The Age of Louis XIV
Page 105
77. Sainte-Beuve, I, 250; Day, Lillian, Ninon, 34.
78. Sévigné, Mme. de, Letters, I, 98, April 1, 1671.
79. Day, Ninon, 141.
80. Parton, Life of Voltaire, I, 133.
81. Saint-Simon, I, 344.
82. Sévigné, I, 105, April 8, 1671; Day, Ninon, 242.
83. Ibid., 80.
84. Saint-Simon, I, 344.
85. Day, 246.
86. Ibid., 185.
87. Saint-Simon, I, 345.
88. Day, 260.
89. Sainte-Beuve, II, 199.
90. Boissier, Mme. de Sévignê, 109.
91. Michelet, V, 118.
92. Bourgeois, Le Grand Siècle, 74.
93. Boulenger, 349.
94. Bourgeois, 77; Guizot, History of France, IV, 587.
95. La Bruyère, Characters, chap. “Of the Gifts of Fortune.”
96. Voltaire, 278.
97. Saint-Simon, II, 11.
98. Fülop-Miller, Power and Secret of the Jesuits, 415.
99. Martin, 1, 172.
100. Ibid., 171.
101. Stirling-Maxwell, Annals of the Artists of Spain, III, 942.
102. Day, Ninon, 163.
103. Cartwright, Madame; A Life of Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, 89.
104. Racine, Oeuvres: Andromaque, Dedication.
105. Michelet, IV, 405.
106. Ibid., V, 158.
107. Cartwright, 371; Voltaire, 284; Martin, 1, 312.
108. Ferval, La Vallière, 67.
109. Ibid., 302.
110. Voltaire, 282.
111. Michelet, IV, 437.
112. Saint-Simon, 1, 391.
113. Boulenger, 192.
114. Cruttwell, Mme. de Maintenon, 29.
115. Ibid., 46.
116. Ibid., 53.
117. Michelet, V, 69; Martin, I, 535.
118. Saint-Amand, Court of Louis XIV, 46.
119. Cruttwell, 89; Martin, I, 530.
120. Boulenger, 195; Michelet, IV, 490; Cruttwell, 118–19.
121. Saint-Simon, 11, 381.
122. Ibid., III, 15.
123. Acton, 236; Ogg, Europe in the 17th Century, 231.
124. Louis XIV, 122–25.
125. Martin, I, 417.
126. Voltaire, 260; Martin, I, 40n.; Ene. Brit., XII, 682c; Acton, 243.
127. Camb. Mod. History, V, 77.
128. Lewis, Splendid Century, 239.
CHAPTER II
1. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 393; Guérard, 186–90.
2. Mesnard, Pascal, 99.
3. Campbell, The Jesuits, 259; Fülop-Miller, 195.
4. Voltaire, 430.
5. Saint-Simon, II, 84.
6. Ibid., Ill, 37.
7. Louis XIV, 119.
8. Ranke, History of the Popes, II, 420.
9. Fülop-Miller, 105.
10. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, I, 74f.
11. Ibid., 83; Beard, Charles, Port Royal, II, 30.
12. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, I, 89.
13. Beard, Charles, I. 30.
14. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, I, 90.
15. Ibid., II, 407n.
16. Beard, C., I, 52.
17. Sainte-Beauve, Port-Royal, I, 94.
18. Pascal, Provincial Letters, Introd., 97, and 421n.
19. Voltaire, 419; Beard, C., I, 260.
20. Pascal, Letters, Introd., 109.
21. Mesnard, Pascal, 12.
22. Mornet, Daniel, Short History of French Literature, 75.
23. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, II, 379; Mesnard, 40.
24. Owen, John, Skeptics of the French Renaissance, 748.
25. Pascal, Pensées, Havet ed. Introd., p. civ.
26. Mesnard, 57.
27. Ibid., 209.
28. Pascal, Pensées, Introd., p. cxxiii.
29. Pascal, Provincial Letters, 197.
30. Ibid., 417.
31. Ibid., 465; Pensées, II, 118.
32. McCabe, Candid History of the Jesuits, 235.
33. Mesnard, 92.
34. Voltaire, 424.
35. In Pascal, Provincial Letters, 127n.
36. Fülop-Miller, 195.
37. Voltaire, 424, 358.
38. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, I, 118.
39. Voltaire, 359.
40. Sainte-Beuve, III, 173f., Beard, C., I, 84.
41. Pascal, Pensées, Introd., xxviii; Mesnard, 137–38.
42. Cf. Rabelais, Book III, Ch. xiii.
43. Pensées, Introd., p. xxv; text, 17bis.
44. Ibid., text, i, 1.
45. Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, 174.
