Chapter 6
1. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.612, l.1; d.711, l.2.
2. Trotskii, L., Chto i kak proizoshlo. Shest—statei dlya mirovoi burzhuaznoi pechati, Paris, 1929, p. 9. See also Deutscher, I., The Prophet Outcast: Trotsky, 1929-1940, Oxford, 1963, p. 4, which cites this document from the Houghton Library, Trotsky coll.
3. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No. 740, 2374.
4. Trotskii, Chto i kak proizoshlo, op. cit., pp. 10-11.
5. Ibid., pp. 25-7.
6. Arkhiv INO OGPU, 17 548, d.0292, t.1, ll.194-5.
7. Carmichael, J., Trotsky, Jerusalem, 1980, p. 237.
8. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol.12, pp. 191, 197-8.
9. Arkhiv INO OGPU, 17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.1.
10. TsGAOR, f.3316, op. 2, d.83, l.1.
11. Ibid.
12. Pravda, 29 April 1929.
13. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.639, l.28.
14. TsGAOR, f.9401, op. 2, d.168, ll.31-2.
15. Bol—shevik, No.5, 1929, p. 67.
16. Ibid., No.9, 1929, p. 30.
17. Trotsky, Dnevniki i pis—ma, op. cit., pp. 42-3.
18. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.1049, l.96.
19. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (7710-40), folder 2/4.
20. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.1017, t.1, l.202.
21. See Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, op. cit., pp. 26-7.
22. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.106.
23. Byulleten—oppozitsii, No.9, 1930, p. 10.
24. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (8703).
25. Ibid., folder 1.
26. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.217.
27. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.192, l.318.
28. Ibid., d.1425, l.35.
29. Ibid., l.46.
30. Ibid., l.179.
31. Ibid., d.141, ll.39-42.
32. Ibid., l.165.
33. Ibid., d.192, l.317.
34. Ibid., d.141, l.263.
35. Ibid., ll.270-1.
36. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, ll.262-3.
37. Ibid., f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.2-4.
38. Ibid., ll.9-15.
39. Byulleten—oppozitsii, No.86, 1941, pp. 8-10.
40. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.298.
41. Ibid., l.44.
42. Ibid., l.25.
43. Ibid., l.28.
44. Ibid., l.144.
45. Ibid., l.298.
46. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (9134-58), folder 1/2.
47. Trotskii, L., Nemetskaya revolyutsiya i stalinskaya byurokratiya, Berlin, 1932, p. 30.
48. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.173, l.36.
49. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 1, d.173, l.36.
50. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.160.
51. Ibid., ll.54-9.
52. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.12-13, 1930, pp. 25-7.
53. Ibid., No.28, 1932, p. 18.
54. Ibid., No.41, 1935, pp. 3, 7.
55. Ibid., No.42, 1935, p. 4.
56. Ibid., No.47, 1936, p. 2.
57. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.612, vyp.III, l.10.
58. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.75-6, 1939, p. 4.
59. Ibid., No.81, 1940, p. 5.
60. Ibid., Nos.36-7, 1933, p. 10.
61. Ibid., Nos.77-8, 1939.
62. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, ll.185-8.
63. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.74, 1939, p. 2.
64. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.104-5.
65. Ibid., d.22 918, l.11.
66. Ibid., ll.76-8.
67. Ibid., d.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.78.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid., f.17 548, d.0292, l.17.
70. Ibid., l.97.
71. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.113, l.39.
72. Ibid., op. 1, d.467, l.108.
73. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10634-44), p. 1.
74. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No.67, 2634/1.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid., No.91, 330/23, 16/6.
77. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.208.
78. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No.111, 322/1, 2(2).
79. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.33, 1933, p. 30.
80. Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, op. cit., p. 17.
81. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.382, l.164.
82. Ibid., l.415.
83. Ibid., l.375.
84. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10598-631), folder 1/10.
85. Trotsky’s Diary in Exile, op. cit., p. 100.
86. Ibid., p. 116.
87. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.44, 1935, pp. 11-12.
