Havana Nocturne

by T. J. English

  Acosta, Leonardo. Cubano Be, Cubano Bop: One Hundred Years of Jazz in Cuba. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003.

  Anderson, Jon Lee. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. New York: Grove Press, 1997.

  Argote-Freyre, Frank. Fulgencio Batista: From Revolutionary to Strongman. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006.

  Asbury, Herbert. Sucker’s Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1938.

  Atkins, Ace. White Shadow. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 2006.

  Bardach, Ann Louise. Cuba Confidential: Love and Vengeance in Miami and Havana. New York: Random House, 2002.

  Batista, Fulgencio. Cuba Betrayed. New York: Vantage, 1962.

  ———. The Growth and Decline of the Cuban Republic. New York: Devin-Adair, 1964.

  Bernstein, Lee. The Greatest Menace: Organized Crime in Cold War America. Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002.

  Bohning, Don. The Castro Obsession: U.S. Covert Operations in Cuba, 1959–1965. Herndon, VA: Potomac Books, 2005.

  Bonachea, Rolando, and Nelson P. Valdez, eds. Revolutionary Struggle 1947–1958: Vol. 1, Selected Works of Fidel Castro. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1972.

  Bonnano, Joseph. A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of the “Boss of Bosses.” New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

  Brando, Marlon. Brando: Songs My Mother Taught Me. New York: Random House, 1994.

  Cabrera Infante, G. Three Trapped Tigers. London: Faber and Faber, 1989.

  ———. Holy Smoke. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1998.

  Campbell, Rodney. The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of the Mafia and the U.S. Navy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.

  Casteñeda, Jorge G. Compañero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara. New York: Knopf, 1998.

  Castro, Fidel. La historia me absolverá. Havana: Editora Política, 1964.

  ———. My Early Years. Melbourne and New York: Ocean Press, 1998.

  Chester, Edmund A. A Sergeant Named Batista. New York: Holt, 1954.

  Chomsky, Aviva, and Pamela Maria Smorkaloff, eds. The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.

  Cirules, Enrique. The Mafia in Havana: A Caribbean Mob Story. Melbourne and New York: Ocean Press, 2004.

  ———. La vida secreta de Meyer Lansky en La Habana. Havana: Ciencias Sociales, 2004.

  Cohen, Rich. Tough Jews: Fathers, Sons and Gangster Dreams. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998.

  Cruz, Celia. Celia: My Life. New York: Rayo, 2004.

  Deitche, Scott M. Cigar City Mafia: A Complete History of the Tampa Underworld. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 2004.

  ———. The Silent Don: The Criminal Underworld of Santo Trafficante Jr. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 2007.

  Demaris, Ovid. The Last Mafioso: The Treacherous World of Jimmy Fratianno. New York: Bantam, 1981.

  DePalma, Anthony. The Man Who Invented Fidel: Castro, Cuba, and Herbert L. Matthews of the New York Times. New York: Public Affairs Books, 2006.

  Dewey, Thomas E. Twenty Against the Underworld. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974.

  Dorschner, John, and Robert Fabricio. The Winds of December. New York: Coward, McCann & Geohegan, 1980.

  Eisenberg, Dennis, Uri Dan, and Eli Landau. Meyer Lansky: Mogul of the Mob. New York: Paddington Press, 1979.

  Epstein, Daniel Mark. Nat King Cole. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999.

  Feder, Sid, and Joachim Joesten. The Luciano Story. New York: David McKay, 1954.

  Flynn, Errol. My Wicked, Wicked Ways. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1959.

  Fox, Stephen. Blood and Power: Organized Crime in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Penguin, 1989.

  Franqui, Carlos. Diary of the Cuban Revolution. New York: Viking, 1980.

  Fried, Albert. The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.

  Fuentes, Norberto. Hemingway in Cuba. New York: Lyle Stuart, 1984.

  Gálvez Rodríguez, William. Otro jinete apocalíptico: Una historia novelada sobre la mafia de EE.UU en Cuba. Havana: Ediciones Unión, 2004.

  Gellman, Irwin F. Roosevelt and Batista: Good Neighbor Diplomacy in Cuba, 1933–1945. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1973.

  Geyer, Georgie Anne. Guerilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991.

  González Echevarría, Roberto. The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Gosch, Martin A., and Richard Hammer. The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.

  Greene, Graham. Our Man in Havana. New York: Viking, 1958.

  Guevara, Ernesto “Che.” Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967.

  Hemingway, Ernest. To Have and Have Not. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1937.

  ———. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952.

