The Edge of Evolution
Page 35
malarial
treatment of
Fifth Miracle, The (Davies)
finches
alteration in beaks of
studies of
fish
genomes of
notothenioid
fitness: definition of
random mutation and
survival and
weakness vs.
fluoroorotate
FKBP (protein)
flagellum
complex pump of
construction of
filament cap of
genes and
intricacies of
junction zone in
proteins in
flies
fruit
Fly, The
food supplies
fungi
Galen
Gates, Bill
gazelles
Gehring, Walter
Geis, Irving
gene regulatory networks (GRNs)
genes: arbitrary features of
broken, see pseudogenes class 3
copying of
Darwin’s unawareness of
dead-end alleys of
definition of
deletion or alteration of
DNA control of
double copies of
egg-polarity
flagellum and
gap
inheritance of
interplay of mutant and normal
manipulation of
molecular planning and
mutant C
mutation of
operons groups in
pair-rule
random accidents in
segmentation
segment-polarity
sequencing of
shared features of
studies of
see also DNA; genomes; human
genomegenetic disease: amino acid change and
DNA testing for determination of
underlying molecular changes in
see also specific diseases
genomes
animal and plant
duplication of
first complete sequence of
repetitive component of
research in
sequencing of
variations in
viral
see also genes; human genome
Georgia, University of
Gerhart, John
Gettysburg Address
glucose
glucose-6—phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)
glutamine synthetase
glutathione
goats
God
Gould, Stephen J.
gravity
Gray, Asa
G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)
Guthrie, Woody
Haeckel, Ernst
hair
Hall, Barry
Hanks, Tom
Harvard University
Harvey, William
Hawking, Stephen
HbC, see hemoglobin C
HbE
HbS
heart
bodily reversal of
heme
hemoglobin
adult
dilution of
evolutionary changes in
experiments with
fetal
four amino acid chains in
HbC
heme part of
mutation in
oxygen carried in
parasitic ingestion of
in red blood cells
sequencing of
shapes of
sickle cell
sticking and congealing of
unfolding of
see also amino acids; red blood cells hemoglobin C (HbC)
malaria protection conferred by
mutation of
normal hemoglobin vs.
hemoglobin C-Harlem
hemoglobin E (HbE)
Hemophilus influenzae
hemozoin
hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH)
heredity
biological basis of
chromosome theory of
see also common descent; DNA; genes Herrick, James
heterozygote
Hippocrates
histidine
HIV
AIDS caused by
drug-resistant strains of
evolution and
genetic resistance to
immune system as target of
rapid mutation rate of
studies of
HIV genome
HIV protease
homeobox
Homo sapiens
Hoover Dam
Hox genes
Hox proteins
HPFH, see hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFC)
Hubble, Edwin
human genome
action of natural selection on
(human genome, cont’d)
duplication in
first complete sequence of
malaria battle of
nucleotides in
primate genomes compared with
human immunodeficiency virus, see HIV
humanities
human mind
humanoids
humans:
biochemistry of
evolutionary history of
primates compared with
reasoning by
struggle with disease by
huntingtin (protein)
Huntington’s disease
hurricanes
Huxley, Thomas
Iacocca Hall (Lehigh University)
Ichneumonidae
Idaho, University of
IFT, see intraflagellar transport
IFT particle
Illinois, University of
immune system
inheritance of
microscopic predators fought by
Indonesia
infertility
insecticides
insects
see also specific insects
intelligence
intelligent design
intestinal tract
intraflagellar transport (IFT)
definition of
elegance and interdependency of
functions of
origin of
invertebrates
Jacob, François
Japan Science and Technology Corporation
jellyfish
kangaroos
Kauffman, Stuart
kidneys
kinesins
kinesin-II
Kirschner, Marc
Kozminski, Keith
lactose
“Large Number Coincidences and the Anthropic Principle in Cosmology” (Carter)
leeches
Lenski, Richard
leucine (L)
Levine, Michael
Lewis, Edward
Lewontin, Richard
life on earth
development of
elegance and intricacy of
fine-tuned origin of
genetic basis of
molecular basis of
several-billion-year history of
light waves
Lim, Wendell
liver
bodily reversal of
lungs
macaques
Macnab, Robert
magnets
hemoglobin
oxygen
protein
Mahidol University
malaria
in Africa
cause of
contagiousness and spread of
disease of
examples of Darwinian evolution in
genetic effects of
geographic regions of
human battle against
illness and death from
increasing rates of
initial
mutations conferring some resist
ance to
North American eradication of
parasitic invasion in
protein production and
red blood cell as primary target of
research in
resistance to drugs evolved in
treatment of
warm temperature necessary for
see also Plasmodium falciparum
Malpighi, Marcello
mammals
evolution of
marsupial
placental
species of
marriage
intervillage
Mars
marsupials
materialism
mathematical probabilities
Matrix, The,
Maxwell, James Clerk
Mayr, Ernst
Medical Research Council
medicine:
advances in
applying Darwinism to
four “humors” theory of
lack of access to
medieval
Mediterranean Sea
Melanesia
Melville, Herman
membranes
cell
structure and function of
M-H (malaria-HIV) experiment
mice
Michelson, Albert
Michigan State University
microbes
microscopes
microscopic creatures
Middle East
Miller, Kenneth
miscarriages
Mitochondrial Eve
Moby Dick
(Melville)
modularity
molecular disease
molecules
aberrant
as basis of life
“micro” vs. “macro”
mutation in
oily
random motions of
reactive
similarities of
monkeys
experiments with
Monod, Jacques
moon
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Morley, Edward
mosquitoes
bites of
eradication efforts against
malaria parasite carried by
species of
motor proteins
dynein
kinesin
Mount Everest
mousetraps
multiverse
muscles
mutation:
clusters of
constructive vs. destructive
deletion
double
double point
homeotic
insertion
inversion
irrelevant
lottery metaphor and
nonrandom
occurrence and frequency of
point
rates and generation span of
side effects of
strength, speed, and hardiness conveyed in
“stuttering”
substitution
sustaining of
types of
see also random mutation; random
mutation/natural selection; specific mutations
myoglobin
nanobots
National Academy of Sciences
National Institutes of Health
natural enemies
natural genetic engineering theory
natural selection
common descent vs.
