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George Washington

Page 75

by David O. Stewart


  City Tavern, 188, 194, 202, 303

  Clark, George Rogers, 366

  Clarke, Gedney, 26–27

  Clinton, George, 274, 313, 359, 382

  Clinton, Henry, 253, 256, 257–58, 258, 262–63, 266, 268

  Clymer, George, 338

  Coercive Acts, 181–85, 191

  Commissary General’s Office, 226–27

  Committee on Propositions and Grievances, 117, 135, 139

  Compromise of 1790, 340–44, 416, 514n24

  Concord, Massachusetts, 199

  Congress. See Congress of the Confederation (1781–1789); First Continental Congress (1774); Second Continental Congress (1775–1781); United States Congress (1789–present)

  Congress Hall (Philadelphia), 346, 357, 373

  Congress of the Confederation (1781–1789)

  and Constitutional Convention, 294, 302–3

  and Jay’s background, 376

  and lack of federal powers, 274

  and peace negotiations, 273

  and postwar economic challenges, 289–90, 290–91

  and postwar geopolitical challenges, 292

  and Potomac navigation project, 284

  and ratification of the Constitution, 305–6, 309, 310

  and soldier pay and pensions, 268–72, 282

  Washington’s arrival, 297–98

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 297–99

  and Washington’s resignation from command, 275–76

  Constitutional Convention

  and appointment powers, 502n15

  and Bank of the United States debate, 347

  and incorporation powers, 516n16

  and Jackson, 337

  and monarchical presidency, 506n51

  and regional interests, 322

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 509n5

  and Shays Rebellion, 293–95

  and slavery issue, 405

  and style of American presidency, 315–16

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 10, 391

  and Washington’s inaugural address, 314

  Washington’s influence, 297–304, 501n13

  See also Unites States Constitution

  Continental Army, 10, 152, 204–7, 207–8, 343, 403, 416. See also specific battles; specific units and persons

  Conway, Thomas, xiv, 231–35, 236–37, 237–39, 249, 266, 486n37

  Conway Cabal, 232–35, 237–39, 248, 270, 359, 374, 485n24

  Cornwallis, Charles, 267

  Costin, Will, 532n4

  Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville, Joseph, 42–43, 46–47, 436n3, 437n4, 437n8

