Belt and Road
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8. “China needs to act as a responsible creditor,” Financial Times, April 29, 2018.
9. Andrew Nathan, “The Chinese World Order,” New York Review of Books, October 12, 2017.
10. “China development banks expand links with foreign lenders,” Financial Times, July 15, 2018.
11. Brahma Chellaney, “China’s Debt-Trap Diplomacy,” Project Syndicate, January 23, 2017.
12. Imminent Fears, Immediate Hopes, 我們當下的恐懼與期待, Xu Zhangrun 許章潤. Translated with commentary and notes by Geremie R. Barmé, China Heritage.
13. “Xi behind coercive tactics in East China Sea: documents,” Japan Times, December 2, 2017.
14. Oliver Stuenkel, Post-Western World (Polity, 2016), p. 156.
15. Kevin G. Cai, “The One Belt One Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Beijing’s New Strategy of Geoeconomics and Geopolitics,” Journal of Contemporary China, 2018.
16. “The ‘American century’ has come to its end,” Global Times, August 20, 2017.
17. G. John Ikenberry (ed.), Power, Order, and Change in World Politics (Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 106.
18. “EU ambassadors band together against Silk Road,” Handelsblatt, April 17, 2008
19. “Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence,” International Forum for Democratic Studies, 2017
20. Richard Fontaine and Daniel Kliman, “On China’s New Silk Road, Democracy Pays A Toll,” Foreign Policy, May 16, 2018.
21. 人民日报：推动构建人类命运共同体, 2017年11月19日05:04.
22. “How the Belt and Road Project Fills a Global Governance Vacuum,” Sixth Tone, November 12, 2017.
23. Angela Stanzel, “Fear and loathing on the New Silk Road: Chinese security in Afghanistan and beyond,” July 2018, ECFR/264.
24. Branko Milanovic, “The west is mired in ‘soft’ development. China is trying the ‘hard’ stuff,” The Guardian, May 17, 2017.
25. 国务院办公厅转发 商务部等部门关于扩大进口 促进对外贸易平衡发展意见的通知 国办, 2018, 53 号.
26. Michael Schuman, “China’s Global Ambitions Could Split the World Economy,” Bloomberg, October 26, 2017.
27. Thomas Wright, All Measures Short of War: The Contest for the 21st Century and the Future of American Power (Yale University Press, 2017), p. 1.
28. Aaron L. Friedberg, “Competing with China,” Survival, May 2018.
29. David Autor, David Horn and Gordon Hanson, “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade,” NBER Working Paper, January 2016.
30. Michael Mann, The China Fantasy (Viking, 2007).
31. François Godement and Abigael Vasselier, China at the Gates: A New Power Audito of EU-China Relations (ECFR, 2017).
32. National Security Strategy of the United States of America (December 2017), p. 17.
33. Ibid., 25.
34. Jinghan Zeng, “China declares ideological war,” Policy Forum, November 3, 2017.
35. Zhang Weiwei, The China Horizon: Glory and Dream of a Civilizational State (World Century, 2016).
36. Jiang Shigong, “Philosophy and History: Interpreting the ‘Xi Jinping Era’ through Xi’s Report to the Nineteenth National Congress of the CCP,” The China Story, May 11, 2018. Originally published in 开放时 代.
37. Nadège Rolland, China’s Eurasian Century: Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative (The National Bureau of Asian Research, 2017), pp. 143–44.
38. Jonathan Holslag, China’s Coming War with Asia (Polity, 2015).
39. “Xi’s world order: July 2024,” The Economist, July 7, 2018.
