by Hew Strachan
Joll, James, The Second International 1889–1914 (London, 1975).
—— The origins of the First World War (London, 1984).
Jones, A. Philip, Britain’s search for Chinese co-operation in the First World War (New York, 1986).
Jones, Archer, and Andrew J. Keogh, ‘The Dreadnought revolution: another look’, Military Affairs, XLIV (1985), 124–31.
Jones, David, ‘Nicholas II and the supreme command: an investigation of motives, Sbornik, XI (1985), 47–83.
—— (ed.), The military-naval encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union (Gulf Breeze, 1978–).
Jones, Gareth Stedman, ‘Working-class culture and working-class politics in London, 1870–1900: notes on the remaking of a working class’, Journal of Social History, VII (1973–4), 460–508.
Jones, G. Gareth, ‘The British government and the oil companies, 1912–1924: the search for an oil policy, Historical Journal, XX (1977), 647–72.
Jordan, Gerald (ed.), Naval warfare in the twentieth century 1900–1945: essays in honour of Arthur Marder (London, 1977).
Jose, Arthur W., The Royal Australian Navy 1914–1918 (Sydney, 1935).
Jost, Walter, and Friedrich Folger (eds.), Was wir vom Weltkrieg nicht wissen (Leipzig, 1936).
Kaiser, David, ‘Germany and the origins of the First World War’, Journal of Modern History, LV (1983), 442–74.
Kakwenzaire, P. K, ‘Sayyid Muhammad Abdille Hassan, Lij Yasu and the World War I politics: 1914–1916’, Transcaspian Journal of History, XIV (1985), 36–45.
Kann, Robert, Bela K. Kiraly, and Paula S. Fichtner (eds.), The Habsburg empire in World War I: essays on the intellectual, military, political and economic aspects of the Habsburg war effort (New York, 1977).
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—— Le Temps des Américains: le concours américain à la France en 1917–1918 (Paris, 1976).
Katzenellenbogen, S. E., ‘Southern Africa and the war of1914–18, in M. R. D. Foot (ed.), War and society (London, 1973).
Kautsky, Karl (ed.), Die deutschen Dokumente zum Kriegsausbruch 1914, 4 vols. (Berlin, 1922).
Kedourie, Elie, England and the middle east: the destruction of the Ottoman empire 1914–1921 (London, 1956).
Keegan, John, The mask of command, (London, 1987).
—— The First World War (London, 1998).
Keiger, John F. V., France and the origins of the First World War (London, 1983).
—— ‘Jules Cambon and Franco-German détente, 1907–1914’, Historical Journal, XXVl (1983), 641–59.
Keithly, David M., ‘Did Russia also have war aims in 1914?’, East European Quarterly, XXI (1987), 137–45.
Kelly, R. B. Talbot, A subaltern’s odyssey: a memoir of the Great War 1915–1917 (London, 1980).
Kenez, Peter, ‘A profile of the prerevolutionary officer corps’, California Slavic Studies, VII (1973), 121–58.
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Kennedy, Paul, The rise of the Anglo-German antagonism 1860–1914 (London, 1980).
—— The rise and fall of the great powers: economic change and military conflict from 1500 to 2000 (London, 1988).
—— (ed.), The war plans of the great powers 1880–1914 (London, 1979).
Kent, Marian (ed.), The great powers and the end of the Ottoman empire (London, 1984).
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—— ‘Beasts of burden: British West African carriers in the First World War’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, XII (1979), 5–23.
—— ‘Labour exploitation for military campaigns in British colonial Africa 1870–1945’, Journal of Contemporary History, XXIV (1989), 483–501.
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King, Jere Clemens, Generals and politicians: conflict between France’s high command, parliament and government, 1914–1918 (Berkeley, 1951).
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Kirby, David, War, peace and revolution: international socialism at the crossroads 1914–1918 (Aldershot, 1986).
Kirkaldy, A. W. (ed.), British finance during and after the war 1914–21 (London, 1921).
Kitchen, Martin, The German officer corps 1890–1914 (Oxford, 1968).
—— The silent dictatorship: the politics of the German high command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916–1918 (London, 1976).
Kiszling, Rudolf, Österreich-Ungarns Anteil am Ersten Weltkrieg (Graz, 1958).
Kjellen, Rudolf, Die politischen Probleme des Weltkrieges (Leipzig, 1916).
Klein, Fritz, Deutschland im ersten Weltkrieg, 3 vols. (Berlin, 1968).
Klein-Arendt, Reinhard, ’Kamina ruft Nauen!’ Die Funkstellen in den deutschen Kolonien 1904–1918 (Ostheim/Rhön, 1996).