88. Serge, V. and Sedova, N. (trans. Arnold J. Pomerans), The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, London, 1975, p. 219. The translation is ambiguous, and I have rendered the Russian original differently, in order to emphasize that Trotsky thought his son was indeed still alive. The English edition of the book has: ‘Perhaps my death would have saved Sergei.’ [HS]
89. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10031-248), folder 4/16.
90. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.46, 1935, p. 6.
91. TsAMO, f.32, op. 701 323, d.38, ll.14-16.
92. Sedov, L., Le Livre Rouge sur le Procès de Moscou, Paris, 1936.
93. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.612, vyp.III, l.10.
94. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.122.
95. Ibid., ll.144-5.
96. Deutscher, I., The Prophet Outcast, op. cit., p. 393.
97. Andrew, C. and Gordievsky, O., KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev, London, 1990, pp. 128-129.
98. Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, op. cit., p. 401 and Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.64, 1938, pp. 2, 4, 8.
99. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.141.
100. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis’ma, op. cit., p. 156.
101. Ibid., pp. 44-5.
102. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.66-7, 1938, p. 32.
103. See Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed, op. cit., pp. 408-9, n.1.
104. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.254.
105. Ibid., f.17 458, d.0192, t.2, l.127.
106. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis’ma, op. cit., pp. 56, 58.
107. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1. (10598-631), folder 1/10, p. 2. Cited from Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, op. cit., p. 265.
108. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.42, 1935, pp. 7-8.
109. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.81-2.
110. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis’ma, op. cit., pp. 98, 124.
111. Trotskii, L., Predannaya revolyutsiya, Paris, 1937, pp. 26-7.
112. Ibid., pp. 67-71, 79, 81.
113. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, ll.130-2.
114. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 1-2.
115. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.73.
116. Izvestiya, 30 August 1936.
117. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.81-2.
118. Ibid., ll.88-9.
119. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.612, vyp.III, l.21.
120. Ibid.
121. Ibid., ll.1-5.
122. Ibid., ll.18, 37.
123. Ibid., l.10.
124. Ibid., ll.15-19.
125. Ibid., l.34.
126. Ibid., ll.77-8.
127. Ibid., op. 2, d.577, ll.1-7.
128. Sudebnyi otchet po delu antisovetskogo trotskistkogo tsentra, Moscow, 1937, pp. 42-5.
129. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.83.
130. Pravda, 9 December 1948.
131. TsGASA, f.33 986, op. 3, d.1084, l.38.
132. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, d.22 918, ll.26-8.
133. Ibid., f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.98.
134. Ibid., l.42.
135. Ibid., l.140a-c.
136. TsPA I
ML, f.17, op. 2, d.612, l.31.
137. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.79, l.316.
138. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.65, 1938, pp. 3-4.
139. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.122, ll.125-6.
140. Orlov, A., Tainaya istoriya stalinskikh prestuplenii, New York, 1983, p. 279.
141. Trotskii, L., Stalin, New York, 1985, vol.1, p. 7.
142. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.1268, l.1.
143. TsGAOR, f.9401, op. 2, d.199, l.197.
144. Ugolovni Kodeks RSFSR. S izmeneniyami na 1 iyulia 1938. Moscow, 1938, pp. 26-33.
145. TsGAOR, f.9401, op. 2, d.199, ll.198-200.
146. Ibid., t.1, ll.169-70.
147. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10091-248), folder 9/16.
148. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.228.
149. The Gelfand Case, Labour Publications, London, 1985, vol.1, p. 11.
150. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.577, ll.35-41.
151. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.16.
152. Ibid., f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.131.
153. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No. 137, 330/350.
154. Serge and Sedova, The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, op. cit., pp. 219-21.
155. Ibid., p. 221.
156. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 66o, d.9067, t.1, l.79.
157. Preliminary Commission of Inquiry, The Case of Leon Trotsky, New York and London, 1937.
158. TsGAOR, f.5413, op. 4, d.14, ll.15-27.
159. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.987, l.170.
160. Ibid., d.989, l.260.
161. Ibid., d.987, op. 3, d.989, ll.253, 304.
162. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.989, l.308.
