109. Politisches Archiv, Geheime Akten, R-31514, Russland, Pol.2, adh.2.
110. Sudebnyi otchet po delu antisovetskogo trotskistkogo tsentra, Moscow, 1937, p. 332.
111. DV personal archives. Kopiya pis’ma N.I. Eitingona Pervomu Sekretaryu TsK KPSS N.S. Khrushchevu.
112. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.312.
113. New York Times, 6 November 1958; 30 November 1962; 14 December 1962.
114. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.1 103, l.149.
115. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, ll.128-9.
116. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, Nos.66-7, 1938, p. 32.
117. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (7710-40), folder 1/4.
118. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.166.
119. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 2, d.1, l.174.
120. Ibid., l.18.
121. Siqueiros, D., Menya nazyvali likhim polkovnikom. Vospominaniya, Moscow, 1986, p. 220.
122. Ibid., p. 223.
123. Fernandes Tomas, J., Españoles del Comunismo, Madrid, 1976, pp. 191-4.
124. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10806-48), folder 3/4.
125. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (10806-49), folder 2/5.
126. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.87, 1941, p. 11.
127. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.270.
128. Serge and Sedova, The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, op. cit., p. 259.
129. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis’ma, op. cit., pp. 163-4.
130. Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, op. cit., p. 74
131. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.84, 1940, p. 8.
132. Siqueiros, Menya nazyvali likhim polkovnikom, op. cit., p. 225.
133. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.60, l.15.
134. Ibid., d.426, l.218.
135. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.163.
136. Levine, Isaac Don, L’Homme qui a tué Trotsky, Paris, 1960.
137. See El Mundo, 31 July 1990.
138. Trotsky’s Diary in Exile, op. cit., pp. 139-40, 141.
139. Ibid., pp. 139-41.
140. Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.84, 1940, p. 25.
141. Ibid., Nos.21-2, 1931, pp. 7-35.
142. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, ll.143, 159, 215.
143. Ibid., l.216.
144. Izvestiya TsK KPSS No. 12, 1990, pp. 126-7.
145. TsAMO, f.32, op. 701 233, d.38, ll.14-16.
146. Trotsky’s Diary in Exile, op. cit., p. 140.
147. Serge and Sedova, The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, op. cit., pp. 266-7.
148. Levine, L’Homme qui a tué Trotsky, op. cit., p. 10.
149. Serge and Sedova, The Life and Death of Leon Trotsky, op. cit., p. 267.
150. Ibid., pp. 267-8; Byulleten’ oppozitsii, No.85, 1941, pp. 1-5.
151. El Mundo, 31 July 1990.
152. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.12, p. 59.
153. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.140.
154. Pravda, 24 August 1940.
155. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 2, d.414, l.1.
156. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.60, l.55.
157. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.17, l.217.
158. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.467, l.56.
159. Ibid., l.156.
160. Valentinov, Vstrecht’s Leninym, op. cit., p. 313.
161. Novyi grad, No. 1, pp. 93-4.
162. TsPA IML, f.505, op. 1, d.65, ll.1-32.
163. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (9508-678), folder 13/14.
164. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol.6, p. 324.
165. Zinoviev, G., Leninizm. Vvedenie v izucheniye Leninizma, Leningrad, 1925, p. 160.
166. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (9508-675), folder 13/14.
167. Knei-Paz, B., The Social and Political Thought of Leon Trotsky, Oxford, 1978, p. 5.
168. Trotskii, L., Mirovoi khozyaistvennyi krizis i novye zadachi Kominterna, Moscow, 1921, p. 26.
169. Aronson, G. (ed.), Martov i ego blizkie, New York, 1959, p. 77.
170. Trotskii, L., Zapad i vostok, Moscow, 1924, p. 120.
171. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.31 660, d.9067, t.1, l.60.
172. Chetvertyi Internatsional. Zhurnal Internatsional’nogo Marksizma, 1989, pp. 1-63.
173. Trotskii, L., Pyat’ let Kominterna, Moscow-Leningrad, 1925, p. 604.
174. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (1882).
175. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (13-205).
176. TsPA IML, f.552, op. 2, d.1, l.1
177. Ibid., l.113.
178. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1-2.
179. Ibid., f.31 660, d.9067, t.1. l.164.
180. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.577, l.25.
181. TsGAOR, f.5143, op. 1, d.614, l.21.
182. Ibid., d.615, ll.18-35.
183. Ibid., op. 4, d.2, ll.6, 26.
184. Ziv, Trotskii, op. cit., p. 95.
185. TsGAOR, f.3316, op. 2, d.1613, l.33.
186. Ibid., ll.102-8.
187. Ibid., ll.131-2.
188. Ziv, Trotskii, op. cit., p. 93.
189. Stakhanov, A., Rasskaz o moei zhizni, Moscow, 1937, pp. 125-6.
190. Gippius, Z., Stikhotvoreniya, Paris, 1931, p. 126.
Epilogue
1. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.16, l.198.
2. Ibid., d.18, l.309.
3. Novyi grad, No.1, p. 92.
4. Lenin, PSS vol.31, p. 133.
5. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., Russ.bMS.13.1 (10788).
6. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.2, l.60.
7. TsGAOR, f.9401, op. 2, d.176, t.2, l.361.
8. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.17, pt.2, p. 326.
9. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.685, ll.54-68.
10. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.355, l.15.