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Kocka, Jürgen, Facing total war: German society 1914–1918 (Leamington Spa, 1984; first published 1973).
Koeltz, L., La Guerre de 1914–1918: les opérations militaires (Paris, 1966).
Koss, Stephen, Asquith (London, 1976).
Koss, Stephen E., ‘The destruction of Britain’s last Liberal government, Journal of Modern History, XL (1968), 257–77.
Kraft, Heinz, Staatsräson und Kriegführung im kaiserlichen Deutschland 1914–1916. Der Gegensatz zwischen dem Generalstabschef von Falkenhayn und dem Oberbefehlshaber Ost im Rahmen des Bundniskreiges der Mittelmächte (Göttingen, 1980).
Krauss, Alfred, Die Ursachen unserer Niederlage. Erinnerungen und Urteile aus dem Weltkrieg, 3rd edn. (Munich, 1923).
Kress von Kressenstein, Friedrich, Mit dem Türken zum Suezkanal (Berlin, 1938).
Kriegel, Annie, Le Pain et les roses: jalons pour une histoire des socialismes (Paris, 1968).
——and Jean-Jacques Becker, 1914: la patrie et le mouvement ouvrier français (Paris 1964).
Krieger, Leonard, and Fritz Stern (eds.), The responsibility of power: historical essays in honor of Hajo Holborn (London, 1968).
Kroboth, Rudolf, Die Finanzpolitik des deutschen Reiches während der Reichskanzlerschaft Bethmann Hollwegs und die Geld und Kapitalmarktverhältnisse (1909–1913/14) (Frankfurt am Main, 1986).
Krohn, Claus-Dieter, ‘Geldtheorien in Deutschland während der Inflation 1914 bis 1924, in Gerald D. Feldman, Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich, Gerhard A. Ritter, and Peter Christian Witt (eds.), Die Anpassung an die Inflation (Berlin, 1986).
Kronenbitter, Gunther, ‘Die Macht der Illusionen. Julikrise und Kriegsausbruch 1914 aus der Sicht des deutschen Militärattaches in Wien’, Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen, 57 (1998), 519–50.
Krumeich, Gerd, Armaments and politics in France on the eve of the First World War: the introduction of three-year conscription 1913–1914 (Leamington Spa, 1984; first published 1980).
—— Jeanne d’Arc in der Geschichte. Historiographie—Politik—Kultur (Sigmaringen, 1989)
Kruse, Wolfgang, ‘Die Kriegsbegeisterung im deutschen Reich zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges’, in Marcel van der Linden and Gottfried Mergner (eds.), Kriegsbegeisterung und mentale Kriegsvorbereitung (Berlin, 1991).
—— Krieg und nationale Integration: eine
Neuinterpretation des sozialdemokratischen Burgfriedensschlusses 1914/15 (Essen, 1993).
—— (ed.), Eine Welt von Feinden. Der Grosse Krieg 1914–1918 (Frankfurt am Main, 1997).
Kuhl, Hermann, Le Grand état-major allemand, ed. Général Douchy (Paris, 1922; first published 1920).
Kühlmann, Richard von, Erinnerungen (Heidelberg, 1948).
Labbeke, W., ‘The first three months: the campaign of the Belgian army in 1914’, Stand to! 28 (spring 1990), 20–6.
Lackey, Scott W., The rebirth of the Habsburg army: Friedrich Beck and the rise of the general staff (Westport, Conn., 1995).
La Fargue, Thomas Edward, China and the world war (Stanford, 1937).
La Gorce, Paul-Marie de (ed.), La Première Guerre Mondiale, 2 vols. (Paris, 1991).
Laloy, Émile, ‘French military theory 1871–1914 ‘, The Military Historian and Economist, II (1917), 267–86.
Lambert, Nicholas A., ‘Admiral Sir John Fisher and the concept of flotilla defence, 1904–1909’, Journal of Military History, LIX (1995), 639–60.
—— ‘British naval policy, 1913–1914: financial limitation and strategic revolution’, Journal of Modern History, LXVII (1995), 595–626. ‘
——“Our bloody ships” or “our bloody system”? Jutland and the loss of the battle cruisers, 1916 ‘, Journal of Military History, LXII (1998), 29–55.
Lambi, Ivo Nikolai, The navy and German power politics, 1862–1914 (Boston, 1984).
Lampe, John R., The Bulgarian economy in the twentieth century (London, 1986).
Landau, Jacob M., Pan-Turkism in Turkey: a study of irridentism (London, 1981).
—— The politics of pan-Islam: ideology and organization (Oxford, 1990).
Langdon, John W., July 1914: the long debate, 1918–1990 (New York, 1991).