163. Bol’shevik, No.3, 1937, pp. 1-2.
164. Ibid., p. 2.
165. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.70, 1938, p. 10.
166. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.190.
167. Ibid., ll.202-18.
168. Situras, 8 September 1990.
169. Ibid., p. 3.
170. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.163.
171. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (7710-40), folder 1/2, p. 2.
172. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (8699-702), p. 1.
173. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10598-631), folder 1/10, p. 2.
174. Quatrième Internationale No.3, 1937, p. 12.
175. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17548, d.0292, t.1, l.61.
176. Ibid., f.31 660, d.9067, t.2, l.251.
177. Ibid., t.1, l.312.
178. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 2, d.1, ll.2-3.
179. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.141.
180. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 2, d.1, l.1.
181. Ibid., op. 1-2, d.1, ll.199-200.
182. Quatrième Internationale, Nos.12-13, 1938, pp. 172-81.
183. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.72, 1038, p. 4.
184. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.262.
185. Ibid., ll.184, 186.
186. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 2, d.1, l.1; Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.184, 186.
187. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, ll.159-65.
188. Klehr, H., Haynes, J.E., Firsov, F.I., The Secret World of American Communism, New Haven and London, 1995, p. 142.
189. Quatrième Internationale, Nos.12-13, 1938, p. 218.
190. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 2, d.1, l.115.
191. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, June 1941; see also Volkogonov, Lenin: Life and Legacy, op. cit., pp. 399ff, for a detailed account of Moscow’s funding of foreign Communist Parties.
192. TsPA IML, f.558. op. 2, d.6118, l.35.
193. Trotsky, Dnevniki i pis’ma, op. cit., pp. 160-2.
194. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.293, l.3.
195. Ibid., d.1299, l.1.
196. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.48, 1936, p. 4.
197. See Howe, I., Leon Trotsky, New York, 1978, pp. 124.
198. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.258.
199. Serge and Sedova, The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, op. cit., p. 248.
200. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.58-9, 1937, p. 5.
201. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10788), p. 2.
Chapter 7
1. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.1165, l.1.
2. Ibid., d.621, ll.1-3.
3. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.13, p. 101.
4. Ibid., vol.3, pt.2, p. 209.
5. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.13, pp. 27-8.
6. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.32, ll.121-124.
7. Lenin, PSS vol.37, p. 490.
8. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.202, l.1.
9. Ibid., d.1318, ll.1-3.
10. Ibid., d.914, l.1.
11. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.66-7, 1938, p. 3.
12. Ibid., p. 2.
13. Ibid., No.71, 1938, p. 16.
14. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.32, l.34.
15. Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, op. cit., p. 479; Trotskii, Dnevniki i Pis’ma, op. cit., p. 165.
16. Marx, K., Kapital, vol.1, p. 86.
17. Trotskii, Chto takoe SSSR i kuda on idet?, op. cit., p. 229.
18. Ibid., p. 235.
19. Ibid., p. 237.
20. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.42, 1935, p. 4.
21. Ibid., Nos.60-1, 1937, p. 4.
22. Ibid., Nos.79-80, August-October 1939, pp. 14-16.
23. Trotskii, Chto takoe SSSR i kuda on idet?, op. cit., p. 173.
24. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.864, l.241.
25. Ibid., l.248.
26. Ibid., d.828, ll.56-9.
27. TsGASA, f.3, op. 2, d.1006, l.3.
28. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.1006, l.30.
29. Trotskii, L., O Lenine. Materialy dlya biografa, Moscow, 1924, p.vi.
30. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.347, l.2.
31. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.2.
32. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (9452-7), p. 1.
33. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10793-805).
34. Novyi grad, No.1, Paris, 1931, p. 92.
35. Valentinov, N., Maloizvestnyi Lenin, Paris, 1972, p. 184.
36. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.14, 1930, pp. 6-12.
37. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.1, pp. 135-6.
38. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.68-9, 1938, p. 14.
39. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.478, l.13.
40. Trotsky, L., Stalin, Universal Library, New York, 1941, pp. 413-14.
41. Ibid., p. 336.
42. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.2, pt.1, p. 56.
