Crastonus, Johannes, 121
crocodiles, 94
Cromberger, Juan, 234
Croy, Guillaume du, Lord of Chièvres, 177, 187
Cuba, 29, 48, 101, 103–04, 298
currency, 88–90, 211–12
Cusa, Nicholas of, 121, 184, 221
Dante, 171, 172
Darién region, Panama, 175–76, 190
Day, John, 120
De divina proportione (Pacioli), 148–49
del Piombo, Sebastiano, 144, 160
Description of Spain (Hernando Colón), 6, 179–81, 183–88, 189, 191, 193, 216, 238, 239, 248, 264, 266, 269, 329
Deza, Diego de, 40–41
Diana Bathing with Her Attendants (Palumba), 38
Díaz Solís, Juan, 127, 129
dictionary-making, 6, 191–93, 233, 239, 242, 306
digital revolution, 8–9, 330, 331
Divine Comedy (Dante), 172
Doctor Faustus (necromancer and magician), 224
Dominica, 44, 81, 264
Dominican order, 40–41, 136
Dominican Republic, 152
Donation of Constantine (document), 208
double-entry bookkeeping, 149
Duran, Fray Tomás, 243
Dürer, Albrecht, 197, 201–02, 204, 204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 230
Egypt, ancient, 134, 135, 137, 206, 228
El Tostado (medieval theologian), 64, 70
Elcano, Juan Sebastián de, 236, 244
encomienda system, 135–36, 137
encyclopedias, 6, 7, 52, 91, 120, 124, 254
England, 24, 31, 194, 202–04, 231–32, 288, 290–92
Enneads (Sabellicus), 305, 306, 338
Enrique IV, King of Castile, 21
Enríquez de Arana, Beatriz (Hernando’s mother), 28, 35, 113, 324
Enríquez de Arana, Rodrigo, 28
Ephemerides (Zacuto), 106–07, 108
Erasmus, 122, 146, 197, 202, 215, 217, 227, 292, 304
Adages, 254, 255–56
Antibarbarorum, 208–09
edition of Greek New Testament and, 207-08
Hernando’s library’s section on, 209, 307
Hernando’s meeting (1520) with, 206, 207, 208–09
Inquisition proscribing of, 286–87, 326
Julius Excluded from Heaven attributed to, 156–57, 206–07, 210, 214
Lingua, 268
literary style of, 207
Lutheranism and, 283, 286
medicine and, 308
Praise of Folly, 206–07, 225
scorn for Roman Curia, 206–07, 208
Eratosthenes, 123–24
Escorial library, Spain, 328
Espejo de Navegantes (Chaves), 270–71
ethnography, 50–52
Euhemerus, 302
Faragani, al- (Alfragan), 25–26, 29, 245
Faustus, Doctor (necromancer and magician), 224
Ferdinand of Aragon, 13–14, 35, 53–55, 126, 147
assassination attempt on, 21, 22
Bramante’s Tempietto chapel in Rome, 142, 144
Columbus and, 17, 20–21, 26–27, 31, 60, 62, 72, 98, 105
death (1516) of, 177, 178
Hernando’s circumnavigation proposal and, 128–32, 136
Isabella’s death and, 124–25
Jewish persecution under, 16–17
marriage to Germaine de Foix, 125
New World settler complaints to, 57
union of Spain with marriage of Isabella and, 14, 21–22
Fernandina island, 18, 264
Ficino, Marsilio, 121
Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520), France, 204
Fieschi, Bartholomeo, 103, 105
Flodden, Battle of (1513), 196
Florence, 175, 177, 202, 315, 318
Foglino, Giuliano da, 148
Foix, Germaine de, 125
Fonseca, Juan Rodríguez de, 82, 175
Forlì, Melozzo da, 150
Fornari, Baliano di, 337
France
Auld Alliance with Scotland, 196
defeat at Pavia (1525), 252, 273–74, 284, 290
Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520) and, 204
Hernando in, 292, 307–08, 310
Italian wars and, 53, 55, 153, 156, 196, 252, 273, 292
medical publishing in, 307, 310, 314
Paris as publishing center in, 133, 137, 282, 314
Peace of Cambrai (1529) and, 292
Francis I, King of France, 174, 194
capture at Pavia, 252, 273–74, 284
Henry VIII of England and, 195, 204, 252
Franciscan monks, 135, 144, 235, 259
Frederick the Wise of Saxony, 214, 216
Frisius, Gemma, 248
Fuggers (Austrian bankers), 194
Galen, 308
Galindo, Beatriz, 41
