More Than Meets the Eye
Page 19
13. David Rosevear, “The Myth of Chemical Evolution,” Impact, July 1999, page iv.
14. Rosevear, page iv.
15. Mark Caldwell, “The Clock in the Cell,” Discover, October 1998, page 36.
Chapter 2: The Heart, Blood, and Lungs
1. John R. Cameron, James G. Skofronick, and Roderick M. Grant, Physics of the Body (Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing, 1999), page 191.
2. Ecclesiastes 3:11.
3. Laura D. Kubzansky et al., “A Prospective Study of Worry and Coronary Heart Disease in the Normative Aging Study,” Circulation, 18 February 1997, pages 818-824.
4. Psalm 37:1-9.
5. Matthew 6:34.
6. Philippians 4:6.
7. Cameron et al., page 191.
8. Cameron et al., page 197: “The tension in a capillary wall is only about 24 x 10-3 N/m. For comparison, a single layer of toilet tissue can withstand a tension of about 50 N/m. This tension is about 3000 times greater than a tension which would rupture the capillary.”
9. “For the life of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life” (Leviticus 17:11).
10. Fred Heeren, Show Me God: What the Message from Space Is Telling Us About God (Wheeling, IL: Day Star Publications, 1998), page 306.
11. The body can surge in two ways: it can begin releasing 100 percent of the oxygen molecules at the peripheral tissues instead of only 25 percent; in addition, it can greatly increase the cardiac output.
12. The blood contains twenty-five billion red blood cells per teaspoon.
13. Deuteronomy 5:29. Notice the position of this verse—just after a recounting of the Ten Commandments in Deuteronomy 5 and just before the Shema in Deuteronomy 6.
14. Paul Brand, M.D., and Philip Yancey, Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1980), page 18.
15. Jeremy Rifkin, Algeny (New York: Viking, 1983), page 134.
16. Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein, “Physics News Update,” The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Physics News, number 394, 1 October 1998, http://newton.ex.ac.uk/aip/physnews.394.html (Physical Review Letters, 5 October 1998).
17. John 15:13.
18. Cameron et al., page 146: “Each time we breathe, a volume of about 0.5 liters containing ~1022 molecules of air enters our lungs. The total number of molecules in the earth’s atmosphere is about 1044. … For each molecule we breathe there are 1022 more in the earth’s atmosphere. The earth’s atmosphere is in constant motion, and over a period of centuries there has been thorough mixing of the gases. As a result, each breath, or 0.5 liter of air (1022 molecules), contains on the average one molecule that was present in any 0.5 liter of air centuries ago. … On the average each of our breaths contains one air molecule that was in a single breath of Archimedes, Aristotle, or any other famous person who lived many years ago. Jesus Christ took approximately 150 million breaths in his lifetime; thus, one could expect that each of our breaths could contain about 150 million molecules breathed by Christ.”
19. Daniel 5:23, RSV.
20. Genesis 2:7.
21. Cameron et al., page 147.
22. Psalm 150:6.
Chapter 3: The Senses
1. See 1 Corinthians 15:34.
2. George Ayoub, “On the Design of the Vertebrate Retina,” Origins & Design, volume 17 number 1, 2 June 1999. Department of Biology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA 93108-1099, Access Research Network, Analysis and Perspective.
3. Jeremy Rifkin, Algeny (New York: Viking, 1983), pages 139-140.
4. David Pescovitz, “Capturing Eyeballs under the Hood,” Wired, September 1999, page 78.
5. Brad Stone, “Tired of All Those Passwords? There Are Some Alternatives,” Newsweek, 30 November 1998, page 12.
6. John R. Cameron, James G. Skofronick, and Roderick M. Grant, Physics of the Body (Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing, 1999), page 321.
7. “Even the darkness will not be dark to you; the night will shine like the day, for darkness is as light to you” (Psalm 139:12).
8. Psalm 94:9, KJV.
9. John K. Stevens, “Reverse Engineering the Brain,” Byte, April 1985, pages 287-299.
10. Shirley A. Jones (editor), quoting Gerhard Staguhn, The Mind of God & Other Musings: The Wisdom of Science (San Rafael, CA: New World Library, 1994), page 12.
11. Matthew 13:11-17.
12. Revelation 1:7.
13. Theodore Berland, The Fight for Quiet (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970), page 12.
14. Berland, page 7.
15. Cameron et al., page 276.
16. John Stott, quoting Leon Trotsky, Issues Facing Christians Today: A Major Appraisal of Contemporary Social and Moral Questions (Hants, UK: Marshall Morgan & Scott, 1984), page 139.
17. Gordon MacDonald, Ordering Your Private World (Nashville: Oliver-Nelson, 1985), page 126.
18. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Life Together (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954), pages 79-80.
19. Renee Solomon, “Mosquitoes also Prefer Attractive People—U.S. Study,” Reuters Limited, AOL, 20 August 1999.
20. Richard Axel, “The Molecular Logic of Smell,” Scientific American, October 1995, page 154.
21. Paul Brand, M.D., and Philip Yancey, Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1980), pages 26 and 125.
22. 2 Corinthians 2:14-16.