11. Ibid., d.167, ll.7, 24-25.
12. Arkhiv INO OGPU-NKVD, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.468.
13. Novyi grad, No.1, 1931, p. 93.
Above: Trotsky with his first wife, Alexandra Sokolovskaya, in the summer of 1902. They were married in prison in Moscow in 1900 and exiled to Siberia with their daughter of ten months, Zinaida.
Left: Trotsky with his daughter Zinaida in 1906.
The 1905 revolution. Demonstration of Social Democrats in St Petersburg in October.
Trial of the St. Petersburg Soviet. Trotsky is second from the left in the second row.
Trotsky with Alexander Helphand (Parvus, left) and Lev Deutsch at the time of their arrest in St Petersburg in December 1905. They would be sentenced to exile in Siberia for life in December 1906, and escaped in 1907.
Left: Trotsky reading his newly-founded Pravda in Vienna in 1910. Lenin appropriated the title in 1912.
Below: Trotsky arrives in St Petersburg from the USA on 17 May 1917.
Above: The St Petersburg Soviet meeting in the Tauride Palace, February 1917. Council, or Soviet, sessions were of this mass character. The Executive Committee of the Soviet, although numbering only two dozen or so members, was generally mobbed by hundreds of soldiers’ and workers’ delegates from the front and local factories.
Left: Trotsky’s second wife, Natalya Ivanovna Sedova, whom he met in Paris in 1903. Photographed in the 1930s.
Trotsky with Soviet delegates Admiral Altfater and Lev Kamenev (both on right) at the Brest-Litovsk peace talks in January 1918.
Trotsky (standing to the left of the left-hand rail) being filmed on the Eastern Front with his armoured train, 1918.
Trotsky visiting the Western Front during the Civil War.
Above: Trotsky talking to a young Red Army recruit.
Right: Trotsky with his deputy Sklyansky and chief of staff S.S. Kamenev (in pointed hat), August 1921.
Right: Recruiting poster for the Red Army.
Below: Red Army men in 1918. The first recruits were poorly equipped and wore rag-tag uniform.
The Red Army captures Kazan, September 1918.
Trotsky
’s armoured train at Tsaritsyn, 1918.
Sketch of Trotsky by F. Malyavin, 1920.
The Red Army advancing over the frozen Baltic to suppress the sailors and soldiers of the Kronstadt garrison rebelling against Bolshevik policies, March 1921. Bolshevik delegates at the Tenth Party Congress in Moscow were among the assault force.
Interrogation of a sailor by government forces at Kronstadt, 1921.
Lenin, Trotsky and Voroshilov among Red Army men after the suppression of the Kronstadt revolt.
The Praesidium of the Second Congress of Comintern, Moscow, 1920.
Trotsky inspects the Red Army at a parade honouring the Third Congress of Comintern, 1921.
Above left: Polish caricature of Trotsky during the Civil War.
Above right: White caricature of Trotsky during the Civil War.
Left: Trotsky slaying the counter-revolutionary dragon: poster by Deni.
Lenin’s funeral, Red Square, 27 January 1924.
On Lenin’s tomb, 7 November 1924. Left to right: Voroshilov, Trotsky, Kalinin, Frunze, Budenny and Clara Zetkip.
Trotsky and Stalin carrying Dzerzhinsky’s coffin, July 1926. From left to right: Rykov, Tukhachevsky (?), Kalinin, Trotsky, Kamenev, Stalin, unidentified, Bukharin.
Trotsky with group of Oppositionists expelled from the Party in 1928. Front row left to right: Serebryakov, Radek, Trotsky, Boguslavsky, Preobrazhensky; back row: Rakovsky, Drobnis, Beloborodov, Sosnovsky.
Trotsky’s last holiday in the Soviet Union, at Sukhumi on the Black Sea, probably 1927.
Trotsky with his wife Natalya and his son Lev Sedov in Alma-Ata, 1928.
Trotsky on Prinkipo, Turkey, 1929.
Trotsky depicted on a propaganda float in Leningrad, 1930, running at the heels of world imperialism.
Above: One of the Moscow trials in progress.
Right: Anti-Trotskyist Soviet propaganda by Deni (following the Party line), 1930.
State Prosecutor Andrei Vyshinsky (centre) at the Moscow trials.
Workers demonstrating their support for the Moscow trials.
Above: Trotsky’s elder son, Lev Sedov.
Right: Trotsky’s younger son, Sergei Sedov.
Below: Olga Kameneva, Trotsky’s sister and Kamenev’s wife.
Right: Trotsky in Mexico, 1938, with (from left) Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, Natalya, Reba Hansen, André Breton, a Mexican Trotskyist, Jesús Casas (head of the police garrison guarding Trotsky’s house), one of Rivera’s drivers and Jean van Heijenoort.
Below: Trotsky dictating to one of his secretaries in the 1930s.
At the Dewey Commission’s hearings in Mexico City, April 1937. From the left: Jean van Heijenoort, Albert Goldman (Trotsky’s US lawyer), Trotsky, Natalya, and the Czech Trotskyist Jan Frankel.
Trotsky with two of his security guards in Mexico.
Trotsky with Natalya on a cactus-collecting expedition, Mexico 1940.
Trotsky feeding his rabbits, 1940.
Above: Trotsky’s study after Ramon Mercader’s attack, 20 August 1940.
Left: Mercader after his arrest.
Mercader re-enacting his attack during the investigation.
Trotsky on his death-bed.
Trotsky’s funeral procession, Mexico City, 22 August
Trotsky’s grandson, Esteban (Vsevolod-Seva) Volkov, at his grandfather’s grave in Mexico City in 1989.
Trotsky Page 68