  courts-martial, 78, 85–86, 226, 265, 481n17

  Coxe, Tench, 338, 513n13

  Craik, James, 285

  biographical sketch of, xiv

  and Conway Cabal, 231–32, 234

  and Indian tale on Washington, 66

  and Potomac navigation project, 284–85

  and Washington’s death, 410–12, 531n1

  and Washington’s illness while president, 324

  and Washington’s land acquisitions, 163, 469n22

  and Washington’s military ties, 122

  Crawford, William, 162, 163, 164, 167, 466n1

  Creek Indians, 325, 367

  currency crises, 138–39, 146–48, 166, 290, 299, 460n16, 469n1

  Custis, Daniel Parke, 115, 120

  Custis, Eleanor (Nelly), 281, 282

  Custis, George Washington Parke, 281

  Custis, John (Jacky) Parke

  biographical sketch of, xiv

  children of, 281–82

  death, 268, 492n4

  education, 158, 176

  engagement and marriage, 175–76, 178–79

  and family life at Mount Vernon, 118

  and family portraits, 173

  lands and estates, 147, 176

  and remarriage of mother, 90

  and sister’s death, 176–77

  and Virginia Convention, 184

  and Washington’s appointment to army command, 207

  Washington’s frustrations with, 123, 175

  Washington’s guardianship of, 114–15

  Custis, Martha. See Washington, Martha Dandridge

  Custis, Patsy, 90, 114–15, 122, 158, 170, 173, 176–79, 235, 268

  Dagworthy, Thomas, 70, 73, 76–77, 83

  Dana, Francis, 236, 243–44, 245

  Dandridge, Bartholomew, 413

  Deane, Silas, 189–90

  Declaration of Independence, 220, 242

  Declaration of Rights and Grievances, 145

  Defoe, Daniel, 19

  Delaware, 403

  Delaware Indians, 54, 79, 433n13

  democratic societies, 367, 369, 372, 373, 382, 520n8

  desertions, 41, 49, 69, 71, 73, 78, 85–86, 235–36, 256. See also mutinies

  Dick, Elisha, 411, 531n1

  Dickinson, John, 156, 170, 192, 197, 200, 470n7, 475n24

  Dinwiddie, Robert

  background, 29

  and Battle of Fort Necessity, 41, 43–44, 47

  biographical sketch of, xiv

  and Braddock expedition, 49–50, 63–64

  and currency shortage in Virginia, 71

  and Forks of the Ohio campaign, 33–34, 36, 37–40

  and Indian alliances, 30–31, 85

  and Indian raids on frontier, 67–68, 70, 76, 79

  interest in western lands, 28

  and land grants, 466n1, 468n21

  and Logstown conference, 31

  and military appointments, 452n12

  military orders to Washington, 438n32

  and patronage appointments, 452n12

  and problems with Virginia Regiment, 73, 76, 78, 448n10

  and resistance to Coercive Acts, 181

  title and responsibilities, 432n28

  and veterans’ land claims, 138, 161–62, 164, 468n21

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 6, 32, 53, 92, 390

  Washington’s conflict with, 82–88, 97, 102–3, 107, 211

  and Washington’s conflict with Dagworthy, 74–75

  Dismal Swamp Company. See Great Dismal Swamp project

  “dower” slaves, 406, 413–14, 532n4

  Duane, James, 187, 191

  Duer, William, 338, 513n17, 527n19

  Dunbar, Louise Burnham, 506n51

  Dunbar, Thomas, 62, 63–64

  Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 164, 176–77, 181, 184, 198–99, 403

  Duportail, Louis, 221, 222

  dysentery, 3–4, 6–7, 8, 58–59, 88, 92, 106

  East India Company, 180–81

  Ellicott, Andrew, 343

  emancipation, 358, 403–6, 407–8, 413–15, 530n20

  Embrey Dam, 427n14

  “emissions” (currency), 139, 460n16

  enumerated powers, 347, 349–50

  excise taxes, 346, 360, 368–70

  Executive Council (Virginia)

  and character of Williamsburg, 115

  and complexity of land grants, 161

  and currency crises, 139, 166–67

  and Dinwiddie’s background, 29

  and Forks of the Ohio campaign, 33, 36, 436n13

  and Fort Duquesne campaign, 49, 50

  and Robinson scandal, 147

  and Washington’s command of Virginia Regiment, 68

  and Washington’s land acquisitions, 162, 163, 469n22

  and Washington’s legislative efforts, 135

  and Washington’s quarrel with Dinwiddie, 82

  Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Q. (Quintus), 221

  Fairfax, Anne, 108. See also Washington, Anne Fairfax

/>   Fairfax, Bryan

  biographical sketch of, xiv–xv

  and Fairfax Resolves, 183–85

  and fox hunting, 155

  and military strategizing at Mount Vernon, 200

  and patronage appointments, 452n12

  Washington as godfather to, 456n12

  Washington’s correspondence with, 255

  and Washington’s death, 412

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 121

  Fairfax, Ferdinando, xv, 407, 456n12

  Fairfax, George William

  biographical sketch of, xv

  church service of, 150, 464n5

  and Fairfax Resolves, 183

  and land surveying, 22–23

  move to England, 4, 173–74, 178

  and repairs at Mount Vernon, 108

  and resistance to Coercive Acts, 182

  and Virginia militia forces, 67

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 6, 71–73

  Washington’s correspondence with, 203, 283

  and Washington’s land acquisitions, 162

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 105–6, 121, 154–55

  Fairfax, Sarah (Sally) Cary

  biographical sketch of, xv

  marriage, 23

  move to England, 173, 178

  Washington’s correspondence with, 105–9, 453n3, 453n6, 454n9

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 121, 155

  Fairfax, Thomas, Lord

  biographical sketch of, xv

  and Braddock expedition, 50

  and fox hunting, 21, 465n4

  land holdings, 21–23, 24–25, 98, 174, 428n5

  political influence of, 118

  and Virginia militia forces, 67

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 6, 108

  and Washington’s formative years, 19–21

  and Washington’s personal finances, 53

  Fairfax, William (“Colonel Fairfax”)

