Delphi Complete Works of Pausanias

by Pausanias

  [35.4] Beside the large temple there is another, but smaller in size, made for Apollo by the emperor Hadrian. The images are of earlier date, being dedicated by the Abaeans themselves; they are made of bronze, and all alike are standing, Apollo, Leto and Artemis. At Abae there is a theater, and also a market-place, both of ancient construction.

  HYAMPOLIS

  [5] ἐπανελθόντα δὲ ἐς τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐς Ὀποῦντα εὐθεῖαν Ὑάμπολις τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου σε ἐκδέξεται. τῶν δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀνθρώπων καὶ αὐτὸ κατηγορεῖ τὸ ὄνομα οἵτινες ἦσαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὁπόθεν ἐξαναστάντες ἀφίκοντο ἐς ταύτην τὴν χώραν: Ὕαντες γὰρ οἱ ἐκ Θηβῶν Κάδμον καὶ τὸν σὺν ἐκείνῳ φυγόντες στρατὸν ἀφίκοντο ἐνταῦθα. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἀρχαιότερα ὑπὸ τῶν

  προσχώρων ἐκαλοῦντο Ὑάντων πόλις, χρόνῳ μέντοι ὕστερον Ὑάμπολιν ἐξενίκησεν ὀνομασθῆναι.

  [35.5] Returning to the straight road to Opus, you come next to Hyampolis. Its mere name tells you who the inhabitants originally were, and the place from which they were expelled when they came to this land. For it was the Hyantes of Thebes who came here when they fled from Cadmus and his army. In earlier times the city was called by its neighbors the city of the Hyantes, but in course of time the name of Hyampolis prevailed over the other.

  [6] ἅτε δὲ καὶ βασιλέως Ξέρξου καταπρήσαντος τὴν πόλιν καὶ αὖθις Φιλίππου κατασκάψαντος, ὅμως τὰ ὑπολειπόμενα ἦν ἀγορᾶς τε ἀρχαίας κατασκευὴ καὶ βουλευτήριον, οἴκημα οὐ μέγα, καὶ θέατρον οὐ πόρρω τῶν πυλῶν. Ἀδριανὸς δὲ βασιλεὺς στοὰν ᾠκοδομήσατο, καὶ ἐπώνυμος ἡ στοὰ τοῦ ἀναθέντος βασιλέως ἐστί. φρέαρ δέ σφισίν ἐστιν ἕν: ἀπὸ τούτου μόνου καὶ πίνουσι καὶ λούονται, ἀπ᾽ ἄλλου δὲ ἔχουσιν οὐδενὸς πλήν γε δὴ ὥρᾳ χειμῶνος τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ.

  [35.6] Although Xerxes had burnt down the city, and afterwards Philip had razed it to the ground, nevertheless there were left the structure of an old market-place, a council-chamber (a building of no great size) and a theater not far from the gates. The emperor Hadrian built a portico which bears the name of the emperor who dedicated it. The citizens have one well only. This is their sole supply, both for drinking and for washing; from no other source can they get water, save only from the winter rains.

  [7] σέβονται δὲ μάλιστα Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ ναὸς Ἀρτέμιδός ἐστιν αὐτοῖς: τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ὁποῖόν τί ἐστιν οὐκ ἐδήλωσα: δὶς γὰρ καὶ οὐ πλέον ἑκάστου ἐνιαυτοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνοιγνύναι νομίζουσιν. ὁπόσα δ᾽ ἂν τῶν βοσκημάτων ἱερὰ ἐπονομάσωσιν εἶναι τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι, ἄνευ νόσου ταῦτα καὶ πιότερα τῶν ἄλλων ἐκτρέφεσθαι λέγουσιν.

  [35.7] Above all other divinities they worship Artemis, of whom they have a temple. The image of her I cannot describe, for their rule is to open the sanctuary twice, and not more often, every year. They say that whatever cattle they consecrate to Artemis grow up immune to disease and fatter than other cattle.