L’Ange, Gerald, Urgent imperial service: South African forces in German South West Africa 1914–1915 (Rivonia, 1991).
Lange, Karl, Marneschlacht und deutsche Öffentlichkeit 1914–1939. Eine verdrängte Niederlage und ihre Folgen (Dusseldorf, 1974).
Lange, Sven, Hans Delbrück und der ‘Strategiestreit’: Kriegführung und Kriegsgeschichte in der Kontroverse 1879–1914 (Freiburg, 1995).
Laqueur, Walter, Young Germany: a history of the German youth movement (London, 1962).
Larcher, M., La Guerre turque dans la guerre mondiale (Paris, 1926).
—— ‘Données statistiques concernant la guerre 1914–1918’, Revue militaire française, 140 (février 1933), 190–204; 141 (mars 1933), 291–303; 142 (avril 1933), 44–52.
—— ‘Données statistiques sur les forces francaises’, Revue militaire française, 155 (mai 1934), 198–223; 156 (juin 1934), 351–63.
Latzko, Andreas, Men in battle (London, 1930; first published 1918).
Lautenschlager, Karl, ‘Technology and the evolution of naval warfare, International security, VII (1983), 3–51.
Laux, James M., ‘Trucks in the west during the First World War’, Journal of Transport History, 3rd series, VI (1985), 64–70.
Le Bon, Gustave, The psychology of the Great War (London, 1916).
Le Révérend, André, Lyautey (Paris, 1983).
Leslie, John Duncan, ‘Austria-Hungary’s eastern policy in the First World War, August 1914 to August 1915’, Cambridge University Ph.D. thesis, 1975.
—— ‘(Österreich-Ungarn vor dem Kriegsausbruch. Der Ballhausplatz in Wien im Juli 1914 aus der Sicht eines österreicher-ungarischen Diplomaten, in Ralph Melville, Claus Scharf, Martin Vogt, and Ulrich Wengenroth (eds.), Deutschland und Europa in der Neuzeit 2. Halbband (Stuttgart, 1988).
‘The antecedents of Austria-Hungary’s war aims: policies and policy-makers in Vienna and Budapest before and during 1914’, Wiener Beiträge zur Geschichte der Neuzeit, XX (1993), 307–94.
Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von, My reminiscences of East Africa, 2nd edn. (London, [1922]).
Lewis, Bernard, The emergence of modern Turkey (London, 1961).
Lewis, Geoffrey, ‘The Ottoman proclamation of Jihad in 1914’, in Arabic and Islamic garland: historical, educational and literary papers presented to Abdul-Latif Tibawi (London, 1977).
Liang, Hsi-Huey, The rise of modern police and the European state system from Metternich to the Second World War (Cambridge, 1992).
Lieven, D. C. B., Russia and the origins of the First World War (London, 1983).
—— Nicholas II: emperor of all the Russias (London, 1993).
Liman von Sanders, Otto, Five years in Turkey (Annapolis, 1927; first published 1920).
Lincoln, W. Bruce, Passage through Armageddon: the Russians in war and revolution 1914–1918 (New York, 1986).
Lindsay, J. H., The London Scottish in the Great War (London, 1925).
Linke, Horst Günther, ‘Russlands Weg in den Ersten Weltkrieg und seine Kriegsziele 1914–1917’, Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen, 32 (1982), 9–34.
Linnenkohl, Hans, Vom Einzelschuss zur Feuerwalze. Der Wettlauf zwischen Technik und Taktik im Ersten Weltkrieg (Bonn, 1996).
Lobanov-Rostovsky, A., The grinding mill: reminiscences of war and revolution in Russia, 1913–1920 (New York, 1935).
Longley, D. A., ‘The Russian Social Democrats’ statement to the Duma on 26 July (8 August) 1914: a new look at the evidence’, English Historical Review, CII (1987), 599–621.
Lotz, Walther, Die deutsche Staatsfinanzwirtschaft im Kriege (Stuttgart, 1927).
Louis, Wm. Roger, Ruanda-Urundi 1884–1919 (Oxford, 1963).
—— Great Britain and Germany’s lost colonies 1914–1919 (Oxford, 1967).
—— ‘The origins of the “sacred trust”’, in Ronald Segal and Ruth First (eds.), South West Africa: travesty of trust (London, 1967).
Lowe, Peter, Britain and Japan 1911–1915: a study of British far eastern policy (London, 1969).
Lübbe, Hermann, Politische Philosophie in Deutschland. Studien zu ihrer Geschichte (Munich, 1974; first published 1963).
Lucas, Charles (ed.), The empire at war, 5 vols. (Oxford, 1921–6).
