Lualaba, River 347, 348
Luanda 343, 351
Luc, Jean de 120
Luderitz Bay 42
Lunae Montes (Mountains of the Moon) 308
Lundborg, Lieutenant Einar 485–6, 487
Lyon, George 213, 214, 226, 227, 229, 238
MCC 294
Mabillon, M. 139, 144
McCarthy (member of Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition) 453
McClintock, Francis Leopold 274, 275, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, 362
McClure, Captain Robert 275, 276–7, 277–9, 280, 281, 361
McCormick, Robert 265, 266, 267, 268, 269
Mackenzie, Alexander 123, 195
Mackenzie, Charles 199–200
Mackenzie River 217, 226–7, 273, 275, 276, 480
Mackintosh, Aeneas 448, 450, 451, 454–5, 460, 461
McLean, Archie 443
McMurdo Sound 424, 425, 430, 447, 454, 459
McNeish (member of Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition) 453
Mactan 58
Madagascar 4, 16, 21, 44
Maddalena, Major Umberto 485
Madeira 6, 151
Madras 191
Madrid 53, 181
Magdalena River 139
Magellan, Ferdinand 51–62, 72
Portuguese brutality 51
sails under Spanish flag 53
argument in the Canaries 53
lands in Brazil 54
in Patagonia 55
seizure of ships by Cartagena, Mendoza and Quesada 55
loss of the San Antonio 56
wreaks vengeance in the Marianas 57
arrives in Cebú 58
wounded in the thigh 58
death 59
Maghreb 18, 254
Makihiki festival 167
Malabar coast 44
Malacca 51, 53
Malay Peninsula 51
Maldives 25–6
Maldonado, Pedro 142, 143, 144, 145
Mali 27–8, 243
Malindi 47, 49
Mallory, George 295, 465–71, 473–6
description of character 456–6
one final stab at Everest 468–9
moved by loss of seven porters 469
views on use of oxygen 471
leaves Camp V1 with Irvine 473
sends note to Noel 473
Odell’s last glimpse 473
disappearance 474
body found (1999) 476
Kodak camera 476
Malmgren, Finn 482, 484–5, 486, 487
Mandans 199, 200, 205
Mandeville, Sir John: Travels 4
Mane-Mukwa 349
Manhattan 415
Manoel I, King of Portugal 6, 45–6, 51, 53
Mansa Musa 27
Maoris 156–7, 162–3, 164
mappaemundi 5
Margate 445, 447
Marianas 57
Mariano, Adalberto 485, 486–7
Marias, River 204
Markham, Lieutenant Albert 363–4, 377
Markham, Sir Clements 285, 361, 362, 366, 422–3
Marle, De (on Mississippi expedition) 113
Marseilles 180–1
Marston (member of Imperial TransAntarctic Expedition) 459
Marvin, Ross 415, 418, 419
Mathews, Bennet 88, 94, 95
Matterhorn 319–25, 404
Matthew (ship) 83
Maupertius, Pierre Louis de 138, 139, 143
Mauze 255
Mawson, Douglas 444, 445, 459
description 432
in Antarctica 432–43:
purchases Aurora 433
march towards Cape Adare with Mertz and Ninnis 433–4
names Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers 435
Ninnis falls into crevasse 436
takes possession of King George V Land 436
eating the dogs 437
illness and Vitamin A 437–8
Mertz dies 439
effects of illness on Mawson 439–40
gets to Aladdin’s Cave 441
spots Aurora 442
devotes himself to conservation 443
Maya 63
Meath, Earl of 448
Mecca 18, 19, 21, 26, 27, 44
mechanized exploration, advent of 295
Medina 44
Mediterranean 3, 4, 7 19, 30, 237, 253, 254
Melbourne 297, 304, 306, 307
Melville, George 370, 371–2, 373–4
Melville Island 215, 260, 271
Parry on 211, 212–13, 216
and search for Franklin 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 281
Membre, Zenobe 111, 112
Mendoza, Luis de 54, 55
Menindie 297–8, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304
Mercator Gerardus 72, 82, 86
Mercury, transit of (1802) 187