46. Pensées, Everyman’s Library, No. 82.
47. Pensées, Havet ed., Book III, No. 18.
48. Everyman ed., No. 4.
49. Havet ed., XVI, p. 1bis.
50. Ibid., XX, p. 19.
51. Ibid., I, p. 1.
52. Everyman ed., No. 349.
53. Ibid., No. 418.
54. Havet ed., VIII, p. 1.
55. Ibid., II, p. 8.
56. Ibid., VI, p. 51; Everyman ed., No. 451.
57. Havet, IV, p. 1.
58. Ibid., II, pp. 6, 2bis., 3.
59. Everyman, No. 402.
60. Ibid., No. 397; Havet, I, p. 3.
61. Havet, I, p. 6; Everyman, No. 347.
62. Everyman, No. 277.
63. Havet, XXIV, p. 52.
64. Ibid., X, p. 1; Everyman, No. 233.
65. Everyman, No. 233.
66. Havet, II, p. 8.
67. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, II, 508.
68. Havet, IV, 7.
69. Ibid., XIV, 2.
70. Robertson, J. M., Short History of Freethought, II, 124.
71. Owen, 800.
72. Ibid., 775.
73. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, III, 320.
74. Beard, C., II, 75.
75. Provincial Letters, 59.
76. Pensées, Havet, Introd., exit.
77. Beard, C., II, 352.
78. Disraeli, Isaac, Curiosities of Literature, I, 97.
79. Saint-Simon, II, 12.
80. Boulenger, 284.
81. Michelet, V, 298.
82. In Martin, H., I, 231.
83. Lewis, Splendid Century, 108.
84. Sanders, Bossuet, 53.
85. Camb. Mod. History, V, 22.
86. Martin, I, 529.
87. Ibid.
88. Ibid., 532.
89. Michelet, IV, 520.
90. Guizot, History of France, V, 23.
91. Camb. Mod. History, V, 23.
92. Ibid.
93. Boulenger, 263.
94. Martin, I, 552.
95. Ogg, Seventeenth Century, 305.
96. Martin, II, 33.
97. Ibid., 43.
98. Buckle, H. T., History of Civilization, Ib, 492n., quoting Benoist, Élie, Histoire de l’Édit de Nantes (1695), V, 887f.
99. Michelet, IV, 507.
100. Voltaire, 409.
101. Martin, II, 44.
102. Robertson, J. M., II, 142.
103. Saint-Simon, III, 14.
104. Beard, Miriam, 373.
105. Bacon, “Of Unity in Religion,” in Essays.
106. Sanders, Bossuet, 46.
107. Bossuet, Oraisons funèbres et sermons, 69.
108. Ibid., 108.
109. Eccles. xvii, 14.
110. no. Romans XIII, 1.
111. Isaiah xiv, 1.
112. Sanders, 213.
113. Bossuet, in Ogg, 202.
114. Sanders, 260.
115. Buckle, Ib, 569.
116. Faguet, Literary History of France, 446.
117. Michelet, IV, 517.
118. Martin, II, 268.
119. Sanders, 280; Michelet, IV, 412.
120. Fénelon, Télémaque, end of Book IX.
121. Ibid., Book XIII.
122. Faguet, Literary History, 446.
123. Hazard, The European Mind: The Critical Years, 208.
124. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, II, 191.<
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125. Bayle, Philosophical Commentary on . . . “Let Them Come in,” in Robinson, H., Bayle the Sceptic, 73.
126. Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, s.v. “Xénophanes.”
127. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, III, 302.
128. Mornet, Les Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 24.
129. Meyer, R. W., Leibniz and the 17th-Century Revolution, 35.
CHAPTER III
1. Pradel, L’Art au siècle de Louis XIV, 101.
2. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 376.
3. Ibid., 325.
4. Wingfield-Stratford, History of British Civilization, 583.
5. Pradel, 96.
6. Ibid., 99.
7. Boulenger, 365.
8. Fergusson, History of the Modern Styles of Architecture, 236–8.
9. Saint-Simon, I, 186.
10. Martin, II, 212; Blomfield, Three Hundred Years of French Architecture, 86.
11. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
12. Dillon, Glass, 210.
13. Guizot, History of France, IV, 566.
14. Stranahan, History of French Painting, 50.
15. Louvre.
16. Dimier, Louis, Histoire de la peinture française (Paris, 1927), II, 45.
17. Versailles.
18. Benoist, Coysevox, 115; the bust is in the Louvre.
19. Louvre.
20. Louvre.
21. Louvre.
22. Louvre.
23. Louvre.
CHAPTER IV
1. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 258.
