28, 58–60, 315, 413 n.7
285, 400 n.9
Gay subjectivity, xv, xx, 11, 34, 58–60.
Halperin, David, xix–xx, 10, 353 n.9, 379
See also Subjectivation/Subjectivity
n.4, 395 n.26; Saint Foucault, 410 n.2
Gender, 11
Hardinge, William Money, 183–84
Genet, Jean, 16, 39–40, 97, 266, 356
Healy, Chris, 198
n.2, 396 n.10
Heidegger, Martin, 44, 45
Ghetto, 26, 101, 104
Heine, Heinrich, 347, 373 n.5
Gide, Andre, xiv, 7, 20, 45, 47, 49, 86,
Hellenism, 153–57, 171–74, 247–49,
159, 179, 188, 190, 199, 201, 205,
300, 336; and Greek art, 167–71, 191.
213–34, 236–43, 250, 251, 262, 286,
See also Pater, Walter; Symonds, John
300, 373 n.10, 376 n.11, 386–87
Addington
n.16, 387 n.5, 390 n.26; Corydon, 7,
Hellenists, Oxford, 7, 8, 158–59
76, 96, 146, 149, 150, 188, 204–5,
Herbart, Pierre, 373 n.10
216–33, 382–83 n.21, 388 n.11, 389
Hierarchy, 127–28
n.6, 406 n.14; The Counterfeiters, 150,
Hirschfeld, Magnus, 21–22, 44, 84,
238; Et Nunc Manet in Te, 212; The
122, 130, 145, 180, 204, 231–35,
Fruits of the Earth, 188, 213–15, 228,
286–87, 376 n.12, 389 n.11, 401 n.18
242, 248; If It Die . . . , 145–46, 150,
Hirschman, Albert, 136
226; The Immoralist, 146, 188, 214;
Hocquenghem, Guy, 33, 123, 296–300,
Journal, 187, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231,
309, 352 n.5, 404 n.9; Homosexual De-
237; New Fruits, 214–15, 386 n.6; Os-
sire, 297, 300, 404 n.5, 404–5 n.10,
car Wilde: In Memoriam, 146; pederasty
405 n.11, 406 n.14
and, 216–18, 220–21, 223–27, 236–
Hollinghurst, Allan: The Swimming-Pool
43; politics and, 129; Proust, Marcel,
Library, 208
i n d e x
∂∂≥
Homophobia, 62–63, 308; inter-
Jerome, Jerome K., 159
nalized, 67–69; inversion and, 89;
Jewish identity, 110–11, 345–48, 371
media and xv–xvi; psychoanalysis
n.6; assimilation and, 347–48; as
and, 91–92
collective, 132–33; homosexuality
Homosexuality: aging and, 35; anthro-
and, 345–46. See also Identity
pology and, 32; childhood and, 29–
Johnson, Lionel, 188–89
30; personage of, 9; separatism and,
Jouhandeau, Marcel: On Abjection, 15
xv, 23; working class and, 31, 361
Jünger, Ernst, 44
n.9. See also Inversion; Uranism
Hoover, J. Edgar, 68
Kafka, Franz, 347
Horkheimer, Max, 321
Kains-Jackson, Charles, 158, 383 n.9
Hössli, Heinrich, 156
Kant, Immanuel: Critique of Judgment,
Huysmans, Joris-Karl: Against Nature,
344
148, 376 n.20
Kardiner, Abram, 69
Hyde, Montgomery H., 143
Kertbeny, Karl Maria, 288
Kraft-Ebing, Richard von, 192, 194,
Identity, 7, 8–9, 50, 75, 77, 364 n.1;
195, 200; Psychopathologia Sexualis,
and identity politics, 45, 127, 138. See
283, 287–88
also Black identity; Jewish identity
Kris, Ernst, 70
Inferiorization, 58–59, 66–67. See also
Domination
Lacan, Jacques, xii, 88, 398 n.20
Inheritance, 42–43
Lacroix, Jean, 266
Insult, 15–17, 18, 24, 25, 56–58, 61,
Language, 11, 58, 79, 100–101
64–67, 72–73, 79, 364 n.3. See also
Laplanche, Jean, 252
Language
Lauris, Georges de, 236
Intergenerational solidarity, 31–32
Lauritsen, John, 193