Mercy Bay 277, 278, 279
mermaids 87
Mertz, Dr Xavier 433, 435–9, 440, 443
Mertz Glacier 435, 438, 440
Merv 9
Mesopotamia 19, 21
Messner, Reinhold 475
Meta Incognita 86
meteorites 294, 412–13
Mexico 7, 64, 109–10, 130, 187, 188
Meyer, Frederick 339, 340
Michael (ship) 85
Middelburg 75
Middle East 5, 18, 22, 27, 30, 44
Middle Pack 97
Middleton, Christopher 102
Milan 479
Minneapolis 107
missionaries 7, 11, 31, 124, 345
Mississippi River 194, 195, 197, 205
La Salle’s expedition 105–15
Missouri Falls 201, 204, 205
Missouri River 108, 194, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 204, 205
Mistaken Straits (see also Furious Overfall) 86, 88
Mogadishu 21, 22, 49
Mogador 245
Mohammed, Prophet 18
Mohammed Tughluq, Sultan of Delhi 21, 24, 25
Molesworth Phillips, Lieutenant 169
Moluccas (Spice Islands) 5, 50, 51, 53, 59, 60, 62
Mombasa 21, 44, 47, 308, 311
Monaco, Prince of, 292
Mongol empire 9
Mongolia 9, 11, 293, 329
Mongolian Empire 4, 9–17, 21, 22–3, 30
Monkhouse, William 149, 152, 155, 159
Mont Blanc 171–9, 316, 317, 322, 466
Monte Rosa 317, 320
Montgomerie, Captain Thomas 326–7
Montreal 103, 105
Moonshine (ship) 86
Morainville, M. de 139, 144
Moranget (La Salle’s nephew) 111, 112
Moravia 9
Morocco 27, 243, 245, 249, 253, 254
Sultan of 29
Morshead (member of Everest expedition, 1922) 466, 467
Moscow 9, 73, 127, 486
Mossel Bay 42, 46, 50
Mosul 21
Moter, Andrew 93
Mount Chimborazo 171, 187
Mount Erebus 122, 267, 432, 451
Mount Everest see Everest
Mount Everest Committee 465, 466, 470
Mount Hopeless 303, 304
Mount McKinley 418, 421
Mount St Elias 132, 404
Mount Terror 267
Mountains of the Moon (Lunae Montes) 308
Mozambique 46, 50, 60
Mozambique Island 47
Murchison, Sir Roderick 315
Murzouk 229, 231
Muscovy Company 73, 86–7
Muslims 7, 18, 26, 30, 47, 48, 50, 51 see also Islam
Mussolini, Benito 479, 480, 481
Mysterie and Companie of the Merchants Adventurers 73
Nagpur 192
Namibia 42
Nansen, Fridtjof 406, 410, 426 488
crosses Greenland (1888) 291, 385, 411
Arctic expedition (1893–6) 385–91
writes of boredom 387
departs for North Pole with Johanssen 387
crosses 86th parallel 388
chronometers st
op 388
lands on Franz Josef Land 389
winters in ‘The Hole’ 389–90
meets British expedition 390
writes bestseller 391
description of character 388–9
Abruzzi visits (1898) 404
Abruzzi beats record of (1899–1900) 406, 409, 414
Nobile seeks advice from 480, 482
Napo River 65, 66, 67, 69
Napoleon Bonaparte 115, 180, 194
Napoleonic Wars 121, 207
Nares, George 375, 381, 417, 422, 423
Arctic expedition (1875–6) 216, 361–6, 367
steams through Smith Sound 361–2
names Floeberg Beach 362
frostbite among crew 362–3
expedition splits into three parties 363
scurvy 364–5
undergoes inquiry 365
supervises re-equipping of Alert 382
Nassau Strait 76
Natal 46
National Geographic Society 421
Nauta 145
Navidad 37–8, 39, 40, 41
Navy Board Inlet 263
Negro, River 185
Nepal 193, 462
Nestorians 11
Netherlands see Holland/Netherlands
New Amsterdam 88
New Brunswick 191
New England 109
New Guinea 51, 153, 293
New Holland see Australia
New Orleans, battle of 217
New South Wales 159, 267–8
New York 8, 88, 374
New York Herald 290, 346, 347, 348, 351, 367, 369, 370
New York Times 384, 414
New Zealand 8, 120, 156–7, 161, 162–3, 164, 459, 461
Newfoundland 83, 85, 94, 149, 151, 376, 378, 380
newspapers 290–1
Newton, Isaac 138, 139, 190