40. Hugh Peyman, China’s Change: The Greatest Show on Earth (World Scientific, 2018).
INDEX
Abbasi, Zafar Mahmood, 126
Abe, Shinzo, 118, 137
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 68
Aden Gulf, 72
Adil, Umer, 60
Advancing the Development of the One Belt, One Road Leading Group, 39
aerospace, 88, 103
Afghanistan, 53, 107, 127, 128, 129, 135, 172
Africa, 3, 8, 25, 44, 124, 163
Djibouti, 4, 12, 46, 63, 67–8, 101, 117
Ethiopia, 46, 68, 154, 170, 186
manufacturing, 68, 77
Maritime Silk Road, 23, 26, 45, 62
oil, 64
Partnership for Quality Infrastructure, 138
piracy, 72
telecommunications, 101, 170–71
aging population, 75
Agricultural Bank of China, 48
agriculture, 11, 61, 76, 99–100, 103
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 138
aircraft, 81, 91, 103
Akto, Xinjiang, 60
Aktogay, East Kazakhstan, 103
Alibaba, 44
Allison, Graham, 7–8
Alps, 189
aluminum, 17, 20, 88
Andalusia, Spain, 189
Andijan, Uzbekistan, 54
anti-dumping, 92, 113
Antwerp, Flanders, 65
Apollo program, 9
aquaculture, 71
Arabian Sea, 72, 106
Arctic, 4, 62, 66, 188
artificial intelligence (AI), 44, 75, 88
Arunachal Pradesh, India, 111
Asian Development Bank, 45, 137
Asian Financial Forum, 49
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, 48
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 122
Astana International Exchange, 56
Astana, Kazakhstan, 25–6, 39, 56, 58
asteroids, 187
Athens, 8
Atlantic Ocean, 3, 115, 119, 138, 139
Atushi, Xinjiang, 60
Australia, 5, 12, 25, 119, 121, 122, 132–3, 135
automated vehicles, 88, 90, 186, 187, 190
automobile industry, 74, 81, 86, 90–91, 97, 104
Autor, David, 177
aviation, 81, 91, 103
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), 60
Azerbaijan, 186
Badakhshan, Afghanistan, 128
Baidu, 188
Baldwin, Richard, 74, 80
Balkans, 8, 12, 140
Balochistan, Pakistan, 60, 105
Gwadar port, 46, 59, 61–2, 63, 64, 99–100, 101, 105–7, 117
separatism and terrorism, 106, 127, 128
Baltic Sea, 51
Bangkok, Thailand, 65, 136–7
Bangladesh, 48, 53, 64, 109, 134, 136, 138, 150, 189
Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor (BCIM-EC), 52, 62
Bank of China, 48
banking, 46–51
bargaining theory, 152–3
Bay of Bengal, 22, 64, 72, 119
Beijing, China, 20, 28, 48, 126, 165
Beijing University, 183, 188
Belgium, 56, 65
Belgrade, Serbia, 143
Belt, see Silk Road Economic Belt
Belt and Road
Advancing the Development of the One Belt, One Road Leading Group, 39
backlash against, 12, 108, 121–4, 130–46, 155
bridges, 40, 54, 156, 173, 186
Buddhism, 112
cities, 11, 43, 44, 48, 149–52, 187–8
‘community of shared destiny’, 26–9, 33, 36, 43, 45, 170
connectivity (wu tong), 42, 43, 52–3, 127, 158, 167
currency integration, 26
data, 44
debt, 12, 46, 47, 108, 109, 124, 126, 130, 132, 153–62
digital infrastructure, 43–4, 59, 86
e-commerce, 44, 59
economic corridors, 2, 11, 51–4, 55, 62
economic policy coordination, 28
energy, 11, 17, 19, 20–23, 40, 46, 48, 49, 52, 61, 64, 86, 92, 188
financing, 11, 36, 46–51, 54, 108–9, 124, 126, 130, 132, 138, 141, 153–64
Forum for International Cooperation (2017), 12, 108, 143, 152
impatience, 152–3
&nbs
p; inauguration (2013), 11, 17, 23
industrial capacity cooperation, 85–8
industrial parks, 10, 43, 55, 61, 67, 99, 102
infrastructure, see infrastructure
internal discontent, 163
international court, 28, 190
loans, 11, 36, 46–7, 54, 108–9, 124, 126, 130, 132, 138, 141, 153–62, 163
maps, 2–6, 24, 41, 64, 69
Maritime Silk Road, 24, 26, 28, 39, 41
market integration, 41
military bases, 12, 67, 71, 72, 101, 117, 126–7
overcapacity, 19
ports, see ports
railways, 9–10, 11, 12, 18, 43, 46, 52, 53–4, 68, 86, 122, 130
roads, 9, 19, 40, 43, 52, 54
security, 127–9
Silk Road, 2, 9–10, 23–6, 45, 82, 138