  and Barbados connections, 26–27

  and Battle of Fort Necessity, 47

  biographical sketch of, xv

  and Braddock expedition, 55

  daughter’s marriage, 18

  death, 86

  and Forks of the Ohio campaign, 33, 40

  and patronage appointments, 452n12

  and Stephen’s military career, 38

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 6, 64, 92, 108, 390

  and Washington’s childhood, 5

  Washington’s correspondence with, 49

  and Washington’s family background, 16, 429n7

  and Washington’s formative years, 19–20

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 105, 174

  and Washington’s surveying work, 22, 24, 430n3

  Fairfax County, Virginia, 150–51, 167, 170, 196, 199–200, 463n4

  Fairfax County Court, 244, 368

  Fairfax Resolves, 183–85, 188, 193, 211–12, 402, 463n4, 477n7

  Farquhar, George, 157

  Fauchet, Jean Antoine Joseph, xv, 380–81, 381–83, 523n22

  Fauntleroy, Elizabeth, 31–32

  Fauquier, Francis

  and economic conflicts with Britain, 139–40

  and Forbes’s expedition, 97, 101

  influence in Virginia politics, 116

  and Proclamation of 1763, 138

  and resistance to the Stamp Act, 141, 144, 146, 166

  and Robinson scandal, 147

  and soldier pay and pensions, 135

  and Virginia’s currency shortage, 460n16

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 109, 117

  Federal Hall (New York City), 313, 313

  Federalist Papers, 306, 347, 349, 368, 503n6

  Federalists, 307, 358, 378, 388, 400

  Ferry Farm, 16–17, 19, 21, 24, 33, 80, 124, 158–59, 427n14, 428n6

  First Continental Congress (1774), 11, 185, 187–94, 197–98, 402

  fishery resources, 126–27, 197

  Flexner, James Thomas, 516n2, 517n8

  Folsom, Nathaniel, 487n19

  Forbes, John, 92–93, 94–97, 96, 101–3, 106, 210–11

  Forbes’s Road, 57

  Forks of the Ohio

  and Battle of Fort Necessity, 41–48

  and bounty lands granted to soldier, 162

  British control of, 102–3

  early French incursions, 32

  and Forbes’s expedition, 92–93, 94–97, 100–101, 103–4

  and land grants to soldiers, 431n12

  and military logistical challenges, 37–40

  and site of French forts, 436n14

  and Washington’s correspondence to governors, 436n13

  and Washington’s first military engagements, 33, 37

  See also Battle of Monongahela; Fort Duquesne

  Fort Cumberland, 55–57, 70, 73, 76–77, 82, 85, 447n1

  Fort Duquesne

  and Braddock expedition, 55–58

  and Forbes’s expedition, 92–93, 94–97, 100–104

  preparations for British attack, 49–51

  strategic significance of, 7, 79, 83, 85–86

  and Virginia’s frontier fort strategy, 79

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 7, 9, 99, 109

  Fort George, 275

  Fort Le Boeuf, 34

  Fort Loudon, 85–86, 87–88, 98

  Fort Necessity, 41–50, 53, 56, 84, 92, 104, 135–36, 162–63, 210–11

  Fort Pitt, 104

  Fort Ticonderoga, 203, 205

  fox hunting, 21, 155, 465n4

  Franklin, Benjamin

  and Braddock expedition, 53–54, 55

  and Constitutional Convention, 297, 299, 301, 502n25

  and correspondence styles, 109

  on divisions within the colonies, 188

  and First Continental Congress, 391

  on Loudon, 84

  on monarchical presidency, 315

  and political pamphleteering, 156

  return from England, 201

  and Second Continental Congress, 202

  and social life in Philadelphia, 301–2

  and Steuben, 249

  Washington’s consultations with, 75

  and Washington’s inauguration, 315

  and Washington’s land acquisitions, 163

  Frederick County, Virginia, 72–73, 97–98, 135, 138, 149, 451n15

  Frederick II, King of Prussia, 248, 251

  Fredericksburg, Virginia, 15–16

  French and Indian War, 104, 146, 188, 205, 266, 297. See also specific battles and campaigns