  Jennings, Dean. We Only Kill Each Other: The Life and Bad Times of Bugsy Siegel. New York: Prentice Hall, 1967.

  Katcher, Leo. The Big Bankroll: The Life and Times of Arnold Rothstein. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1958.

  Kefauver, Estes. Crime in America. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1951.

  Kelley, Kitty. His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra. New York: Bantam, 1986.

  Kuntz, Tom, and Phil Kuntz. The Sinatra Files: The Secret FBI Dossier. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000.

  Lacey, Robert. Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991.

  Latour, Jose. Havana World Series. New York: Grove Press, 2004.

  Lewis, Norman. The Honored Society. New York: Putnam, 1964.

  Lowinger, Rosa, and Ofelia Fox. Tropicana Nights: The Life and Times of the Legendary Cuban Nightclub. New York: Harcourt, 2005.

  Maas, Peter. The Valachi Papers. New York: Putnam, 1968.

  Martí, José. Selected Writings. New York: Penguin, 2002.

  Matthews, Herbert L. The Cuban Story. New York: George Braziller, 1961.

  Mencia, Mario. The Fertile Prison: Fidel Castro in Batista’s Jails. Melbourne and New York: Ocean Press, 1992.

  Messick, Hank. Syndicate in the Sun. New York: Macmillan, 1968.

  ———. Lansky. New York: Putnam, 1971.

  Montero, Mayra. Dancing to “Almendra.” New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.

  Moore, William Howard. The Kefauver Committee and the Politics of Crime, 1950–1952. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1974.

  Nelli, Humbert S. The Business of Crime: Italians and Syndicate Crime in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

  Oltuski, Enrique. Vida Clandestina: My Life in the Cuban Revolution. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2002.

  Orovio, Helio. Diccionario de la musica cubano. Havana: Letra Cubanas, 1992.

  Peterson, Virgil. The Mob: 200 Years of Organized Crime in New York. Ottawa, IL: Green Hill, 1983.

  Phillips, Ruby Hart. Cuba: Island of Paradox. New York: McDowell, 1959.

  Powell, Hickman. Lucky Luciano: The Man Who Organized Crime in America. New York: Barricade Books, 2000. First published 1939 by Harcourt Brace as Ninety Times Guilty.

  Raab, Selwyn. Five Families: The Rise, Decline and Resurgence of America’s Most Powerful Mafia Empires. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2005.

  Ragano, Frank, and Selwyn Raab. Mob Lawyer. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994.

  Roberts, W. Adolphe. Havana: The Portrait of a City. New York: Howard-McCann, 1953.

  Russo, Gus. Supermob: How Sidney Korshak and His Associates Became America’s Hidden Power Brokers. New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2006.

  Saenz Rovner, Eduardo. La conexión cubana: Narcotráfico, contrabando y juego en Cuba entre los años 20 y comienzos de la revolución. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2005.

  Sanchez, Thomas. King Bongo. New York: Knopf, 2003.

  Sasuly, Richard. Bookies
and Bettors: Two Hundred Years of Gambling. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982.

  Schwartz, Rosalie. Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba. Omaha: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.

  Smith, Earl E. T. The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution. New York: Random House, 1962.

  Smith, Wayne S. The Closest of Enemies: A Personal and Diplomatic Account of U.S.–Cuba Relations Since 1957. New York: W. W. Norton, 1987.

  Sondern, Frederick, Jr. Brotherhood of Evil: The Mafia. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1959.

  Suárez Nuñez, José. El gran culpable: ¿Cómo 12 guerrilleros antiquilaron a 45,000 soldados? Caracas: self-published, 1963.

  Sublette, Ned. Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2004.

  Summers, Anthony, and Robbyn Swan. Sinatra: The Life. New York: Knopf, 2005.

  ———. Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1993.

  Sweig, Julia E. Inside the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and the Urban Underground. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002.

  Szulc, Tad. Fidel: A Critical Portrait. New York: William Morrow, 1986.

  Thomas, Hugh. Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom, 1762–1969. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

  Tosches, Nick. King of the Jews. New York: Ecco, 2005.

  Turkus, Burton B., and Sid Feder. Murder Inc.: The Story of the Syndicate. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1951.

  Waldron, Lamar, with Thom Hartmann. Ultimate Sacrifice: John and Robert Kennedy, the Plan for a Coup in Cuba, and the Murder of JFK. Updated edition, New York: Carroll and Graf, 2006.

  Wolf, George, with Joseph DiMona. Frank Costello: Prime Minister of the Underworld. New York: William Morrow, 1974.

  Woon, Basil. When It’s Cocktail Time in Cuba. New York: Horace Liveright, 1928.

