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The Age of Louis XIV

Page 113

by Will Durant


  Coustou, Guillaume (1677–1746), 100

  Covenanters, Scottish, 187, 188, 277

  Coventry, Sir John (d. 1682), 250

  Coventry, England, 297

  Cowper, William, physician (1666–1709), 522

  Coypel, Antoine (1661–1722), 98

  Coypel, Noël Nicolas (1690–1734), 98

  Coysevox, Antoine (1640–1720), 88, 99, 100, 101, 162, 717

  Cracow, 373, 424, 465–68, 474

  University of, 371

  Craig, John (fl. 1699), 543

  Creative Evolution (Bergson), 524

  Cremona, Italy, 443

  Crescas, Hasdai (1340–1410), 620, 621, 653

  Crescimbeni, Giovanni Maria (1663–1728), 442

  Crcspi, Giuseppe Maria, “Lo Spagnuolo” (1665–1747), 434

  Crete, 422, 433

  cricket, 275

  crime and punishments, 16–17, 21, 28, 253, 272, 404–5, 453

  Crimea, 370–71, 375

  Cristofori, Bartolommeo (1655–1731), 442

  Critique de l‘École des femmes, La (Molière), 114

  Critique du Vieux Testament (Simon), 626

  Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 667

  Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658), Lord Protector of England (r. 1653–58), 25, 80, 167, 207, 244, 245, 246, 322, 371, 560

  absolutism of, 189, 191, 254, 396, see also dictatorship below; army support, 190–91, 193, 201

  assassination plots, 201

  Catholics, suppression of, 187, 189, 194

  character, 191–92

  and Council of State, 190, 192, 193, 200

  death of, 201–2

  dictatorship of, 183, 184, 185, 189–93, 201, 290, 313, 504

  Dutch Wars, 172–73, 200–1

  foreign trade, 25, 172, 199–200

  France, relations with, 9, 11, 194, 200, 232

  Ireland, 186–87, 201

  Jews, 194, 459–63

  king, ambition to be, 190, 191, 193

  Lord Protector, 191–93

  military leadership, 186–89

  Milton’s championship of, 213, 227–32

  and navy, 172, 200

  and Parliament, 183, 189–93

  passiin; portrait of, 192

  religious issues, 193, 194, 198, 239, 251, see also Catholics, suppression of, above; and Scotland, 188–89

  Spain, relations with, II, 200, 449

  unpopularity of, 189, 201

  Vaudois, appeal for tolerance of, 194, 232, 430

  Cromwell, Richard (1626–1712), 201, 202, 232

  Croy, Prince Carl Eugene de (fl. 1700), 384

  Crozat, Pierre (1661–1740), 87

  Crusade, First, 76

  Cudworth, Ralph (1617–88), 482, 573–75, 578

  Cuenca, Spain, 454

  Cum occasione (papal bull of Urban VIII, 1653), 54

  Custom House, London, 265

  Cuyp, Aelbert (1620–91), 170

  cycloid, quadrature of, 57

  straight line equivalent to, 263

  Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien de (1619–55), 360, 564, 599, 600–2

  Dacier, Anne Lefebvre (1654–1720), 490

  Dahlberg, Count Erik Jönsson (1625–1703), 384 .

  Dahlstierna, Gunno (1661–1709), 368

  Dalkeith, Lady Anne (fl. 1644), 35

  Dalmatia, 425

  Dampier, William (1652–1715), 336, 509

  Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of (1631–1712), 273, 279, 281–82, 289, 295, 296, 299

  Dante Alighicri (1265–1321), 220, 241

  Danzig, 502–3

  Daphne (Handel), 419

  Darmstadt. Hesse, 419

  Darwin, Charles (1809–82), 523, 540

  Das wohltemperine Clavier (Bach), 34

  Dauphin of France (1661–1711), see Louis, “Le Grand Dauphin”