Nez Percé 202, 203, 204
Niagara Falls 106, 107
Nicholas, Brother 12
Nicholas of Lynn 72
Nicolai (ship) 359
Niger 401
Niger, River 121, 122, 252, 253
Ibn Battuta reaches (1354) 28–9
Parks leads expedition to discover (1805) 120
quest for (1821–31) 228–42
Timbuctoo situated on 243, 245
Laing intends to trace course of (1825) 246
Caillé discovers information about (1827–8) 255
Nile, River 4, 18, 351
Ibn Battuta’s impressions of 19
search for source of 292, 308–15, 345–6, 347, 348
Nimrod (ship) 423
Niña (ship) 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
Nindemann (member of De Long’s expedition) 372, 373
Ninnis, Lieutenant Belgrave 433, 435–6, 443
Ninnis Glacier 435, 438
Nishapur 9
Nobile, Umberto 477–88
plans to use Italia, a dirigible 479
Mussolini has doubts 479
crew of Italia and equipment 480
flies over Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya 480
gets to the Pole 481
delayed by strong winds 481
collides with Arctic pack 482
sends SOS 483
Amundsen goes in search 484
Malmgren leaves with two navigators 484
Nobile rescued 485
rest of expedition rescued 487
Amundsen disappears 487–8
‘noble savage’ 122, 153, 294
Noel, John 473
Nordenskiöld (Swedish explorer) 371, 449
Norfolk & New Brunswick Hosiery Co. 291
Norge (Zeppelin) 477, 478, 480
Noros (member of De Long’s expedition) 372, 373
North America
Vikings discover 3
colonization 8, 103
La Salle’s expedition (1669–87) 103–15
exploration (1803–6) 194–206
see also Canada; United States
North Cape 149
North Dakota 198
North Georgia Gazette and Winter Chronicle 211
North Magnetic Pole 122, 261, 264
North Pole 5, 87, 217, 219, 283, 285, 353, 359, 367, 374, 375, 377
ideas about 8, 72, 86
and Parry’s expedition (1827) 122, 215–16
Hall and Tyson attempt to reach (1871–3) 336–42
Nares’s attempt to reach (1875–6) 361–6, 423
Nansen’s attempt to ski to (1893–6) 385–91
Andrée’s attempt to fly balloon to (1897) 392–7
Abruzzi’s attempt to reach (1899–1900) 404–9
Peary’s attempt to reach (1908–9) 290, 410–21
Cook’s attempt to reach (1908–9) 290, 291, 418–19, 420–1
Amundsen’s desire to reach 426, 428
Zeppelin flight to (1926) 291, 295, 477–8
Nobile’s attempt to reach in Italia 479–88
North Star (ship) 280
North-East Island 484
North-East Passage 8, 83, 85, 166
quest for (1594–7) 72–82
Hudson seeks (1608) 87, 88
and Peter the Great 125, 127
traversed by Nordenskiôld (1879) 371
traversed by Amundsen 291, 478
North-West Company 219
North-West Passage 8, 73, 95, 105, 106, 121, 170, 194, 270, 361, 378
Cabot seeks (1497) 83
Frobisher seeks (1576) 85
Davis seeks (1585–6) 86
Hudson seeks (1610–11) 87, 88, 90, 91
Foxe and James seek (1631–2) 96–102
Cook seeks (1776) 165–6
Barrow’s interest in 207
and Ross’s expedition (1818) 207–10, 256
and Parry’s expedition (1819–24) 122, 123, 210–11, 212, 213–15, 217
and Franklin’s expeditions (1818–25) 217, 220, 221, 226–7, 271
Barrow dispatches four expeditions in search of (1824) 226–7
and Ross’s expedition (1829–33) 256–7, 260, 261, 263
Barrow seeks final conquest of 271
and Franklin’s expedition and search for Franklin (1845–59) 271–3, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 281, 325, 488
traversed by Amundsen 291, 426, 478
Northern Lights 99, 188
Northern Territory, Australia 307
Norton, Major ‘Teddy’ 465, 466, 467, 469–70, 471–3, 475
Norway 73, 215, 387, 404, 426, 428, 484