43. Ibid., p. 57.
44. See Sverchkov, D., Na zare revolyutsii, Moscow, 1922, pp. 5-9.
45. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.193.
46. Ibid., f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.83.
47. Ibid., ll.60-7.
48. Trotskii, Istoriya russkoy revolyutsii, op. cit., vol.1, p. 6.
49. Ibid., p. 501.
50. Ibid., vol.2, pt.2, p. 314.
51. Ibid., p. 319.
52. Ibid., pp. 376-377.
53. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (7314-18).
54. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, ll.127-8.
55. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, no.35, 1933, pp. 20-21.
56. Trotskii, Stalinskaya shkola fal’sifikatsii, op. cit., 1932, p. 38.
57. Ibid., pp. 96-7.
58. Ibid., p. 38.
59. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.1075, l.42.
60. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.49, ll.3-4.
61. TsGAOR, f.3316, op. 2, d.1613, ll.3-18.
62. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.773, l.297.
63. Trotskii, Stalin, op. cit., vol.2, p. 218.
64. Balabanova, A., Impressions of Lenin, Ann Arbor, 1964, p. 82.
65. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.45, 1935, p. 16.
66. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.113, l.209.
67. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol. 12, pt. 2, p. 31.
68. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.113, l.209.
69. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.32, l.187.
70. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.80, l.319.
71. Ibid., op. 1, d.573, ll.238-65.
72. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.454.
73. Voroshilov, K., Stalin i Krasnaya Armiya, Moscow, 1929, p. 27.
74. In Trotskii, Stalinskaya shkola fal’sifikatsii, op. cit., p. 201.
75. TsAMO, f.112, op. 1260, d.7, l.8.
76. Ibid., l.9.
77. Prikazy Narkoma oborony Soyuza SSR (1937-1941), Moscow, 1941, pp. 18-19.
78. Sudebnyi otchet po delu antisovetskogo trotskistkogo tsentra, Moscow, 1937, p. 258.
79. TsPA IML, f.558, op. 2, d.6118, ll.35-6.
80. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos. 21-2, 1931, p. 17.
81. TsPA IML, f.558, op. 2, d.6118, l.35.
82. Sudoplatov, P., Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness—a Soviet Spy-Master, London, 1994.
83. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, ll.190-3.
84. Ibid., f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.141.
85. DV personal archives. Kopiya zayavelniya P.A. Sudophtova ot 27 vi 1989 g. General’nomu Prokuroru SSSR Sukharevu, A.Ye.
86. Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, op. cit., pp. 479-82.
87. DV personal archives. Kopiya pis’ma PA. Sudoplatova v Komissiyu Politburo TsK KPSS po rassmotreniyu zayavlenii o neobosnovannykh repressssiaykh ot 17 fevralya 1987.
88. Klehr et al, The Secret World of American Communism, op.cit.
89. Serge and Sedova, The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, op. cit., p. 225.
90. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos. 58-9, 1937, p. 23.
91. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.612, v. 111, l.10.
92. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.79, 83.
93. Sudebnyi otchet po delu pravotrotskistskogo bloka, Moscow, 1938, p. 343.
94. Ibid., pp. 343-75.
95. Ibid., p. 331-2.
96. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.577, l.39.
97. Ibid., l.37.
98. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.3, l.218.
99. TsOA KGB, f.6, op. 1-7, d.161, l.88.
100. Ibid., l.105.
101. DV personal archives. Kopiya pis’ma P.A. Sudoplatova v Komissiyu Politburo TsK KPSS po rassmotreniyu zayavlenii o neobosnovannykh repressssiaykh ot 17 fevralya 1987.
102. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.33 660, d.9067, t.1, l.163
103. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, ll.158, 159, 163-4, 216.
104. Ibid., l.216.
105. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.68-9, 1938, p. 4.
106. Ibid., N0.73, 1939, p. 15.
107. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.232.
108. DV personal archives. Kopiya pis’ma N.I. Eitingona Pervomu Sekretaryu TsK KPSS N.S. Khrushchevu.
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