York, Routledge, 1996), 58-59.
22.Henri Hubert, The Greatness and Decline of the Celts (New York, Routledge, 1996), 62, 102.
23.Harry Mountain, The Celtic Encyclopedia, volume 1 (Universal Publishers, 1998), 215.
24.Henri Hubert, The Greatness and Decline of the Celts (New York, Routledge, 1996), 88.
25.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
26.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
27.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
28.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
29.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 115.
30.Beckles Wilson, The Life and Letters of James Wolfe (London, William Heinemann, 1909), 469.
31.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 33.
32.Edward Salmon, General Wolfe (London, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd, 1909), 239.
33.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 33.
34.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 55, chapter 33.
Chapter 6: The End of the Road
1.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 1; Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 116.
2.Publius Annius Florus, Epitome, book 2, chapter 25.
3.Danijel Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229 BC–AD 68 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010), 173.
4.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 11; Brill Online Reference Works. ‘Splonum.’ http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/splonum-e1119590?s.num=2&s.au=%22Cabanes%2C+Pierre+(Clermont-Ferrand)%22&s.f.s2_parent_title=Brill%E2%80%99s+New+Pauly Accessed on 19 February 2018.
5.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 11.
6.Konstantin Nossov, Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons (Guilford, The Lyons Press, 2005), 44.
7.Konstantin Nossov, Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons (Guilford, The Lyons Press, 2005), 44.
8.Warrior Challenge, episode 1: ‘Romans’ (PBS, 2003).
9.Konstantin Nossov, Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons (Guilford, The Lyons Press, 2005), 136-141.
10.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 11.
11.Ivan Lovrenovic, Bosnia: A Cultural History (London, Saqi, 2001), 24; Aleksandar Stipčević, The Illyrians: History and Culture. Translated by Stojana Culić Burton (Park Ridge, Noyes Press, 1977), 63.
12.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 11.
13.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 11.
14.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 11.
15.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 12.
16.Sir William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume II (London, John Murray, 1873), 967.
17.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 12.
18.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 116.
19.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 12.
20.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 12.
21.Aleksandar Stipčević, The Illyrians: History and Culture. Translated by Stojana Culić Burton (Park Ridge, Noyes Press, 1977), 64.
22.Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro, volume II (London, John Murray, 1848), 442.
23.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 12.
24.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 12.
25.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 13.
26.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 13.
27.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 13.
28.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 13.
29.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 13.
30.Konstantin Nossov, Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons (Guilford, The Lyons Press, 2005), 44.
31.Polybius, Histories, book 28, chapter 11.
32.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 13.
33.Fred Anderson, Crucible of War (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 355-361.
34.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 14.
35.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 14.
36.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 14.
37.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 14.
38.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 16.
39.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 15.
40.Ivan Lovrenovic, Bosnia: A Cultural History (London, Saqi, 2001), 24; Aleksandar Stipcevic, The Illyrians: History and Culture. Translated by Stojana Culić Burton (Park Ridge, Noyes Press, 1977), 64; National Geographic, Western Balkans Geotourism Map Guide. ‘The Royal City of Vranduk, Bosnia and Herzegovina.’ http://www.balkansgeotourism.travel/content/the-royal-city-of-vranduk-bosnia-and-herzegovina/see26C9365E209209A9A
41.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 15.
42.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 15.
43.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 16.
Chapter 7: The Aftermath
1.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 16.
2. Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 116.
3. Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 116.
4.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 16.
5.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 20.
6.Tacitus, The Annals, book 1, chapters 58 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 31.
7.Tacitus, The Annals, book 2, chapters 44-46, 62-63 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 62-63, 71-72.
8.Cassius Dio, The Roman History, book 56, chapter 17.
9.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 17.
10.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 116.
11.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 17.
12.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 116.
13.Danijel Dzino (2005), Illyrian Policy of Rome in the Late Republic and Early Principate (University of Adelaide), 161. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/37806/10/02whole.pdf
14.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 17.
15.Danijel Dzino (2005), Illyrian Policy of Rome in the Late Republic and Early Principate (University of Adelaide), 156, 166. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/37806/10/02whole.pdf
16.Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 123.
17.Tacitus, The Annals, book 1, chapters 16-30 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 11-18; Gaius Velleius Paterculus, The Roman History, book 2, chapter 125.
18.John Hazel, Who’s Who in the Roman World (London, Routledge, 2002), 100; Tacitus, The Annals, book 1, chapters 51-72 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 27-37; book 2, chapters 1-26 (Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 2004), 42-52.
19.Ovid, Ex Ponto, book 2, poem 1: ‘To Germanicus: The Triumph.’ Translated by A.S. Kline. http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/OvidExPontoBkTwo.htm#_Toc34217665
20.Danijel Dzino (2005), Illyrian Policy of Rome in the Late Republic and Early Principate (University of Adelaide), 161. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/37806/10/02whole.pdf
21.John Wilkes, The Illyrians (Cambridge, Blackwell Publishers Inc., 1995), 215-216; Danijel Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229 BC–AD 68 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010), 163-165.
22.Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, book 3, chapter 37.
23.Danijel Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229 BC–AD 68 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010), 172-173.
24.Danijel Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229 BC–AD 68 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010), 163.
25.Peter Kovacs, A History of Pannonia during the Principate (Bonn, Dr Rudolf Habelt GMBH, 2014), 36.
26.Peter Kovacs, A History of Pannonia during the Principate (Bonn, Dr Rudolf Habelt GMBH, 2014), 44-45; Danijel Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics, 229 BC–AD 68 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010), 162-163; Danijel Dzino (2005), Illyrian Policy of Rome in the Late Republic and Early Principate (University of Adelaide), 164. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/37806/10/02whole.pdf Trismegistos Geo. ‘Ulcirus Mons (Ilica). Bosnia and Herzegovina (Pannonia).’ http://www.trismegistos.org/geo/detail.php?tm=44997. Accessed on 19 February 2018.