definition of
examples of
organisms impacted by
sickle cell disease demonstrated by
survival of the fittest in
variations available in
see also random mutation/natural selection
nature:
cures provided in
role of chance in
Nature
Nature’s Destiny (Denton)
neo-Darwinian synthesis
Newton, Isaac
Nirenberg, Marshall
Nobel Prize
Noel, Walter Clement
“Notes towards the Complete Works of Shakespeare”
notothenioids
nuclear weapons
nucleic acids
nucleotides
addition and deletion of
changes in
copying of
segments of
sequences of
substitution of
Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane
octopus reproduction
operons
organisms:
carbon base of
ceaseless pressure of natural selection on
common descent of
hidden changes in DNA of
living and dying of
multicellular
obscure reasons for modification of
single-celled
study of
variation in
Origin of Species, The (Darwin)
Orr, H. Allen
Oxford University
oxygen
bodily progress of
escape of
hemoglobin delivery of
lack of
prenatal delivery of
proteins as magnets for
reactive molecules of
storage of
parasites
competition of hosts and
damage and destruction of
digestive vacuoles of
hemoglobin ingested by
malarial
species of
studies of
survival and reproduction of
parasitic diseases
see also malaria
paternity cases
Pauling, Linus
penicillin
Pennsylvania, University of
peppered moths
Perelson, Alan
PfCRT, see Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance traits phlegm
phyla
physics
planets
plants
complex cells of
genomes of
medicinal qualities of
observing large changes in
Plasmodium falciparum (malaria species)
decline of
resistant trait of
treatment of
Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine
resistance traits (PfCRT)
Plasmodium vivax malarial parasite
Plausibility of Life, The: Resolving Darwin’s Dilemma (Kirschner and Gerhart)
Pollock, Jackson
polycystic kidney disease
polymerase
population sizes
Powerball lottery
predators
immune system defense against
microscopic
Prey (Crichton)
primates
humans compared with
see also specific primate species
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
prokaryote
proteins
aggregation of
antenna
antifreeze
bicoid
“boss”
building blocks of
cellular
(proteins, cont’d)
“checkpoint”
control
diminishment or destruction of
DNA and
domain swapping of
fitting and binding of
flagellum and
folded shape of
functions of
helper
homeotic
hydrophobic
interactions of
“just-in-time” organization of
multidomain
mutation of
as oxygen magnets
PfCRT
polycystin-1
polycystin-2
production of
repressor
scaffold
self-assembling of
sequ
encing of
stacks of
structure of
“subboss”
types of
see also amino acids; specific proteins
“Protonic NanoMachine Project”
pseudogenes
psychology, Darwinian
public health
purines
pyrimethamine
pyrimidines
quantum mechanics
quinine
random mutation
common descent vs.
desperate measures of
dilemma of
exploring possibilities of
fitness and
incessant repetition of
incoherence of
insupportability of
likelihood of events by
limits of
poor evidence for pivotal role of
protein-binding sites generated by
rare beneficial change produced by
studies of
random mutation/natural selection
analysis of
automatic acceptance of
compounding of
differences explained by
fitness and
ineffectiveness of
lack of biological proof for
life modified by
modern laboratory studies of
molecular level evaluation of
overselling of
sickle cell disease as example of
rape
Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe (Ward and Brownlee)
Ras
rats
Reader’s Digest,
red blood cells
changes in
crescent and sickle shapes of
destruction of
hemoglobin supplied to
infection of
loss of protein in
malaria and
normal “Lifesaver” or “doughnut” shape of
proteins clinging to outside of
proteins in
routine tasks of
Red Queen effect
reductionism
relativity theory
reproduction:
inherited features and
parasitic
rates of
“Requiem for Chloroquine, A”
respiratory system
rhodopsin
ribose
ribosomes
rice
RNA
building blocks of
Rochester, University of
Roman Catholic Church
rugged fitness landscapes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast)
Sagan, Carl
salt
Schleiden, Matthias
Schwann, Theodor
science
advances of
discrimination among ideas in
dogma vs. data and
experiments in
modern
nineteenth-century
see also specific scientific disciplines
Science
Science and Creationism,
science fiction
scientific notation
scientism
self-organization theory
serine (S)
Shakespeare, William
shape space
Shapiro, James
sickle cell disease
African descent victims of
anemia in
pain and early death in
persistence and spread of
random mutation/natural selection exemplified by
research in
sickle trait version of
symptoms of
two copies of sickle cell gene required for inheritance of
sickle cell genes
first instance of, see Sickle Eve
inheritance of
malaria resistance conferred by