Silk Road Economic Belt, 24, 25–6, 28, 39, 51–62, 83
success, definition of, 164, 174
telecommunications, 43–4, 52, 86, 101, 170–71
timeline, 10
TIR Convention, 55
transnational industrial policy, 81, 84
transport infrastructure, 9–10, 11, 18, 19, 25, 26, 40, 48, 49, 53–4, 83
urban development, 11, 43, 44, 48, 149–52
Vision and Actions document (2015), 40, 41, 45, 49, 50, 52, 62, 67, 78
Vision for Maritime Cooperation (2017), 62
Bering Strait, 66
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 110
Bhat, Vinayak, 107
Bhutan, 107–8
big data, 44
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 127
Blackwater, 128
blue economic passage, 62
Boao Forum for Asia (2015), 27, 32
Brahmaputra river, 136
Brazil, 174
Brewster, David, 63
BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China), 19, 174
bridges, 40, 54, 156, 173, 186
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 188
Budapest, Hungary, 143
Buddhism, 111–12
Bush, George Walker, 169
California, United States, 64
Cambodia, 52, 54, 70, 129, 132, 155
Cameroon, 68, 187
Canada, 136
car industry, see automobile industry
Caribbean, 25
Carr, Robert ‘Bob’, 122
Cartagena, Spain, 92
Caspian Sea, 186
Caucasus, 20, 129
CDMA (code-division multiple access), 89
cement, 17, 49–50, 83
Center for Strategic and International Studies, 19, 123
center of gravity, 115
Central African Republic, 186
Central Asia, 9, 20, 25, 51, 52, 82–3, 188
energy, 22, 106
Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), 57–9
India, trade with, 107
industrial capacity cooperation, 104
Islamism, 127
Russia, relations with, 57–9, 129, 133
steel industry, 82–3
terrorism, 127
textile industry, 101
transport infrastructure, 9, 54
Central Huijin Investment, 49, 50
Central Military Commission, 166
century of humiliation (1839–1949), 165, 186
Chabahar, Sistan-Baluchistan, 106–7
Chalay Thay Saath, 60
Chao Phraya River, 65
ChemChina, 48
Chengdu Economic Daily, 129
China
Abbasi’s visit (2018), 126
Academy of Information and Communications Technology, 44
aging population, 75
Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, 50
Bishkek Embassy bombing (2016), 127
Boao Forum for Asia (2015), 27, 32
Buddhism, 111–12
century of humiliation (1839–1949), 165, 186
Doklam plateau dispute, 107–8, 113
energy, see energy
EU-China summit (2015), 138
five-year plan (2016–20), 41
Food and Drug Administration, 114
Foreign Policy Center of the Central Party School, 7
Gants Mod crossing closure (2016), 36
General Navigation Office, 69
‘Going Out’ strategy, 86
Guangxi Nonferrous Metals Group bankruptcy (2016), 16
Guiding Opinion on Promoting International Industrial Capacity (2015), 86
Guiding Opinion on Standardizing the Direction of Overseas Investment (2017), 86
incremental approach, 7
Indian Dilemma, 21
Institute of International Studies, 92
International Trust and Investment Corporation, 132
Investment Corporation, 48
keeping a low profile (tao guang yang hui), 15, 18, 32
labour shortages, 75
Macron’s visit (2018), 146–7
Made in China 2025 strategy, 85, 87, 90–92, 93
Malacca Dilemma, 21–2, 64, 131
Merchants, 68–9
middle-income trap, 75–7, 85
migrant workers, 75
military, 12, 13, 59, 67, 71, 72, 101, 117, 126–7
minimum wage, 75
Ministry of Commerce, 21, 40, 93
Ministry of Communications, 69
Ministry of Finance, 49
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 40
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 19
Ministry of Transportation, 14
Modi–Xi summit (2018), 135
National Bureau of Statistics, 75
National Congress, 28, 29, 44, 165, 181
National Cybersecurity Work Conference (2018), 84
National Development and Reform Commission, 40, 98
National Health Commission, 114