Gallega (also known as Santo; Columbus’s ship), 77, 83, 95, 96, 99
Gamboa, Berengario, 145–46
Gamboa, Isabel de, 5, 127–28, 137, 144–46, 178, 324
Geez language, 210, 288
Genoa, 216, 217, 262, 315, 326
expansion westward and, 27, 219, 305
origins of Columbus and, 20, 22, 23, 176, 305, 306
geographical theories and debates
Badajoz conference and, 240–41, 243–52, 253, 269, 272
circumference of Earth and, 25–26, 66, 123, 243, 245, 252, 257
colonial rivalry between Spain and Portugal and, 261
concept of a magnetic north and, 80–81, 188–89
distance across Atlantic to “east Asia” and, 29
First Voyage and, 29, 30
lunar eclipse (1504) and, 107–09
medieval cosmography and, 22, 25–26, 48
“narrow Atlantic” hypothesis and, 23–24, 182
shape of the Earth and, 26, 61–62, 81, 129
size and shape of the world and, 26, 66, 123, 241, 243–52
westward passage to Cathay and India and, 25, 91–92, 100–01
Geography (Ptolemy), 180–81, 182, 271
Geraldini, Alessandro, 313
Gesner, Conrad, 328, 329
Giles of Rome, 121
Giles of Viterbo, 174, 275
Giunti family of printers, 223
Giustiniani, Agostino, 294, 299–300
gold, Columbus’s search for, 93, 95–96, 100–01
Golden Ass (Apuleius), 147
Google Books project, 330
Goritz, Johan, 260
Gorricio, Gaspar, 64, 65, 66, 70, 73–74, 76, 103, 112
Gothic architecture, 33, 42, 191, 206, 313
Granada, Spain, 16, 17, 60, 112, 144
Alhambra in, 35, 57, 112
Greece, classical, 30, 51, 52, 121, 122, 123, 135, 148, 170, 182, 222, 226, 254, 317
Greek language, 208, 225–26, 282
Hernando’s knowledge of, 121, 123, 133, 148, 225
library division by, 150, 172
Grimaldi, Octaviano, 223, 236
Grimaldi banking family, 216, 223, 236, 285
Grimani, Antonio, 221
Guacanagari (Hispaniolan king), 14, 45, 46
Guadalupe monastery, Spain, 128
Guadeloupe, 44, 81
Guanahani island, 300
Guanaja islands, 87–90, 91, 211, 232
Guanches people, Tenerife, 46–47
guanín pendants, 92, 93
Guarionex (cacique), 52
guayacán (lignum vitae) tree, 266
Guayga, 93
Guicciardini, Luigi, 274
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 90
Gutenberg, Johannes, 158
Habsburg, House of, 53–54, 194, 252
Hakluyt, Richard, 272
Halley, Edmund, 329
Hammonius, Jean, 281, 311, 324
Hanno (Pope Leo X’s elephant), 172, 173, 174, 178
Hanover, Royal Library at, 322
Harrison, John, 329
Hebrew language, 133–34, 193, 208, 282, 287, 288, 317
> Henry VII, King of England, 24, 25, 31
Henry VIII, King of England, 194, 195
divorce from Queen Catherine, 290–92, 304
League of Cognac and, 273
pact between Charles I and, 202–04, 231, 252, 273
tract against the Lutherans (1521) and, 292
Hernando Colón, Historiador del Descubrimiento de América (Rumeu de Armas), 338
Hesiod, 171
Hesperides, 296
hierarchies, 168, 169–71, 317
Hieroglyphica, 134, 206, 230
hieroglyphs, 269, 321
ancient Egyptian use of, 134, 137, 206, 228, 230
Hernando’s system of signs and, 3, 5, 228–30, 228, 240, 321
see also pictographic language
Hispaniola, 55, 56, 81–82
canoe mission from Santa Gloria (1503) to, 101–06, 109–10
Columbus’s arrival (1504) at, 111–12
Columbus turned away from (1502), 82–83
Diego Colón as governor of, 124, 126–27, 145, 175–76, 197–98, 236, 243, 257–58
Dominican order’s arrival on, 136
Hernando’s stay on, 117, 120, 124, 216, 257
hurricane (1502) and, 83–84
La Navidad settlement in, 14, 31, 44–46, 47
naming of, 18, 20
rebellion (1498) on, 56–57, 62, 82
Spanish settlers’ complaints about, 52–53, 57
Taino people brought to Spain from, 36
Historia rerum (Piccolomini), 25, 100
Historia rerum (Pius II), 120
History of the Danes (Saxo), 202