  STIRIS

  [8] ἐσβολὴ δὲ ἐκ Χαιρωνείας ἐς γῆν τὴν Φωκίδα οὐ μόνον ἡ εὐθεῖά ἐστιν ἐς Δελφοὺς ἡ διά τε Πανοπέως καὶ παρὰ τὴν Δαυλίδα καὶ ὁδὸν τὴν Σχιστήν: φέρει δὲ ἐκ Χαιρωνείας καὶ ἑτέρα τραχεῖά τε ὁδὸς καὶ ὀρεινὴ τὰ πλέονα ἐς πόλιν Φωκέων Στῖριν: μῆκος δὲ εἴκοσι στάδιοι τῆς ὁδοῦ καὶ ἑκατόν. οἱ δὲ ἐνταῦθά φασιν οὐ Φωκεῖς, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ εἶναι τὰ ἄνωθεν, καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ὁμοῦ Πετεῷ τῷ Ὀρνέως ἀφικέσθαι διωχθέντι ὑπὸ Αἰγέως ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν: ὅτι δὲ τῷ Πετεῷ τὸ πολὺ ἐκ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Στιρέων ἠκολούθησεν, ἐπὶ τούτῳ κληθῆναι τὴν πόλιν Στῖριν.

  [35.8] The straight road to Delphi that leads through Panopeus and past Daulis and the Cleft Way, is not the only pass from Chaeroneia to Phocis. There is another road, rough and for the most part mountainous, that leads from Chaeroneia to the Phocian city of Stiris. The length of the road is one hundred and twenty stades. The inhabitants assert that by descent they are not Phocian, but Athenian, and that they came from Attica with Peteus, the son of Orneus, when he was pursued from Athens by Aegeus. They add that, because the greater part of those who accompanied Peteus came from the parish of Stiria, the city received the name of Stiris.

  [9] Στιρίταις δέ ἐστιν ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ καὶ πετρώδους ἡ οἴκησις: σπανίζουσιν οὖν κατὰ τοῦτο ὕδατος θέρους ὥρᾳ: φρέατα γὰρ αὐτόθι οὔτε πολλὰ οὔτε ὕδωρ παρεχόμενά ἐστιν ἐπιτήδειον. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ λουτρά σφισι καὶ ὑποζυγίοις ποτὸν γίνεται, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ πότιμον ὅσον στάδια τέσσαρα ὑποκαταβαίνοντες λαμβάνουσιν ἐκ πηγῆς: ἡ δὲ ἐν πέτραις ἐστὶν ὀρωρυγμένη, καὶ ἀρύονται κατιόντες ἐς τὴν πηγήν.

  [35.9] The people of Stiris have their dwellings on a high and rocky site. For this reason they suffer from a shortage of water in summer; the wells are few, and the water is bad that they supply. These wells give washing-water to the people and drinking-water to the beasts of burden, but for their own drinking water the people go down about four stades and draw it from a spring. The spring is in a hole dug into the rocks, and they go down to it to fetch water.

  [10] Δήμητρος δὲ ἐπίκλησιν Στιρίτιδος ἱερόν ἐστιν ἐν Στῖρι: πλίνθου μὲν τῆς ὠμῆς τὸ ἱερόν, λίθου δὲ τοῦ Πεντελῆσι τὸ ἄγαλμα, δᾷδας ἡ θεὸς ἔχουσα. παρὰ δὲ αὐτῇ κατειλημμένον ταινίαις ἄγαλμα ἀρχαῖόν ἐστιν ἄλλο ὁπόσα Δήμητρος ἐς τιμήν.

  [35.10] In Stiris is a sanctuary of Demeter surnamed Stiria. It is of unburnt brick; the image is of Pentelic marble, and the goddess is holding torches. Beside her, bound with ribbons, is an image of Demeter, as ancient as any of that goddess that exists.