Interpellation, 31, 56–58
Lazare, Bernard, 347
Inversion, 3, 8–9, 225, 232, 312; Freud,
Leibovici, Martine, 348
Sigmund and, 157; gender inversion,
Lesbianism, 11, 332, 383 n.21, 389 n.9,
80; homophobia and, 89; Proust,
400 n.9, 414 n.14
Marcel, and, 81–86, 93–94; psychia-
Levi-Strauss, Claude, xii
try and, 79–81, 191–95, 280, 285–
Lewin, Kurt, 68
88. See also Homosexuality; Uranism
Libération (Paris), 71, 306–7, 308, 310–11
Isay, Richard A., 97
Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine (Phila-
Isherwood, Christopher, 3, 20, 68, 97,
delphia), 182
129, 184–85, 187–88, 212, 232; Lions
Literature: closet and, 49–50, 205;
and Shadows, 185; Mr. Norris Changes
homosexuality and, xiv, 7, 39, 150–
Trains, 185
52, 190–91, 198–99, 236–43
Ives, George, 158–59, 200
Livingston, Jeannie: Paris is Burning, 373
n.4
∂∂∂
i n d e x
Lombroso, Cesare: The Man of Genius, 33
Monfort, Eugène, 239, 241
Lorrain, Jean, xiv, 236, 357 n.17, 389
Monosexuality, 328–33
n.11
Montesquiou, Robert de, 148, 214, 376
Louÿs, Pierre, 214
n.20
Lucey, Michael, 42, 43, 238, 387 n.5
Moral harassment, 18–19. See also Dis-
crimination
Madness, 264–73; age of reason and,
Moreau, Paul, 192
269–73; Marxism and, 268. See also
Mosse, George L., 90
Foucault, Michel
Müller. K. O., 168; The Dorians, 161, 164
Madonia, Franca, 253–54, 256
Magnus Hirschfeld Institute, 3
Nazism, 44, 234–35
Mallock, W. H.: The New Republic, 173
New York, 10, 22, 174, 326
Marcuse, Herbert: Eros and Civilization,
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 108, 242, 262,
275; One-Dimensional Man, 275
294, 335
Marges, Les (Paris), 238–39
Nouvelle Revue Française, La (Paris), 238
Maritain, Jacques, 228–29, 387–88 n.9
Nouvel Observateur, Le (Paris), 297
Marriage, 114–16, 339–40, 342; gay
Nordau, Max, 197–98; Degeneration, 33,
marriage, 39, 45, 322–23, 335, 339–
197
40, 412 n.16; subversion and, 127
Martel, Frédéric, 351–53 n.5
Oswald, Richard: Anders als die Anderen, 2
Martin-Chau≈er, Louis, 239–40
Outing, 363 n.3
Martin du Gard, Roger, 231, 238
Ovesey, Lionel, 69
Marty, Éric, 387 n.5
Masculinism, German, 233–35, 236
pacs (Pacte Civile de Solidarité), xvi
Mattachine Society, 121
Paris, xv, 23
Mauriac, François, 240–41
Park, ‘‘Fanny,’’ 208
Maurois, André, 187
Parks, Robert, 26
May 1968, 136, 293
Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 405 n.12
McCarthyism, 19
Pater, Walter, 159, 162, 166, 168–73,
Media: homophobia and, xv–xvi
178–79, 182–84, 190, 194, 203, 213,
> Melancholy, 36–38, 40, 361 n.5
248, 286, 379 n.10, 381 n.5, 383 n.9,
Mercure de France, Le (Paris), 198
390 n.5; ‘‘Diaphaneitè,’’ 168; Studies
Merle, Robert, 159
in the History of the Renaissance, 183
Michelangelo, 165–66, 216, 218, 317
Pattison, Mark, 172–73
Military: gays in, 50–52. See also Gay
Pauvert, Jean-Jacques, 396, n.9
movement
Pederasty, 159, 192–93, 211, 288, 377
Mill, John Stuart, 159, 173
n.28, 379 n.4; Greek form of, 8, 161–
Mirbeau, Octave, 44–45