Opium War, First (1839–1842), 165
overcapacity, 16, 19–20, 88
Overseas Chinese Affairs Office, 19
Overseas Investment Industrial Guiding Policy, 86
People’s Navigation Company, 69
Ports-Park-City model, 67
presidential term limits repeal (2018), 164, 174
real estate market, 16, 75
reform and opening up, 13–15, 73
renminbi, 22–3, 159
responsible stakeholder, 169
shipbuilding, 14, 17
soft power, 111, 170
Soviet Union, relations with, 13, 14, 15
State Administration of Foreign Exchange, 48
State Council, 19, 39, 40, 49, 66, 86
state-owned companies, 42, 153, 160–61, 189
steel industry, 16–17, 18, 20, 82–4, 86, 88
striving for achievement, 18
Swaraj’s visit (2018), 135
Taiwan, relations with, 14, 26, 142
technology transfers, 85–92, 97, 177–8
Thucydides’ trap, 8
Tianxia, 26–7, 29, 31–5, 78, 79, 192–3
TIR Convention, 55
Trump’s visit (2017), 124
‘two heads abroad’ (liangtou zai haiwai), 17
United States, relations with, see Sino–US relations
Working Conference on Neighborhood Policy (2013), 17–18
China Construction Bank, 48
China Development Bank, 16, 48, 49, 97, 98, 99, 103, 160
China Export & Credit Insurance Corp, 104
China Export-Import Bank, 46, 47, 48, 49, 103, 154
China Fantasy, The (Mann), 177
China Global Television Network, 188
China Nonferrous Metals Industry Group, 103
China Three Gorges Corp, 48
China-Indian Ocean-Africa-Mediterranean Sea Blue Economic Passage, 62
China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor, 51, 52, 54, 62
China-Oceania-South Pacific, 62
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), 52, 59, 60, 62, 105–7, 108
Chinese Comm
unist Party
Advancing the Development of the One Belt, One Road Leading Group, 39
and Australia, 133
Constitution, 41, 164
founding of (1921), 165
National Congress, 18th (2012), 28
National Congress, 19th (2017), 29, 44, 165, 181
and New Zealand, 132
Politburo, 39, 40, 165
reform and opening up, 13–15
and steel industry, 16
Third Plenum of the 18th Party Central Committee (2013), 39
Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, 106
Christianity, 128
Churchill, Winston, 183
cities, 11, 43, 44, 48, 149–52, 187–8
climate change, 4, 66, 85, 171
Clinton, William ‘Bill’, 177
cloud computing, 44
CloudWalk Technology, 44
Club Med, 189
CNN, 188
cobalt, 81, 104
Cold War, 2, 14, 21–2, 36, 40, 125, 171
Colombo, Sri Lanka, 156, 162
colonialism, 120, 162
‘community of shared destiny’, 26–9, 33, 36, 43, 45, 135, 170
Confucianism, 31, 34
Congo, Democratic Republic of, 81, 104
connectivity, 42, 43, 52–3, 109, 122, 127, 146, 158, 167
Connectivity Platform, 139
construction, 18, 75, 86, 98
convergence, 4, 14, 166, 167, 169, 174, 177
copper, 103, 104
corridors, see economic corridors
corruption, 133, 155–6, 158, 187
cosmopolitan neighborhoods, 4
Country Garden, 151
Cowboys and Indians, 188
cultural exchanges, 42, 43, 56–7
currency, 22–3, 26, 159–60
customs cooperation, 55, 57, 59, 63
Cyprus, 140
Dalai Lama, 36, 112
Dalian, Liaoning, 55, 93
Daming Palace, Xi’an, 147
Dangal, 111
data, 44
Davidson, Phillip, 125–6
Davos, Switzerland, 168
Dawn of Eurasia, The (Maçães), 185, 191
Dawood, Abdul Razak, 158
debt, 12, 16, 46, 47, 108, 109, 124, 126, 130, 132, 153–62
democracy, 125, 133, 166, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 181–3
Democratic Republic of Congo, 81, 104
Deng Xiaoping, 13–15, 18, 31, 32, 69, 73, 183
Diaoyu Islands, 187
digital infrastructure, 43–4
division of labor, 53, 78, 79, 80
Djibouti, 4, 12, 46, 63, 67–8, 101, 117, 186
Doklam plateau, 107–8, 113
Doraleh, Djibouti, 63, 67–8
DP World, 68
dry ports, 57
Dubai, UAE, 62, 68, 160
Dudher Zinc project, 127
Duterte, Rodrigo, 156
DVD (digital versatile disc), 89
e-commerce, 44, 59
East China Sea, 118