  Dauphiné, province of, 44, 73, 430

  Davcnant, Sir William (1606–68), 234, 267, 322

  David, King of Judah and Israel, 610, 612

  Davis, Moll (fl. 1663), 248

  De anima (Aristotle), 667*

  Decker, Paul, artist (17th cent.), 419

  Declaration of Breda (1660), 205

  Declaration of Independence (America, 1776), 583

  Declaration of the Rights of Man (France, 1789), 583

  Declarations of Indulgence, 210, 239, 278, 292, 293

  Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Gibbon), 161

  Defoe, Daniel (1659?–1731), 307, 311, 313, 335–38, 339, 509, 617

  quoted on child labor, 257

  on plague (1665), 261

  on education for women, 487–88

  on quack doctors, 525

  Defontaine, Julien, goldsmith (17th cent.), 95

  De Intellectus Emendatione (Spinoza), 623–24

  deism and deists, 85, 251, 327, 546, 566–71, 599

  Delft, Holland, 168, 169, 170

  Delisle, Joseph Nicolas (1688–1768), 403

  Delmedigo, Joseph Solomon (1591–1655), 474

  Delorme, Marion (1611–50), 38

  De Magnete (Gilbert), 537

  Demidov, Nikita (1665?–after 1720), 400

  Democritus (fl. c. 420 B.C.), 654, 670

  Demosthenes (385?–322 B.C.), 162

  De Motu Corporum (Newton), 539

  Denain, battle of (1712), 713, 717

  Denham, Sir John (1615–69), 264, 265

  Denham, Lady (fl. 1666), 269

  Denmark, 43, 103, 179, 365

  in coalitions and war against Sweden, 175, 365, 367, 368, 369, 374, 383, 384, 387, 389

  Lund treaty (1679) and 20-year peace with Sweden, 368

  in 1st Grand Alliance (1689), 693

  in War of Spanish Succession, 702, 706, 708

  Dennis, John (1657–1734), 340

  dentistry, 527

  Derby, England, 197

  De Re diplomatica (Mabillon), 490

  De rerum natura (Lucretius), 106

  De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (Copernicus), 539, 617

  Derham, William (1657–1735), 513

  Derry, 348, 596

  bishop of (John Bramhall), 560

  Desargues, Gérard (1593–1662), 496, 499

  Descartes, René (1596–1650), 29, 52, 55, 66, 145, 161, 166, 177, 374

  and Bayle, 605

  and Bekker, 659

  and English literature, 312

  and Fontenelle, 617

  and La Bruyère, 160

  and Leibniz, 661, 669

  and Locke, 576

  and Malebranche, 602, 604, 605

  and Pascal, 55, 511

  and Spinoza, 621, 623, 625, 641, 643, 646, 654

  portraits of, 98, 632

  WORK IN: astronomy, 617

  —vortices hypothesis, 537, 541, 542, 547, 618

  mathematics, 499, 528, 529

  philosophy, 672, 680, 681

  —cosmic mechanism, 78, 529, 566, 567, 573

  —geometrical method, 529, 636, 654

  —proof of God, 160

  —religious implications, 567, 573, 585, 598–99, 659

  physics, 510, 511, 513, 675

  physiology, 145, 524

  psychology, 553, 562, 585, 669

  Desjardins, Martin (d. 1694), 100

  Desportes, Alexandre François (1661–1743), 98

  determinism, see free will

  Detroit, French colony, 26

  De Veritate (Herbert of Cherbury), 567

  Devonshire, William Cavendish, 1st Duke and 4th Earl of (1640–1707), 296, 562

  Devonshire, William Cavendish, 2d Earl of (1591?–1628), 548

  Devonshire, 3d Earl of (fl. 1630), 549, 561

  Dialogues des Morts (Fontenelle), 82, 615–16

  Dictionnaire historique et critique (Bayle), 608–13, 673

  Dictionnaire philosophique (Voltaire), 613

  Diderot, Denis (1713–84), 23, 69, 563, 587, 593, 601, 609, 613, 614, 656

  Dientzenhofer, Christoph (1655–1722), 418

  Dientzenhofer, Johann (1665–1726), 418
>
  Dientzenhofer, Kilian Ignaz (1689–1751), 418