  AMBROSSUS

  36. ἐς δὲ Ἄμβροσσον στάδιοι περὶ ἑξήκοντά εἰσιν ἐκ Στίρεως: πεδιὰς ἡ ὁδός, ὀρῶν ἐν μέσῳ πεδίον κείμενον. ἄμπελοι δὲ τὸ πολύ εἰσι τοῦ πεδίου, καὶ ἐν γῇ τῇ Ἀμβροσσέων οὐ συνεχεῖς μὲν ὥσπερ αἱ ἄμπελοι, πεφύκασι μέντοι καὶ αἱ θάμνοι: τὴν δὲ θάμνον ταύτην Ἴωνες μὲν καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικὸν κόκκον, Γαλάται δὲ οἱ ὑπὲρ Φρυγίας φωνῇ τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ σφίσιν ὀνομάζουσιν ὗς. γίνεται δὲ αὕτη μέγεθος μὲν ἡ κόκκος κατὰ τὴν ῥάμνον καλουμένην, φύλλα δὲ μελάντερα μὲν καὶ μαλακώτερα ἢ ἡ σχῖνος, τὰ μέντοι ἄλλα ἐοικότα ἔχει τῇ σχίνῳ.

  [36.1] XXXVI. From Stiris to Ambrossus is about six stades. The road is flat, lying on the level with mountains on both sides of it.
The greater part of the plain is covered with vines, and in the territory of Ambrossus grow shrubs, though not close together like the vines. This shrub the Ionians, as well as the rest of the Greeks, call kokkos, and the Gauls above Phrygia call it in their native speech hys. This kokkos grows to the size of what is called the rhamnos; the leaves are darker and softer than those of the mastich-tree, though in other respects the two are alike.

  [2] ὁ δὲ αὐτῆς καρπὸς ὅμοιος τῷ καρπῷ τῆς στρύχνου, μέγεθος δέ ἐστι κατὰ ὄροβον. γίνεται δέ τι ἐν τῷ καρπῷ τῆς κόκκου βραχὺ ζῷον: τοῦτο εἰ ἀφίκοιτο ἐς τὸν ἀέρα πεπανθέντος τοῦ καρποῦ, πέτεταί τε αὐτίκα καὶ ἐοικὸς κώνωπι φαίνοιτο ἄν: νῦν δὲ πρότερον, πρὶν ἢ τὸ ζῷον κινηθῆναι, συλλέγουσι τῆς κόκκου τὸν καρπόν, καὶ ἔστι τοῖς ἐρίοις ἡ βαφὴ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ζῴου.

  [36.2] Its fruit is like the fruit of the nightshade, and its size is about that of the bitter vetch. There breeds in the fruit of the kokkos a small creature. If this should reach the air when the fruit has ripened, it becomes in appearance like a gnat, and immediately flies away. But as it is they gather the fruit of the kokkos before the creature begins to move, and the blood of the creature serves as a dye for wool.

  [3] ἡ δὲ Ἄμβροσσος κεῖται μὲν ὑπὸ τὸ ὄρος τὸν Παρνασσόν, τὰ ἐπέκεινα δὲ ἢ Δελφοί: τεθῆναι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει ἀπὸ ἥρωός φασιν Ἀμβρόσσου. Θηβαῖοι δὲ ἐς τὸν Μακεδόνων καὶ Φιλίππου καθιστάμενοι πόλεμον περιέβαλον τῇ Ἀμβρόσσῳ διπλοῦν τεῖχος: τὸ δέ ἐστιν ἐπιχωρίου λίθου, χρόαν μέλανος, ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἰσχυροῦ: κύκλος δὲ ἑκάτερος τοῦ τείχους πλάτος μὲν ἀποδέων ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὀργυιᾶς, τὸ δὲ ὕψος ἐς ἡμίσειάν τε καὶ δύο ὀργυιάς, ὅπου μὴ τὸ τεῖχος πεπόνηκε:

  [36.3] Ambrossus lies at the foot of Mount Parnassus, on the side opposite to Delphi. They say that the city was named after Ambrossus, a hero. On going to war with Philip and his Macedonians the Thebans drew round Ambrossus a double wall. It is made of a local stone, black in color and very hard indeed. Each ring of wall is a little less than a fathom broad, and two and a half fathoms in height except where it has broken down.