  Yablonsky, Lewis. George Raft. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.

  ARTICLES, ESSAYS, TRANSCRIPTS, AND REPORTS

  Adler, Barbara Squier. “The Mambo and the Mood.” New York Times Magazine, September 16, 1952.

  Ameringer, Charles D. “The Auténtico Party and the Political Opposition in Cuba, 1952–57.” Hispanic American Historical Review, 1985.

  Baez, Luis. “Interview with Cuban Colonel José Quevedo.” The Militant, Vol. 60, No. 4, January 29, 1996.

  Bianchi Ross, Ciro. “Graham Greene’s Cuban Time.” www.CubaNow.net. Undated.

  Bohemia magazine. “En Cuba” section. December 8, 1946.

  Brief Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 1. “Lovely Latin (Cuban Dancer Elvira Padovano).” January 1956.

  Cabaret magazine. “Havana: Nightlife Guide.” December 1956.

  Cabaret Quarterly, Special Resort No. Vol. 5. “Betty Howard: Her Bumps to the Bongo Packed Havana Theaters,” 1956.

  ———. “Cabaret Guide to Havana.”

  ———. “Havana’s Favorite Drink Is the Daiquiri.”

  Cabaret Yearbook, Winter Resort No. Vol. 1. “Bubbles Darlene,” 1956.

  ———. “Guide to After-Dark Havana.”

  ———. “Tropicana Is Most Beautiful.”

  Castro, Fidel. “Why We Fight.” Coronet, February 1958.

  CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). “Inspector General’s Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro,” April/May 1967.

  Cohen, Gary. “The Lost Journals of Meyer Lansky.” Ocean Drive, January 2005.

  Confidencial de Cuba. “¿Operan en nuestros cabarets gangsters americanos?” January/February 1958.

  Depestre Catoney, Leonardo. “Nat ‘King’ Cole at Tropicana.” www.CubaNow.net. Undated.

  Eye, Vol. 5, No. 5. “Havana Is a Man’s Town.” October 1956.

  Figueroa, Frank M. “Israel Lopez ‘Cachao’: Highlights and Review of His Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Interview.” www.picadillo.com/figueroa/cachao. Undated.

  ———. “Mario Bauza: Highlights and Review of His Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Interview.” www.cubanmusic.com. Undated.

  Friedlander, Paul C. J. “Not Paris, But Friendly.” New York Times, March 22, 1953.

  Fuentes, Norberto. “Mafia in Cuba.” Cuba International, August 1979.

  Gage, Nicholas. “Underworld Genius: How One Gang Leader Thrives While Others Fall by the Wayside.” Wall Street Journal, November 19, 1969.

  Garcia, Pedro A. “The White-Suited Hired Assassin.” Granma International, May 31, 2001.

  Gardner, Llew. “Batista Lives in Constant Fear of Bullet.” Miami Herald, October 25, 1959.

  Gente de la Semana, American Edition. “Brief History of the Cuban Labour Movement & Social Policy Since 1952,” January 5, 1958.

  ———. “Havana Crossroads of the World 1958.”

  ———. “Havana’s New Tunnel.”

  ———. “Investment in Cuba 1958.”

  ———. “New Public Works Projects of the Batista Regime.”

  González, Angel Tomás. “El mafioso que se fue con Castro.” Crónica, October 23, 2005.

  Granma. “El Padrino y las relaciones entre la tiranía de Batista y la mafia,” October 21, 1975.

  ———. “Lansky ‘El Cejudo’ no hace caso,” August 29, 1988.

  Havermann, Ernest. “Mobsters Move in on Troubled Havana.” Life, March 10, 1958.

  House Select Committee on Assassinations, Vol. 5, Testimony of Lewis McWillie, September 27, 1978.

  ———. Testimony of José Aleman, September 27, 1978.

  ———. Testimony of Santo Trafficante, September 28, 1978.

  Jacobs, Sam. “Prío Spent Most of His Career Fighting Cuban Dictatorships.” Miami Herald, August 6, 1977.

  Johnson, Malcolm. “Lansky Sails in Luxury for Italy; Expected to Confer with Luciano.” New York Sun, June 28, 1949.

  Juventude Rebelde. “Los encuentros de la mafia con el General Batista,” July 4, 2004.

  ———. “Yo fui guardaespalda de Meyer Lansky,” February 6, 2005.

  Lahey, Edwin A. “Gamblers Find Cuban Paradise.” Washington Post, January 9, 1958.