  French neutrality crisis, 362–65

  French Revolution, 11, 360

  French West Indies, 375

  friendly fire incidents, 59–60, 481n17

  Fry, Joshua, 38, 40

  Gage, Thomas, 53, 59, 93, 180–81, 190, 193, 197–99

  Gale, George, 344

  Gallatin, Albert, 369

  Galloway, Joseph, 188, 191–92, 475n24

  gambling, 25, 157, 228–29, 430n8

  Gardoqui, Diego de, 291, 376

  Gates, Horatio

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 261, 264, 266

  biographical sketch of, xv

  and Braddock expedition, 53

  and British southern strategy, 267

  and Conway Cabal, 230–39, 247

  and early battles of the Revolution, 221

  and military strategizing, 196, 200, 251

  and Potomac navigation project, 286

  and Saratoga victory, 230–31, 233, 238, 244, 248

  and soldier pay and pensions, 270–72

  and Valley Forge, 24
3–44, 251

  and Washington’s resignation from command, 276

  Gay, John, 157

  General Assembly (Virginia), 37–38, 67, 69, 77, 92, 166, 498n35

  Genêt, Edmond-Charles

  biographical sketch of, xvi

  and conflict over American neutrality, 369, 379, 382, 391

  and Democratic Societies, 367, 369, 382, 520n8

  and diplomatic norms, 519n12

  and French neutrality crisis, 362–65

  replacement as minister, 380, 519n13

  and Spanish invasion scheme, 366–67, 371, 519n22

  Gentleman’s Magazine, The, 36

  George II, King of Great Britain, 43, 117, 135

  George III, King of Great Britain

  and Jay Treaty, 384

  and land rush in western frontier, 161

  Lee’s criticisms of, 205

  and Northwest Territory conflict, 375

  and onset of Revolution, 144–45, 180–81, 197, 203

  and peace negotiations, 270

  and Proclamation of 1763, 138

  and Virginia’s currency crisis, 167

  Georgia, 187, 197–98, 330, 335, 403, 405

  Germantown, Pennsylvania, 330–32, 337. See also Battle of Germantown

  Gerry, Elbridge, 242, 243, 303

  Gist, Christopher, xvi, 30, 33–36, 41, 56, 431n12

  Graham, Catharine Macaulay, 328

  Grand Banks, 197

  Grand Council of the American colonies, 191

  Gray, Davy, 132

  Great Dismal Swamp project, 161–62, 167, 461n27, 466n1

  Great Kanawha River, 162

  Green, Charles, 4, 108

  Greene, Nathanael

  background, 220–21

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 262–63, 264, 266

  biographical sketch of, xvi

  and British military strategy, 258–59, 267–68

  and conclusion of Revolution, 275

  and Constitutional Convention, 294

  and Conway Cabal, 233, 235, 238

  death, 497n20, 500n28

  and military appointments of Washington, 257, 453n15

  and postwar economic challenges, 291

  quartermaster appointment, 246

  and Society of the Cincinnati, 497n20

  and Valley Forge, 224–25, 228, 241, 246

  Washington’s correspondence with, 268

  Gunn, James, 324

  Hamilton, Alexander

  and assumption-of-debt debate, 332–34, 515n31

  and Bank of the United States debate, 346, 348–50

  biographical sketch of, xvi

  and British evacuation of Philadelphia, 259

  and Compromise of 1790, 338–40

  and conclusion of Revolution, 275

  conflict with Burke, 512n3

 

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