Holbein, Ambrosius, 227
Holy Roman Empire, 53, 175, 177
crowning of Charles as Holy Roman Emperor, 212–14, 276, 284
election of Charles in, 194–95
relics, vestments and insignia of, 212, 212
Homer, 90, 133, 171
Horace, 41, 122, 123, 171
humanism, 41–42, 74, 121, 122, 137, 206–08, 317
Erasmus’s Praise of Folly and, 206–07, 225
influence on Hernando and, 209–11, 226–28
landscape and, 260–61
More’s Utopia and, 224, 225–30, 228, 261, 292
networks of, 231–32
spirit of radical openness and, 208–29
Hungary
Ottoman conquering of, 252, 284
peasants’ revolt (1514) in, 196
hurricane (1502), 83–84
Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (erotic book), 152
images, printed. See printed images
Imperia (Roman courtesan), 152
indexes, 164–66, 168, 169, 176, 268
indulgences, sale of, 214, 215
Inghirami, Tommaso, 148, 162
Inquisition, 17, 214, 286–87, 326
ironmongery, 118
Isabel, Princess, of Aragon, 54–55
Isabela island, 18
Isabella of Castile, 14, 21–22, 53
art collection of, 197
Bramante’s Tempietto chapel in Rome and, 142, 144
Columbus and, 17, 20–21, 26–27, 31, 60, 62, 72, 98, 105
death (1504) of, 112, 124–25
Jewish persecution under, 16–17
marriage of daughter Isabel, 54–55
New World settler complaints to, 57
union of Spain with marriage of Ferdinand and, 14, 21–22
Isidore of Seville, 25, 51–52, 64, 254
Isla Mona, 134–35
Islam
Barbary Muslims and, 55, 79, 311
loss of Spanish peninsula (1492) and, 16–17
Qur’an and, 133
see also Moors of Spain
Isolario (Bordone), 91, 202
Italy
accounting system and merchants of, 149
Aragonese possessions of, 125
book-hunter’s route in, 285, 315
double-entry bookkeeping system in, 149
historiography of Life and Deeds of the Admiral and, 6, 337–38
wars with (from 1490s), 53, 55, 153, 156, 196, 252, 273, 292
Jamaica, 48, 87, 91, 101–11, 135
Jardines de la Reina, 48, 101
Jean, duc de Berry, 21
Jerome, Saint, 70, 182, 207, 208
Jerusalem, 62, 63–64, 69, 72, 144
Jews
conversion to Christianity by, 16, 35–36
Old Testament Scriptures and, 67–68, 69, 133–34
printing in the Levant and, 288
in Rome, 155, 160–62
Spanish persecution of, 16–17, 72, 106–07
Joachim of Calabria, 64, 72
João, King of Portugal, 14–16, 27, 248
Johnson, Samuel, 239
Juan, Infante, 21, 31, 32–43
death (1497) of, 54–55
marriage to Princess Margaret, 53, 54, 232
Juana, Princess, 53–54, 124–25, 126, 145, 177
Juana island, 18
Julius II, Pope, 142, 152–54, 156–57, 160, 162, 206, 218
Julius Excluded from Heaven (attributed to Erasmus), 156–57, 206–07, 210, 214
Juvenal, 41, 151, 154
Kircher, Athanasius, 329
knowledge, ordering and organizing of
alphabetical lists and, 209–10, 237, 253–54, 266, 268, 276, 288
Aristotelian principles and, 52
assertion of a natural order and, 303–04
assertion of primacy and, 301–02, 303
basic divisions of medieval knowledge and, 320
body as microcosm or small universe and, 308
book indexes and, 164–66, 168, 169, 176, 268
Christianity and, 170–71, 316–17
chronology and, 302–03, 304–05
Columbus’s attempts to order New World, 49–50
dictionary-making and, 6, 191–93, 233, 239, 242, 306
digital revolution and, 8–9, 330, 331
fantasy of universal knowledge and, 256, 329
geographical metaphors for world of knowledge and, 276
Hernando’s Description of Spain and, 6, 179–81, 183–88, 189, 191, 193, 216, 238, 239, 248, 264, 266, 269, 329
Hernando’s lifelong quest in, 48, 59, 64, 86–90, 121, 164–69, 176–77, 301, 313–18, 323
Hernando’s system of signs (hieroglyphs) and, 3, 5, 228–30, 228, 240, 321
Hernando’s zoological observations and, 84–87, 92–93, 94, 122