  Mallin, Jay. “The World’s Rawest Burlesque Show: Nowhere Can Public See as Ribald and Racy a Show as in Havana, Where Patrons See Combined Stag Movies and Strip Tease.” Cabaret, September 1956.

  ———. “Cuba’s Carefree Cabaret: Massive Injections of Money for Lavish Shows, Elaborate Gaming Facilities Have Made Sans Souci Cuba’s Top Club.” Cabaret, April 1957.

  ———. “Havana Night Life.” Unpublished article, 1956–7, Cuban Information Archives, Doc. 0211, www.cuban-exile.com.

  Marquez, Ernesto. “Marlon Brando: The Conga Man.” La Jornada, July 7, 2004.

  Masferrer, Rolando. “Comentario: Apendejación.” Libertad, October 24, 1975.

  Matthews, Herbert L. “Castro Rebels Gain in Face of Offensive by the Cuban Army.” New York Times, January 9, 1957.

  ———. “Populace in Revolt in Santiago de Cuba,” New York Times, January 30, 1957.

  ———. “Cuban Rebel Is Visited in Hideout,” New York Times, February 24, 1957.

  ———. “Rebel Strength Gaining in Cuba, but Batista Has the Upper Hand.” New York Times, February 25, 1957.

  ———. “Old Order in Cuba Is Threatened by Forces of an Internal Revolt,” New York Times, February 26, 1957.

  ———. “Situation in Cuba Worsening; Batista Foes Gain,” New York Times, June 15, 1957.

  ———. “Top Castro Aide Denies Red Tie; Leaders Say They ‘Await Fidel,’” New York Times, January 4, 1959.

  Meskill, Paul. “Yen for Cuba Cash Doomed Anastasia.” New York World Telegram, January 9, 1958.

  Miami Herald. “Cuba Acts to Deport Trafficante,” June 11, 1959.

  Miller, Gene. “Raft Not Natural After Cuba ‘Fade.’” Miami Herald, January 9, 1958.

  Millman, Joel. “Hemingway’s Ties to a Havana Bar Still Move the Mojitos.” Wall Street Journal, December 8, 2006.

  Mormino, Gary R. “Rallying for the Revolution.” Tampa Tribune, February 19, 2
006.

  Mortimer, Lee. “Frank Sinatra Confidential: Gangsters in the Night Clubs.” The New American Mercury, August 1951.

  Newsweek. “Batista at Work,” March 24, 1952.

  ———. “Counting Batista’s Days,” December 22, 1958.

  New York Herald Tribune. “Anastasia Case Holds ‘150 Angeles.’” October 30, 1957.

  New York Times. “US Ends Narcotics Sales to Cuba While Luciano Is Resident There,” February 22, 1947.

  ———. “Cuba Ousts 13 US Gamblers,” March 31, 1953.

  ———. “Batista Insists He’s No Dictator,” April 23, 1957.

  Pardon, Pedro Luis. “Amadeo Barletta, representante en Cuba de los negocios de la pandilla yanqui ‘Cosa Nostra.’” Granma, March 30, 1971.

  Pageant Magazine, Vol. 12, No. 2. “Advanced Latin (Tybee Afra: Afro-Cuban Rhythm Dancer).” August 1956.

  Phillips, R. Hart. “Cuba Is Betting on Her New Gambling Casinos.” New York Times, November 6, 1955.

  ———. “Batista Charges Castro Is a Red.” New York Times, March 11, 1957.

  ———. “Cuba Suppresses Youths’ Uprising: Forty Are Killed.” New York Times, March 14, 1957.

  ———. “Batista Suspends Civil Guarantees.” New York Times, August 2, 1957.

  ———. “Batista Is Dependent on Loyalty of Army,” New York Times, September 25, 1957.

  ———. “Batista and Regime Flee Cuba; Castro Moving to Take Power; Mobs Riot and Loot in Havana,” New York Times, January 2, 1959.

  ———. “Gamblers in Cuba Face Dim Future.” New York Times, January 4, 1959.

  Ramírez-Rosell, Reinaldo. “El razzle-dazzle, mala publicidad.” Diario de la Marina, April 12, 1953.

  Reiss, Matthew. “The Batista-Lansky Alliance: How the Mafia and a Cuban Dictator Built Havana’s Casinos,” Cigar Aficionado, May/June 2001.

  Santos Moray, Mercedes. “Havana—Hemingway’s Muse.” www.CubaNow.net. Undated.

  Sargeant, Winthrop. “Cuba’s Tin Pan Alley.” Life, October 6, 1947.

  Show magazine. “Prende en La Habana el arte de la mujer eléctrica,” December 1956.