  [4] διάστημα δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ προτέρου τῶν κύκλων ἐπὶ τὸν δεύτερόν ἐστιν ὀργυιά: κατασκευὴ δὲ πύργων ἢ ἐπάλξεων ἢ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐς εὐπρέπειαν τείχους, παρεῖται τὰ πάντα σφίσιν ἅτε τειχίζουσιν ἐπὶ μόνῳ τῷ αὐτίκα ἀμύνεσθαι. ἔστι δὲ ἀγορά τε Ἀμβροσσεῦσιν οὐ μεγάλη καὶ ἀνδριάντων ἐν αὐτῇ λίθου πεποιημένων κατεάγασιν οἱ πολλοί.

  [36.4] The interval between the first ring and the second is a fathom. The building of towers, of battlements, or of any ornament, has been entirely neglected, as the only object the citizens had in constructing the walls was immediate protection. There is a small market-place at Ambrossus, and of the stone statues set up in it most are broken.

  ANTICYRA

  [5] τραπέντι δὲ ἐπὶ Ἀντίκυραν ἀνάντης τὰ πρῶτά ἐστιν ὁδός: ἀναβάντι δὲ ὅσον δύο στάδια ὁμαλές τε χωρίον καὶ ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ Δικτυνναίας ἐπίκλησιν ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος. ταύτην οἱ Ἀμβροσσεῖς ἄγουσι μάλιστα ἐν τιμῇ: τῷ δὲ ἀγάλματι ἐργασία τέ ἐστιν Αἰγιναία καὶ μέλανος τοῦ λίθου πεποίηται. τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς Δικτυνναίας κατάντης ὁδὸς ἐς Ἀντίκυραν πᾶσά ἐστι. τὰ δὲ ἀρχαιότερα ὄνομα εἶναι Κυπάρισσον τῇ πόλει φασί, καὶ Ὅμηρον ἐν Φωκέων καταλόγῳ τὸ ὄνομα θελῆσαι θέσθαι γε αὐτόν, ὅτι ἤδη τηνικαῦτα ἐκαλεῖτο Ἀντίκυρα: εἶναι γὰρ δὴ τὸν

  Ἀντικυρέα κατὰ Ἡρακλέα ἡλικίαν.

  [36.5] The road to Anticyra is at first up-hill. About two stades up the slope is a level place, and on the right of the road is a sanctuary of Artemis surnamed Dictynnaean, a goddess worshipped with great reverence by citizens. The image is of Aeginetan workmanship, and made of a black stone. From the sanctuary of the Dictynnaean goddess the road is downhill all the way to Anticyra. They say that in days of old the name of the city was Cyparissus, and that Homer in the list of Phocians was determined to call it by this name, although it was called Anticyra in Homer’s day, because Anticyreus was a contemporary of Heracles.

  [6] κεῖται μὲν δὴ ἡ πόλις κατὰ Μεδεῶνος τὰ ἐρείπια: ἐδήλωσα δὲ ἀρχομένης τῆς ἐς Φωκέας συγγραφῆς ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν ἀσεβῆσαι τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς Ἀντικυρέας. Ἀντικυρέας δὲ ἐποίησε μὲν ἀναστάτους καὶ ὁ Ἀμύντου Φίλιππος, ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ δεύτερα Ὀτίλιος ὁ Ῥωμαῖος, ὅτι ἦσαν ὑπήκοοι καὶ οὗτοι Φιλίππου τοῦ Δημητρίου βασιλεύοντος Μακεδόνων: ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν Φίλιππον ἀμύνειν Ἀθηναίοις ὁ Ὀτίλιος ἀπέσταλτο ἐκ Ῥώμης.

  [36.6] The city lies over against the ruins of Medeon. I have mentioned in the beginning of my account of Phocis that the people of Anticyra were guilty of sacrilege against the sanctuary at Delphi. They were driven from home by Philip, son of Amyntas, and yet once more by the Roman Otilius, because they were subjects of the Macedonian king Philip, son of Demetrius. Otilius had been despatched from Rome to help the Athenians against Philip.

  [7] τὰ δὲ ὄρη τὰ ὑπὲρ τὴν Ἀντίκυραν πετρώδη τε ἄγαν ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς φύεται μάλιστα ὁ ἐλλέβορος. ὁ μὲν αὐτοῦ μέλας χωρεῖ τε ἀνθρώποις καὶ ἔστι γαστρὶ καθάρσιον, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος ὁ λευκὸς δι᾽ ἐμέτου καθαίρειν πέφυκε: τὸ δὲ φάρμακον τὸ ἐς τὴν κάθαρσιν ἡ τοῦ ἐλλεβόρου ῥίζα ἐστίν.