  Digby, Sir Kenelm (1603–65), 518

  Digressions sur les Anciens et les Modernes (Fontenelle), 616

  Dijon, Parlement of, 75

  Dingley, Mrs. Robert (fl. 1701–28), 348, 361

  Diogo da Assumção (1579–1603), 455

  Discours (Corneille), 131

  Discours de la méthode (Descartes), 532, 599

  Discourse of Freethinking (Collins), 570

  Discourse on the Grounds and Reason of the Christian Religion (Collins), 571

  Discourses Concerning Government (A. Sidney), 286

  Discours sur les passions de l’amour (Pascal), 58

  Discours sur l’histoire universelle (Bossuet), 78

  Dissenters, 194

  and Declarations of Indulgence, 210, 278, 292

  dogmatism of, 254

  and James II, 285, 289, 291–92

  persecution of, 194, 209–10, 252, 256, 285, 292, 301, 336, 589

  Dissertation on the Epistles of Phalaris (Bent-ley), 491,-92

  divorce, 38, 185, 195, 222–24, 237–38, 242, 248, 272

  Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, The (Milton), 222–23, 224

  Dolci, Carlo (1616–86), 434, 436

  Dôle, siege of (1668), 43

  Dominicans, religious order, 468

  Don Garcie (Molière), 110

  Don Juan, ou Le Festin de Pierre (Molière), 118–20, 129

  Dorsetshire, 290, 296

  Dort (Dordrecht), 166, 172, 173

  Synod of (1682), 167

  Dou, Gerard (1613–75), 168*

  Douai, France, 42, 43, 164, 714

  Double Dealer, The (Congreve), 319

  Dover, 206

  Treaty of (1670), 36, 175, 277–78, 281, 283, 300

  dragonnades, 71–72, 296, 607, 687

  Drake, Sir Francis (1545?–96), 172, 200

  Drapier, M. B. (pseudonym of Jonathan Swift), 357

  Dresden, Saxony, 382, 406, 415, 418, 419

  dress, 27, 31, 102, 194, 273–74, 374, 398, 456

  Drogheda, Countess of (fl. 1675), 316

  Drurie, John (fl. 1654), 230

  Drury Lane Theatre (King’s Company), London, 249, 314, 322, 343, 345

  Dryden, John (1631–1700), 131, 148, 243, 250, 275, 312, 321–28, 347, 505*, 529–30

  Kneller portrait of, 266

  and opera, 267, 268

  and Restoration drama, 314, 315, 318, 319, 321

  in Royal Society, 496

  Du Bartas, Guillaume (1544–90), 212

  Dublin, 186, 187, 338, 346, 348, 356, 357, 360–61, 568

  Du Cange, Charles du Fresne, Sieur (1610–88), 490

  Du Châtelet, Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise (1706–49), 487

  Du Chayla, Abbé (d. 1702), 73

  Duclos, Charles Pinot (1704–1772?), 719

  dueling, 16, 270, 272, 339–40

  Dufresnoy, Charles, painter, 98

  Duisberg, University of, 486

  Duke of York’s Company (theatrical troupe), 314

  Dunbar, Scotland, 188

  Duncannon, Ireland, 186

  Dunciad, The (Pope), 492

  Dunes, Battle of the (1658), 11, 200

  Dungeness, England, 172

  Dunkirk, 11, 200, 244, 276, 504, 713, 715

  Du Parc, Thérèse de Gorla (d. 1668), 107, 134, 137, 140

  Durham, University of, 486

  Dutch East India Company, 166, 381

  Dutch Republic, see United Provinces

  Dutch Wars (1652–54, 1664–67, 1672–78), 172, 174, 200, 276, 278–79, 286, 315, 460

  Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean, “M. de Saint-Cyran” (1581–1643), 53, 54, 60, 96

  Du Verney, Joseph Guichard (1648–1730), 495

  Dvina river, 375, 402

  Dykvelt, Everhard van (fl. 1687), 295

  East India Company, 201, 259

  East Indies, 25–26, 172, 458

  East Jersey colony, 255

  East Prussia, duchy of, 367, 412

  Ecclesiastical Commission Court, see Court of Commission for Ecclesiastical Causes

  ecclesiastical courts, English (1661), 253

  École des femmes (Molière), 316

  École des maris (Molière), 316

  École Illustre, Rotterdam, 605

  Edict of Nantes, see Nantes, Edict of Edinburgh, 188

  education, 23, 217–18, 403, 484–90, 529, 565

  Edwards, Jonathan (1703–58), 597

  Effner, Joseph, architect (17th cent.), 418

  Egypt, 661

  Eikon Basilike (Gauden), 183, 227

  Eikonoklastes (Milton), 184, 227, 233

  Einstein, Albert, 536,* 547

  Eisenach, 420

  Eisenstadt, Austria, 426

  Elbe river, 411, 412

  electricity, 514–15

  Elements of Law, Natural and Politique (Hobbes), 549

  Elements of Philosophy (Hobbes), 560

  Elijah del Medigo (1463–98), 474

  Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans: 1819–80), 657

  Elizabeth I, Queen of England (r. 1558–1603), 224, 268, 290, 460, 563

  Elizabeth (Elizabeth Stuart), Electress Consort of Frederick V of the Palatinate (1596–1662), 415, 439

  Elizabeth, Princess Palatine (1618–80), 439

  Elizabeth Petrovna, Empress of Russia (r. 1741–62), 405

  Ellwood, Thomas (1639–1714), 235

  Elstow, England, 208

  Encyclopaedia Britannica, 687*

  encyclopedia of arts and crafts, sponsored by Colbert, 23

  Encyclopédie (Diderot, d’Alembert, et al.), 588, 609, 613, 614, 619

  England: anarchy in (1660), 203–4

  army (Commonwealth), 183, 190–93

  passim, 202, 203

  army (Restoration), 244–45, 246, 272–273, 282, 283, 290, 291, 297, 309–10

  art and music, 263–68 (see also architecture; literature; music; painting; sculpture)

  Cabal ministry, 277, 279, 576

  colonies, 200, 253, 259, 311, 577, 690, 713, 714, 715 (see also colonies by name)

  commerce, see merchant marine and foreign trade below; Commonwealth (1649–60), 183–206