hierarchies and, 168, 169–71, 317
internal and external causes and, 303–04
keeping of Infante’s great books and, 37–40, 323
list-making and, 2, 7–8, 117–20, 158, 164–69
narrower bounds for projects after Hernando and, 328
navigation and, 90–91
notion of the world as sequence and, 301–03
Parentucelli’s Canone (list of books) for, 149–50, 171–72
physiological ordering of knowledge and, 307–09
primacy and, 301–02
print catalogue and, 166–69, 176, 254
psychological ordering of knowledge and, 304–05
Renaissance and, 164–66, 206, 302–03
rise of nationalism and, 329, 331
Royal Library, Hanover, note closet for, 322
size of collection problems in, 322
subject categories and, 122–23, 238, 257, 317, 320–21, 322
ways of organizing books in libraries and, 4
Koberger family of printers, 223
Kongo, Kingdom of, 63, 174, 211
La Coruña, Spain, 195, 197–98, 273, 310
La Isabela, Hispaniola, 45
La Motta, Battle of (1513), 273
La Navidad, Hispaniola, 14, 31, 44–46, 47
Landsknechts, sacking of Rome (1527) by, 274–75, 290
language
acts of naming and, 18–20, 44, 81, 92, 94, 95
alphabets in early printed books and, 227–28
books in library organized by
, 322, 328
dictionary-making and, 6, 191–93, 233, 239, 242, 306
geographical metaphors for world of knowledge and, 276
growing and organic aspect of, 269
Hernando’s library and, 287–89
hierarchies of, 317
Llull’s ideas on, 132–33, 135
More’s Utopia and, 225–30, 228
native people of Americas and, 18, 29, 30, 134–35, 228
pictographic, 134–35, 230, 288
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 112, 127, 136, 198, 201, 310, 326, 327, 337–38
Latin dictionary (Hernando Colón), 6, 191–93, 233, 239, 242, 306
Latin language, 121, 133, 142, 147, 162, 208, 239, 282
Erasmus’s Bible translation from, 207–08
Jerome’s Bible translation from, 70, 297, 208
library division by, 150, 172, 228
More’s Utopia and, 226, 228
Laurentian Library, Florence, 318
League of Cognac, 273–74
Ledesma, Pedro de, 99, 111, 127
Leibniz, Gottfried, 322, 329
Leo X, Pope (Giovanni de’ Medici), 149, 160–62, 174, 175, 182, 194, 214–15, 218, 230, 275
Leonardo da Vinci, 148–49, 160, 164, 182, 183
Leto, Guilio Pomponio, 41–42, 148
librarians, in Biblioteca Hernandina, 268, 269, 314, 318, 319
libraries
Biblioteca Colombina, Seville, Spain, 6–7, 327
Biblioteca Malatestiana, Cesena, Italy, 286
Colocci’s library, Rome, 275
Landsknechts’ destruction of, 275
Laurentian Library, Florence, 318
Library of Alexandria, Egypt, 123–24, 150, 240, 275
medieval European, 316–17
national, 328–29
order as central principle in, 149, 302–03
Parentucelli’s Canone (list of books) for, 149–50, 171–72
Philip II’s Escorial library, Spain, 328
policies of exclusion in, 150, 172–73
in Renaissance, 149–50, 171–72, 302, 317–18
rise of nationalism and, 329, 331
Royal Library, Hanover, 322
Sanuto’s sale of books, 286
Umayyad library, Córdoba, 287
universal library of all books concept, 3, 209, 276, 287, 303, 316, 327–28
Vatican Library, 148, 150, 153, 171–73, 275, 297
ways of organizing books in, 4
see also Biblioteca Hernandina (Hernando’s library)
Life and Deeds of the Admiral (Hernando’s biography of Columbus), 6, 232, 298–307, 310
assertion of primacy in, 301–02
central claim of, 308–09
Columbus’s writings used in, 298–99
Genoese merchant’s publication of, 326
historiographical controversies about, 6, 337–39
impact upon European history of, 311
Italian translation as source for, 6
La Navidad disaster recorded in, 44–46
Luis Colón’s giving or selling of, 326
The Catalogue of Shipwrecked Books Page 40