2. Palmer, Molière, 46.
3. Mantzius, Karl, History of Theatrical Art, IV, 42.
4. Molière, Le Misanthrope, II, v, 71 if.
5. Lucretius, De rerum natura, iv, 1155f.
6. Martin, I, 160; Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, II, 95–97.
7. Palmer, 59.
8. Voltaire, Life of Molière, in Clark, B. H., Great Short Biographies of the World, 628.
9. Palmer, 147.
10. Les Précieuses ridicules, scene iv, in Molière, Plays, Everyman’s Library ed.
11. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, III, 271.
12. Palmer, 145.
13. Les Précieuses ridicules (Everyman ed.), scene ix.
14. L’École des maris (Everyman), I, i.
15. L’Impromptu de Versailles (Everyman), I, i.
16. L’École des femmes, I, i.
17. L’École des femmes (Everyman) I, i.
18. Critique de l’École des Femmes, vi.
19. Ibid.
20. Michelet, IV, 419.
21. Molière, Théâtre, II, 40.
22. Palmer, 335.
23. Tartuffe (Everyman), I, vi.
24. Ibid., III, ii.
25. III, vii.
26. IV, v.
27. Le Festin de pierre (Everyman), I, i.
28. Ibid., III, i.
29. IV, ii.
30. Palmer, 38of.
31. As in the Everyman’s Library edition.
32. Le Festin de pierre (Everyman), III, i.
33. Garrison, History of Medicine, 296.
34. L’Amour médecin (Everyman), II, v.
35. Palmer, 410.
36. Le Misanthrope (Everyman), II, i.
37. Le Misanthrope, I, i.
38. Ibid., Classiques Larousse ed., 97–98.
39. In Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, II, 126–27.
40. L’Avare, II, vi.
41. Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Everyman), II, iv.
42. Guizot, History of France, IV, 560.
43. Michelet, IV, 421.
44. Le Malade imaginaire (Everyman), III, iii.
45. Edwards, Idols of the French Stage, I, 40.
46. Ibid., 45.
47. Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Everyman), I, i.
48. Critique de l’École des femmes (Everyman), vi.
49. Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, II, 140.
50. Guérard, Life and Death of an Ideal, 204.
CHAPTER V
1. Martin, I, 142; Boulenger, 360; Comb. Mod. History, V, 152; Bourgeois, Le Grand Siècle, 93.
2. Guizot, History of Civilization, II, 231; Hauser, Social History of Art, I, 470.
3. Desnoiresterres, Voltaire et la société française au xviii e siècle, III, 404.
4. Van Laun, History of French Literature, II, 184.
5. Enc. Brit., VI, 441b.
6. Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, II, 293; Brereton, Racine, 29.
7. Racine, Louis, Mémoires sur la vie . . . de Jean Racine, in Racine, Jean, Oeuvres, I, 42.
8. Brereton, 29.
9. Guizot, History of France, IV, 539.
10. Racine, Andromaque, I, iii.
11. Brereton, 154; Martin, I, 170.
12. Suetonius, De vita Caesarum: Divus Titus, VII, 2.
13. Racine, Bérénice, I, v.
14. Desnoiresterres, VI, 96.
15. Guizot, France, IV, 541.
16. Smith, Adam, Theory of Moral Sentiments, I, 255.
17. Racine, Oeuvres, I, 765.
18. Brereton, Racine, 245–52.
19. Ibid., 19.
20. 2 Kings XI; 2 Chronicles XII.
21. Racine, Athalie, IV, iii.
22. Parton, Voltaire, I, 591; Mme. du Deffand, in Strachey, Books and Characters, 99; Guizot, France, IV, 546; Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, VI, 147; Faguet, Dix-septième Siècle, 314.
23. Guizot, France, IV, 548.
24. Racine, Louis, Mémoires, in Racine, Oeuvres, I, p. iii.
25. Saint-Simon, I, 155; Guizot, France, IV, 548–49; Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, VI, 153; Faguet, Dix-septième Siècle, 303.
26. Guizot, IV, 548.
27. Ibid.
28. Racine, L., Mémoires, in Racine, Oeuvres, I, 113.
29. Babbitt, Irving, The Spanish Character, 98.
30. Brereton, 143.
31. Sévigné, Mme. de, Letters, II, 210 (Mar. 16, 1672).
32. Desnoiresterres, VI, 102, 281.
33. Hume, “Of Civil Liberty,” in Essays, 52.
34. La Fontaine, Choix de contes, 15f.
35. Fables, Preface.
36. Rea, Life of . . . Countess of La Fayette, 230.
37. Guizot, IV, 552.
38. Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, II, 148.