64, 168–69; Gide, André and, 216–
Molly houses, 207, 286
18, 220–21, 223–27. See also Homo-
Monette, Paul, 98–99, 110, 359 n.4
sexuality
i n d e x
∂∂∑
Peniston, William A., 209
Rabinow, Paul, 274
Performativity, 369–70 n.20; and per-
Ra√alovitch, Marc-André, 184
formative utterances, 16–17, 115
Rebeyrolle, Paul, 263
Perversion, 278–80, 282–83
Reckless, Walter, 43
Peyrefitte, Alain, 300
Reich, Wilhelm, 289, 294, 304, 308,
Pinguet, Maurice, 301
313, 320; The Invasion of Compulsory
Platen, August von, 373 n.5
Sex-Morality, 275; The Mass Psychology
Plato, 156, 160, 172, 178, 192, 204, 277;
of Fascism, 275
The Symposium, 84, 153, 157, 159, 218
Renaissance, 165–67, 169, 171–72,
Pollack, Michael, 26, 31, 90, 107, 137,
219–20, 247–49, 271, 336
358 n.8, 362 n.4, 368 n.3, 370 n.1
Reverse discourse, xiv–xv, 7, 312–13
Porché, François, 228
Revue Française de Psychoanalyse, La
Pougy, Liane de, xiv
(Paris), xix
Practico-inert, 132–33, 136–38
Rich, Adrienne, 24, 227, 312, 332, 344–
Prieur, Annick, 94–96, 273 n.4
45, 414 n.14
Proust, Marcel, xiv, 1–7, 10, 30, 33–34,
Ricketts, Charles, 173
43, 53–54, 60, 62, 67–68, 88, 90,
Riggs, Marlon T.: Tongues Untied, 61
92–94, 96, 180, 185–86, 188, 224–
Rivers, J. E., 238
25, 228, 236–43, 250, 286, 300, 347,
Ross, Robert, 173
357 n.6, 360 n.4, 374 n.2; Against
Ruskin, John, 183
Sainte-Beuve, 147, 242, 381 n.10; Bal-
Russo, Vitto: The Celluloid Closet, 149
zac and, 147–48; The Captive, 1, 185;
Cities of the Plain , 25, 30, 82, 86, 92–
Sachs, Maurice, 383
93, 147, 157, 204, 210, 231, 237, 298,
Sade, Marquis de, 266, 396 n.10
346, 354 n.2, 367 n.12; gay move-
San Francisco, 19, 326, 327
ment and, 130–32, 139; inversion
Sartre, Jean Paul, xii, xviii, 10, 16, 39–
and, 81–86, 280; 1908 Notebook, 147;
40, 61, 73, 106, 107–12, 140, 242,
Remembrance of Things Past, 53–54,
335, 366 n.12, 374 n.6, 375 n.9; Anti-
148, 151, 285, 346, 354 n.1, 359 n.3
Semite and Jew, 110; authen-
Psychiatry, 278–80, 281–88, 357 n. 4,
ticity/inauthenticity 110–12, 113;
402 n.7; homosexuality and, 270,
Being and Nothingness, 109–10; collec-
297–98, 315, 320; invention of
tive identity and, 132–35; Critique of
‘‘homosexual’’ by, 8, 9; perfor-
Dialectical Reason, 132; homophobia
mativity of discourse of, xiv
of, 109–10, 370 n.3; Jewish identity
Psychoanalysis, xviii-xix, 88, 252–53,
and, 110–11, 132–33, 371 n.6, 375
272–73, 275, 281–82, 357 n.4, 399
n.10; The Words, 135. See also Genet,
n.1
Jean
Schiltz, Marie-Ange, 19, 31
Queensbury, Marquess of, 176–77, 179
Schlumberger, Jean, 212
Schmidgall, Gary, 201
∂∂∏
i n d e x
Scots Observer, The (Edinburgh), 208
Tamagne, Florence, 377–78 n.3
Scott, Joan, 5
Tamassia, Arrigo, 80
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, xix–xx, 10, 24,
Tardieu, Ambrose, 210
29, 53, 54, 121, 151, 186, 369–70
Taylor, Alfred, 178–79, 209
n.20
Transsexuals, 126
Segregation, 339–41, 343, 358 n.8
Transvestitism, 207
Separatism, xv, 23, 120, 326, 372 n.7.