Nouvelle France 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 114
Novaya Zemlya 82, 87, 353, 367
Burroughs reaches 73
and expeditions of Barents (1594–7) 75, 77, 78, 81
and expedition of Weyprecht and von Payer (1872–4), 356, 358, 359, 360
Nobile flies over 480
Novgorod 72
Archbishop of 130
Noyoe Vremya (newspaper) 291
Nye (whaling captain) 369
Oates, ‘Titus’ 427, 429–30
Ob, River 75
Obie, King 240
Ocean Camp 449
Odell, Noel 473, 474, 475, 476
Odiddy (Tahitian) 162, 164
Ohio, River 105, 108, 195, 197
Okhotsk 127, 128, 129, 130, 137
Olduvai Gorge 243
Omai (Tahitian) 165
Ommaney Island 408
One Ton Depot 425, 429, 430, 431
Orange Islands 77
Oreasaval, Tristan d’ 146
Orellana, Francisco de 65, 66–71
leads group to find food 66–7
sails downriver on San Pedro 68–9
reaches mouth of Amazon 70
Orinoco River 7, 41, 145, 183, 185, 186
Orkney Islands 219
Orono (Lono) 166, 167, 169
Osborn, Lieutenant Sherard 275
Oudney, Walter 229, 231–3, 238
Outremer 7
oxygen, use of 466, 467, 468, 470–1, 472, 473, 475
Ozbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde
22, 23
Paccard, Michel-Gabriel 173, 174–6, 177
Pacific 9, 72, 120, 122, 127, 149, 151, 195, 202, 361, 367
Balboa crosses isthmus to (1513) 63
Magellan reaches 56–7
Magellan’s expedition in (1520–22) 56–60, 61
indigenous people affected by Europeans 124
Cook’s expeditions in (1768–79) 153–9, 160, 161–3, 164, 165, 166–70
Lewis and Clark reach (1805) 203
link with Atlantic see Strait of Magellan; North-East Passage; North-West Passage
see also names of islands
Paiva 89
Paiva, Alfonso de 44
Palestine 12
Palmerston, Lord 176
Palos 33, 40, 41
Pamirs 12–13
Panama 63, 139, 141
Pará 146
Paraguay 188
Paris 143, 187, 188
Paris time 121
Park, Mungo 120, 124, 228, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 245
Park, Thomas 237
Parkinson, Sydney 149, 159
Parliament, British 120, 211
Parr, Lieutenant Alfred 363, 364
Parry, William Edward 124, 217, 226, 227, 259, 261, 262, 264, 265, 271, 275
Arctic expeditions (1818–27) 122, 207–16
takes command of Alexander 207
favourite of Barrow’s 210
sails aboard Hecla 210
names Melville Island 211
prints ship’s newspaper 211
ruminates on scurvy 212
brings all men home alive 213
commands Fury 213
returns to Arctic (1824) 214
presents journal to Admiralty 216
experience of fame 123
views on Ross’s expedition (1829–33) 257
and Franklin’s appointment as leader of Arctic expedition 272
Franklin writes to 273
Pasko (African interpreter) 234, 235, 236, 238, 240
Patagonia 55, 56
Patience Camp 451
Paulet Island 449, 451, 452
Pavy, Dr Octave 375, 377, 379, 382, 384
Pax Mongolica 11, 12, 17
Payer, Julius von 291, 333, 353–60, 389
impatient 355
sets foot on Franz Josef Land 355–6
erects cairn 356
little in common with Weyprecht 356
writes of Weyprecht’s appearance 357
threatens Weyprecht 359
disillusionment 359
Peary, Robert 290, 291, 293, 294, 410–21, 426, 478
character description 410
sledges 1, 100
miles 411
takes meteorites from Inuit 412–13
eschews Western technology 413
frostbitten 414
leaves for North Pole on Roosevelt 415
reaches ‘Big Lead’ 415
crosses on frozen ice 416
reaches Greenland 417
inconsistencies in account 417
‘Crocker Island’ 417
sails for Smith Sound again (1908) 418
sends Bartlett home 419
takes possession of North Pole 419
news that Cook had beaten him to Pole 420
Peary queries Cook’s claim 420
Off the Map Page 73