  Council of State, 183, 184, 189–93

  passim, 226, 227, 229, 230, 233 (see also Privy Council below)

  crime, 253, 272

  economic conditions, 257–63, 277, 303, 304

  education, 485–87

  financial policies, 244, 259, 277, 304, 461, 699

  and France, 11, 36, 175, 200–1, 273, 276, 277–78, 286, 290, 291, 296, 304–11

  passim, 330, 692, 693, 694, 699–705

  passim, 710–11, 713, 714

  in Grand Alliance (1689, 1701), 693, 699, 700, 703, 705

  industrial growth (1660–1702), 257, 258

  Instrument of Government (1653), 191, 192

  and Ireland, 186–87, 302–3, 693

  Jews in, see Jews, England

  labor, conditions of, 166, 257–58, 303

  manners in, 273–76

  merchant marine and foreign trade, 172, 199–200, 258–259, 299, 448, 470, 504, 690, 700, 704, 714, 715

  morality, 195, 268–73, 306, 315, 343 (see also adultery)

  navy, 164, 171–72, 174, 176, 179–180, 200, 244, 276, 333, 335, 517–18, 693, 694, 704, 706, 707, 710

  political parties, 279 (see also Tories; Whigs)

  population, 3, 257

  and Portugal, 259, 446

  Privy Council, 277, 280–84, 289, 290, 293, 294, 299, 300, 301, 307, 310

  Protectorate (1653–58), 191–202, 229–234

  public discontent and rioting, 184–85, 192, 201, 203, 228, 246, 252

  rebellions, 183, 185–89, 192, 203, 289–90, 295–97, 302–3, 693 (see also Civil Wars, English)

  religious issues, see Anglican Church, Catholics in England, Dissenters, Presbyterians, and Puritans; republican radicals in, 184–85, 192, 201, 227, 246, 285, 565–66

  Restorat
ion, 204–6, 232–35, 240, 242, 243, 244–87

  royalists (under Commonwealth), 183, 184, 185, 191, 192, 205, 233, 234, 246, 329, 549, 566

  and Scotland, 187–89, 308, 311

  socialist revolt, 183–85

  and Spain, 11, 200, 205, 244, 279, 296, 446, 448, 449, 700–15

  passim, succession controversies, 282–87

  passim, 295–300, 310–11, 705

  superstition and belief in witches, 481, 482

  Sweden, relations with, 367, 389

  taxation, 192–93, 201, 288, 304

  United Kingdom (from 1707), 308, 311

  and United Provinces, 167, 175, 199–200, 205, 295, 367, 460, 692,-699, 704, 705, 713, 714 (see also wars against the Dutch, below)

  War of Spanish Succession, 706–15

  wars against the Dutch (1652–1654, 1664–67, 1672–74), 164, 172–79

  passim, 259, 262, 270, 276–79, 286, 333

  see also Glorious Revolution; Parliament, English

  English Courant, The (daily newspaper), 313

  Englishman, The (periodical), 337

  Enlightenment, French, 75, 162, 307, 571, 597, 598, 614, 656

  Bayle and, 604, 605, 609, 613

  Leibniz and, 679, 680, 681

  Locke’s influence on, 588, 667, 669

  German (Aufklärung), 485, 656, 660

  entomology, 521

  Epcrnon, Bernard, Due d’ (1592–1662), 106

  Epicurus (342?–270 B.C.), 161, 570, 600, 607, 612, 645, 680

  Epistles (Boileau), 147

  Epistola ad Millium (Bentley), 490

  Epistola de Tolerantia (Locke), 578–79, 589, 613

  “Epitaph” (Milton), 213

  Erasmus Desiderius (1466?–1536), 570, 609, 612

  Erfurt, 420

  Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (r. 1692–1698), 415

  Errore innocente, L’ (Scarlatti), 445

  Escorial, 436–37, 451

  Esperança de Israel (Manassch ben Israel), 459

  Espinosa, Diego Cardinal d’, 620

  Espinosa, Spain, 620

  Essais de Théodicée (Leibniz), 673–75

  Essay concerning Human Understanding (Locke), 311, 563, 568, 578, 579, 583–88, 594, 667

  Essay on Criticism (Pope), 148, 271

  Essay on Projects (Defoe), 336

  Essay on Satire (Mulgrave), 324

  Essays (Montaigne), 299

  Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth (Woodward), 507

  Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, An (Berkeley), 593

  Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of (1631–83), 285, 286

  Essex, Robert Devereux, 2d Earl of (1566–1601), 460

  Este, house of, 663

  Esterházy, Prince Pál (1635–1713), 426

  Esther (Racine), 140–41, 142, 151, 376

  Esthonia, 369, 390

  Ethics (Spinoza), 623, 624, 625, 632–33, 635, 636–50

  passim, 653, 655, 656, 657

  etiquette and protocol, 28, 32, 163

 

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