Lucas, James, Fighting troops of the Austro-Hungarian army 1868–1914 (Tunbridge Wells, 1987).
Lucas, [P. M. H.], L’Évolution des idées tactiques en France et en Allemagne pendant la guerre de 1914–1918 (Paris, 1923).
Ludendorff, Erich, My war memories 1914–1918, 2 vols. (London, 1919).
—— Urkunden der obersten Heeresleitung über ihre Tätigkeit 1916–18 (Berlin, 1920).
Lumby, E. W. R. (ed.), Policy and operations in the Mediterranean 1912–14 (London, 1970).
Lutz, Ralph Haswell (ed.), Documents of the German revolution: fall of the German empire 1914–1918, 2 vols. (Stanford, 1932).
Luvaas, Jay, The education of an army: British military thought, 1815–1940 (London, 1965).
Lyautey, Pierre, Lyautey l’Africain: textes et lettres du maréchal Lyautey, 4 vols. (Paris, 1953–7).
Lyon, James M. B., ‘“A peasant mob”: the Serbian army on the eve of the Great War’, Journal of Military History, LXI (1997), 481–502.
Lyth, Peter J., inflation and the merchant economy: the Hamburg Mittelstand 1914–1924 (New York, 1990)
McCallum, Iain, ‘Achilles heel? Propellants and high explosives, 1880–1916’, War Studies Journal, IV (1999), 65–83.
Macdonald, Catriona M. M., and E. W. McFarland (eds.), Scotland and the Great War (East Linton, 1999)
McDonald, David MacLaren, United government and foreign policy in Russia 1900–1914 (Cambridge Mass., 1992).
McEwen, John M., ‘The national press during the First World War: ownership and circulation’, Journal of Contemporary History, XVII (1982), 459–86.
Macife, A. L., The end of the Ottoman empire 1908–1923 (London, 1998).
McGibbon, Ian, The path to Gallipoli: defending New Zealand 1840–1915 (Wellington, 1991).
McKale, Donald M., ‘“The Kaiser’s spy”: Max von Oppenheim and the Anglo-German rivalry before and during the First World War’, European History Quarterly, XXVII (1997), 199–219.
&nbs
p; —— War by revolution: Germany and Great Britain in the Middle East in the era of World War I (Kent, Ohio, 1998).
McKean, Robert B., St Petersburg between the revolutions: workers and revolutionaries, June 1907–February 1917 (New Haven, 1990).
Mackenzie, S. S., The Australians at Rabaul: the capture and administration of the German possessions in the South Pacific (Sydney, 1927).
McKercher, B. J. C., and Keith E. Neilson, ‘“The triumph of unarmed forces”: Sweden and the allied blockade of Germany, 1914–1917’, Journal of Strategic Studies, VII (1984), 178–99
McKibbin, Ross, The evolution of the Labour party 1910–1924 (Oxford, 1974).
—— ‘Why was there no Marxism in Great Britain?, English Historical Review, XCIX (1984), 297–331
McLaughlin, Peter, Ragtime soldiers: the Rhodesian experience in the First World War (Bulawayo, 1980).
—— ‘Victims or defenders: African troops in the Rhodesian defence system, 1890–1980’, Small Wars and Insurgencies II (1991), 240–75.
MacMunn, George, Turmoil and tragedy in India: 1914 and after (London, 1934).
——and Cyril Falls, Military operations: Egypt and Palestine, 2 vols. (London, 1928–30).
McNeill, William H., The pursuit of power: technology, armed force, and society since A.D. 1000 (Oxford, 1983).
Maddox, Gregory, ‘“Mtunya”: famine in central Tanzania, 1917–20’, Journal of African History, XXXI (1990), 181–97.
Mai, Gunther, Das Ende des Kaiserreichs. Politik und Kriegführungim Ersten Weltkrieg (Munich, 1987).
Maier, Charles S., ‘Wargames: 1914–1919’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XVIII (1988), 819–49.
Manchester, William, The arms of Krupp 1587–1968 (London, 1969).
Mann, Thomas, ‘Gedanken im Kriege’, Politische Schriften und Reden, vol. II (Frankfurt am Main, 1960; first published November 1914).
Marder, Arthur J., (ed.), Fear God and dread nought: the correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone, 3 vols. (London, 1952–9).
Marder, Arthur J., From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: the Royal Navy in the Fisher era, 1904–1919, 5 vols. (London, 1961–70).
Marine-Archiv (ed.), Der Krieg zur See 1914–1918. Der Krieg in der Nordsee, by Otto Groos and Walter Gladisch, 7 vols. (Berlin and Frankfurt am Main, 1920–65).