  [36.7] The mountains beyond Anticyra are very rocky, and on them grows hellebore in great profusion. Black hellebore sends those who take it to stool, and purges the bowels; the nature of the other, the white kind, is to purge by vomiting. It is the root of the hellebore which is used as a purging drug.

  [8] Ἀντικυρεῦσι δὲ εἰσὶ μὲν ἀνδριάντες ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ χαλκοῖ, ἔστι δέ σφισιν ἐπὶ τῷ λιμένι Ποσειδῶνος οὐ μέγα ἱερόν, λογάσιν ᾠκοδομημένον λίθοις: κεκονίαται δὲ τὰ ἐντός. τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν χαλκοῦ πεποιημένον, βέβηκε δὲ ἐπὶ δελφῖνι τῷ ἑτέρῳ τῶν ποδῶν: κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ ἔχει καὶ τὴν χεῖρα ἐπὶ τῷ μηρῷ, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ χειρὶ τρίαινά ἐστιν αὐτῷ.

  [36.8] In the market-place at Anticyra are bronze statues, and at the harbor is a small sanctuary of Poseidon, built of unhewn stones. The inside is covered with stucco. The image, which is made of bronze, is a standing figure, with one foot resting on a dolphin. On this side he has one hand upon his thigh; in his other hand is a trident.

  [9] τοῦ γυμνασίου δὲ ἐν ᾧ κα�
� τὰ λουτρά σφισι πεποίηται, τούτου πέραν ἄλλο γυμνάσιόν ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον: ἀνδριὰς δὲ ἕστηκεν ἐν αὐτῷ χαλκοῦς: φησὶ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα Ξενόδαμον παγκρατιαστὴν Ἀντικυρέα ἐν ἀνδράσιν Ὀλυμπικὴν ἀνῃρῆσθαι νίκην. εἰ δὲ ἀληθεύει τὸ ἐπίγραμμα, Ὀλυμπιάδι τῇ πρώτῃ μετὰ δέκα καὶ διακοσίας φαίνοιτο ἂν τὸν κότινον ὁ Ξενόδαμος εἰληφώς: αὕτη δὲ ἐν τοῖς Ἠλείων γράμμασι παρεῖται μόνη πασῶν ἡ Ὀλυμπιάς.

  [36.9] Opposite the gymnasium, in which the baths have been made, is another gymnasium, an old one, in which stands a bronze statue. The inscription on it says that Xenodamus of Anticyra, a pancratiast, won an Olympic victory in the match for men. If the inscription speaks the truth, it would seem that Xenodamus received the wild olive at the two hundred and eleventh Olympic festival. But this is the only festival omitted in the Elean records.

  [10] ἔστι δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐν φρέατι ὕδατος πηγή: σκέπη δὲ ἀπὸ ἡλίου τῷ φρέατι ὄροφός τε καὶ ἀνέχοντες τὸν ὄροφον κίονες. ἔστι δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀνωτέρω τοῦ φρέατος λίθοις τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ᾠκοδομημένον μνῆμα: ταφῆναι δέ φασιν ἐνταῦθα τοὺς Ἰφίτου παῖδας, τὸν μὲν ἀνασωθέντα ἐξ Ἰλίου καὶ ἀποθανόντα ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ, Σχεδίῳ δὲ ἐν μὲν γῇ τῇ Τρῳάδι τὴν τελευτὴν συμβῆναι λέγουσιν, ἀχθῆναι δὲ οἴκαδε καὶ τούτου τὰ ὀστᾶ.

  [36.10] Beyond the market-place there is in a well a spring of water. Over the well there is a roof to shelter it from the sun, with columns to support the roof. A little higher up than the well is a tomb built of any stones that came to hand. Here they say are buried the sons of Iphitus; one returned safe from Troy and died in his native land; the other, Schedius, died, they say, in the Troad, but his bones also were brought home.