39. Guizot, IV, 553.
40. Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, V, 24.
41. Ibid.
42. Faguet, Dix-septième Siècle, 238.
43. Boileau, Satire 1, in Poètes français, VII, 21.
44. Satire IX.
45. Poètes français, VII, 182–85; Enc. Brit., III, 79od.
46. Day, Ninon, 211.
47. Boileau, L’Art poétique, 1, ll. 75–76.
48. Ibid., ll. 171–74.
49. IV, 59–60.
50. IV, 125–26.
51. III, 45–46.
52. III, 391–94.
53. In Fischer, Descartes and His School, 511.
54. Guizot, France, IV, 551.
55. Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, II, 261.
56. Lewis, Splendid Century, 268.
57. Guizot, IV, 519.
58. La Fayette, Mme. de, La Princesse de Clèves, 104.
59. Rea, Countess of La Fayette, 284.
60. Bishop, La Rochefoucauld, 266.
61. Boissier, Mme. de Sévigné, 27.
62. Sévigné, Letters, I, 170 (June 10, 1671).
63. Letter of Jan. 20, 1672.
64. In Boissier, 145.
65. Ibid., 145–47.
66. Letters, Introd., xxxviii.
67. Letter of July 5, 1761.
68. Apr. 8, 1761.
69. Boissier, 201; Sainte-Beuve, Port-Royal, I, 232.
70. Apr. 10, 1671.
71. Guizot, IV, 516.
72. Bishop, La Rochefoucauld, 128.
73. Moral Maxims and Reflections, 84.
74. Ibid., 150.
75. 84.
76. 122.
77. 178.
&
nbsp; 78. 11.
79. 471.
80. 9.
81. 219.
82. 82, 465.
83. In Bishop, 68.
84. Moral Maxims, 15.
85. Ibid., 77.
86. 138.
87. 140.
88. 74.
89. 367.
90. 436.
91. Preface to the first edition.
92. In Bishop, 244.
93. Moral Maxims, 688.
94. Ibid., 70.
95. Ibid., 658–59.
96. In Sainte-Beuve, Seventeenth Century, I, 380.
97. Moral Maxims, 476.
98. Rea, Countess of La Fayette, 265.
99. Sainte-Beuve, loc. cit.
100. Faguet, Dix-septième Siècle, 395.
101. La Bruyère, Characters, p. 273, Ch. xii, 7.
102. Ibid., p. 492, Ch. xii, 7.
103. E.g., Ch. xi, 35, and Ch. xvii, 28, in La Bruyère, pp. 267, 469.
104. Guizot, France, IV, 528.
105. Motteville, Memoirs, I, 150.
106. French text in Fellows and Torrey, The Age of the Enlightenment, 35–39.
107. Hazard, The Critical Years, 127.
108. Saint-Évremond, Letter to de Créqui, in King, J., Science and Rationalism, 26.
109. Frederick II to Voltaire, Sept. 19, 1774, in Voltaire and Frederick the Great, Letters.
110. Lewis, Splendid Century, 282.
111. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 1.
CHAPTER VI
1. A good example in Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
2. Vienna.
3. Dresden.
4. Madrid.
5. Louvre.
6. Wolf, History of Science . . . in the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries, 626.
7. Beard, Miriam, 305.
8. Day, Clive, History of Commerce, 194; Marx, Capital, I, 826.
9. Camb. Mod. History, V, 12.
10. Adam Smith, in Nussbaum, History of Economic Institutions, 72.
11. Clark, G. N., Seventeenth Century, 44.
12. Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Ch. xx.
13. Pepys, Diary, May 14, 1660.
14. Hazard, Critical Years, 93.
15. Graetz, H., History of the Jews, V. 20.
16. Hazard, 88.
17. Vienna.
18. The Hague.
19. New York.
20. Baron Thyssen Collection.
21. The Hague.
22. Mather, F. J., Western European Painting of the Renaissance, 549.
23. Czernin Collection, Vienna.
24. The Hague.
25. Edinburgh.
26. Frick Gallery, New York.
27. London.
28. Dresden.
29. Louvre.
30. New York.
31. Washington.
32. Chicago.
33. Budapest.
34. Frick Gallery.
35. Brussels.
36. Berlin.
37. London.
38. Louvre.
39. The Hague.