Traubel, Horace, 199
See also Gay movement
Sergent, Bernard, 154, 161
Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, 84–86, 88, 157,
Sexual liberation, 299, 306, 308–9,
180, 200, 204, 207, 286–88, 401
320, 329, 407 n.5
n.18; Uranus, 157
Shame, 73, 366 n.12
Universalism, 122, 135
Social mobility, 31–33, 370 n.1
Uranism, 84–85, 157, 204, 207, 287–
Solomon, Simeon, 380 n.7
88. See also Homosexuality; Inversion
Souday, Paul, 236–37
Space, public and private, 344–45
Varnhagen, Rahel, 345
Spender, Stephen, 20
Verdeaux, Jacqueline, 252
Spengler, Oswald. 44
Veyne, Paul, 390–91 n.5
Stein, Gertrude, xvii, 124
Violence, symbolic, xxii, 6, 79–80
Stigma, 24, 48, 61–62, 66, 73
Vivian, Renee, xiv
Stonewall Riots, 22, 403 n.2
Voeltzel, Thiery, 303–5, 307
Subjectivation/Subjectivity, xvii, 5, 6–
Voltaire, 270; Philosophical Dictionary,
10, 11–12, 57, 247–49, 314, 334–35,
155
337, 354 n.10, 402 n.8; homosex-
uality and, xv, 314. See also Ascesis;
Weeks, Je√rey, 206–97, 385 n.7
Foucault, Michel
Weinberg, Martin S., 129
Subversion, 124–27, 373 n.2, 404–5
Westphal, Karl Friedrich Otto, 279–80,
n.10
288, 399 n.7
Su√ering, positional, 37–40
Whitman, Walt, 194, 196, 199–203,
Süskind, Patrick: The Double Bass, 37–38
205, 206; Calamus, 199–202, 226,
Symonds, John Addington, xiv, 159,
383 n.18; Leaves of Grass, 162, 199–
162–66, 172, 176, 178–79, 182, 190–
200, 202–3, 216, 383 n.18
96, 198–201, 203, 206, 211, 219–20,
Wilde, Oscar, xiv, 4, 7–8, 9, 45, 47, 60,
226, 233–34, 248, 286–87, 383 n.9,
157, 159, 172–75, 182–84, 187–89,
401 n.18; Memoirs, 199–200, 212,
197–205, 209, 210, 213–14, 226,
226; A Problem in Greek Ethics, 162–63,
247–48, 286, 381 n.10, 382 n.21, 384
192, 200; A Problem in Modern Ethics,
n.6; The Ballad of Reading Gaol, 143; De
165, 199–201; Studies of the Greek Poets,
Profundis, 143, 176, 198, 210, 241; The
162, 218
Picture of Dorian Gray, 151, 161, 167,
177, 180, 182–83, 188–89, 206, 208–
i n d e x
∂∂π
9, 214, 376 n.20, 381–82 n.5; The Por-
Wittig, M
onique, 352 n.5
trait of Mr. W. H., 165–66, 182, 379
Woolf, Virginia, 145
n.10; trials of 143–44, 146, 176–81
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 169–
Zola, Emile, 197
70, 182, 235
didier eribon, one of France’s leading
intellectuals, is the author of numerous books and
articles, notably the celebrated 1989 biography
Michel Foucault 1926–1984 and, most recently, Une
Morale du minoritaire: Variations sur un thème de Jean
Genet and Hérésies: Essais sur la théorie de la sexualité.
michael lucey is a Professor of French and
Comparative Literature at the University of
California, Berkeley, and is the author of Gide’s Bent:
Sexuality, Politics, Writing and The Misfit of the Family: Balzac and the Social Forms of Sexuality.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Eribon, Didier.
[Réflexions sur la question gay. English]
Insult and the making of the gay self / Didier
Eribon; translated by Michael Lucey.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 0-8223-3286-8 (cloth : alk. paper)
isbn 0-8223-3371-6 (pbk : alk. paper)
1. Gays—Social conditions. 2. Gays—Psychology.
3. Homosexuality in literature. 4. French
literature—20th century—History and criticism.
I. Lucey, Michael II. Title.
hq76.25.e736 2004
306.76%62—dc22 2003025359
Document Outline
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction: The Language of the Tribe
PART 1 A World of Insult 1 The Shock of Insult
2 The Flight to the City
3 Friendship as a Way of Life
4 Sexuality and Professions
5 Family and "Melancholy"
6 The City and Conservative Discourse
7 To Tell or Not to Tell
8 Heterosexual Interpellation
9 The Subjected "Soul"
10 Caricature and Collective Insult
11 Inversions
12 On Sodomy
13 Subjectivity and Private Life
14 Existence Precedes Essence
15 Unrealizable Identity
16 Perturbations
17 The Individual and the Group
PART 2 Specters of Wilde 1 How "Arrogant Pederasts" Come into Being
2 An Unspeakable Vice
3 A Nation of Artists
4 Philosopher and Lover
5 Moral Contamination
6 The Truth of Masks
7 The Greeks against the Psychiatrists
8 The Democracy of Comrades
9 Margot-la-boulangère and the Baronne-aux-épingles
10 From Momentary Pleasures to Social Reform
11 The Will to Disturb
12 The "Preoccupation with Homosexuality"
PART 3 Michel Foucault’s Heterotopias 1 Much More Beauty
2 From Night to the Light of Day
Insult and the Making of the Gay Self Page 63