23. Psalm 34:8; 1 Peter 2:2-3.
24. Isaiah 52:11.
Chapter 4: The Brain and Nervous System
1. Isaac Asimov, “In the Game of Energy & Thermodynamics You Can’t Even Break Even,” Smithsonian Journal, June 1970, page 10.
2. K. C. Cole, The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1997), page 24.
3. Don DeYoung and Richard Bliss, “Thinking about the Brain,” Impact, February 1990, page ii.
4. Gerald L. Schroeder, The Science of God: The Convergence of Scientific and Biblical Wisdom (New York: Broadway Books, 1997), page 172.
5. W. Wayt Gibbs, “Dogma Overturned,” Scientific American, November 1998, pages 19-20.
6. “Brain Food?” U.S.News & World Report, as quoted in Signs of the Times, September 1997, page 2.
7. N. Birbaumer et al., “A Spelling Device for the Paralyzed,” Nature, volume 398, 25 March 1999, pages 297-298.
8. Sharon Begley, “Thinking Will Make It So,” Newsweek, 5 April 1999, page 64.
9. Begley, page 64.
10. Begley, page 64.
11. Psalm 139:2,4.
12. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New York: Macmillan, 1952), pages 145-146.
13. Alan Lightman, “A Cataclysm of Thought,” The Atlantic Monthly, January 1999, pages 89-96. Einstein had been unemployed much of the time since he graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich in 1900, and in his “miraculous year” was working in a patent office in Bern, Switzerland. He had forsaken his German citizenship over political and military disagreements.
14. Darold A. Treffert, M.D., Extraordinary People: Understanding Savant Syndrome (New York: Ballantine Books, 1989), page 13.
15. Treffert, pages 1,2,59.
16. Anthony Smith, Intimate Universe: The Human Body (London: BBC Books, 1998), page 152.
17. Jeremy Campbell, Grammatical Man: Information, Entropy, Language, and Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982), pages 222-224.
18. Rob Parsons, “Almost Everything I Need to Know About God I Learned in Sunday School,” Focus on the Family, February 2000, page 6.
19. Irving Dardik, M.D., and Denis Waitley, Quantum Fitness—Breakthrough to Excellence (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), page 27.
20. Vincent Ryan Ruggiero, The Art of Thinking: A Guide to Critical and Creative Thought (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), page 3.
21. Campbell, pages 222 and 227.
22. Daniel J. Boorstin, The Discoverers (New York: Random House, 1983)
, page 487.
23. Boorstin, quoting William James, page 488.
24. 1 Corinthians 13:5.
25. Jeremiah 31:34 (the sentiment is echoed in Psalm 103 and Isaiah 43:25, among many other places in the Bible).
26. Deuteronomy 5:15.
27. Psalm 105:4-5.
28. Dardik and Waitley, page 13.
29. David G. Myers, “Yin and Yang in Psychological Research and Christian Belief,” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, volume 39, number 3, September 1987, page 134.
30. Joseph M. Mercola, Healthy News You Can Use, Issue 100, 9 May 1999, drawing from Kourosh Saberi and David R. Perrott, “Cognitive Restoration of Reversed Speech,” Nature, volume 398, 29 April 1999, page 760.
31. James 3:9.
32. J. Christian Gillin, M.D., and William F. Byerley, M.D., “The Diagnosis and Management of Insomnia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 322, number 4, 1990, page 239.
33. Psalm 16:7.
34. “Sleep Problems Are Pervasive: Poll Finds,” American Medical News, 12 April 1999, pages 51,54,56.
35. “Basic Sleep 101, or You Have to Be Awake to Fall Asleep,” Land and Sky website, http://www.landandsky.com/technology.html.
36. Psalm 127:2.
37. Mark Looy, quoting Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (London: Burnett Books, Ltd., 1985), page 331, in “I Think; Therefore, There Is a Supreme Thinker,” Impact, October 1990, page ii.
38. Otis Port, “21 Ideas for the 21st Century: Humanity—#7. The Mind Is Immortal,” Business Week, 30 August 1999.
39. Todd Siler, Breaking the Mind Barrier: A Brilliantly Original Way to Think about Art, Science, the Mind, and the Universe (New York: Touchstone, 1992), page 195.
40. 2 Corinthians 10:5.
41. Carl F. H. Henry, Christian Countermoves in a Decadent Culture (Portland, OR: Multnomah Press, 1986), page 144.
42. 1 Corinthians 1:19.
43. A. W. Tozer, Born After Midnight (Camp Hill, PA: Christian Publications, 1992), page 62.
44. 1 Corinthians 1:21.
45. Psalm 111:10.
46. 1 Corinthians 1:20.
47. Isaiah 47:10.
48. 1 Corinthians 13:2.
49. 2 Timothy 3:1-2,7.
50. John 17:17.
51. Ephesians 1:17-18, KJV.
52. 1 Corinthians 8:1.
53. Thomas Stearns Eliot, The Rock, a verse play, 1934.
54. Paul Johnson, “Beware the Intellectuals: The High Priests of Knowledge,” U.S.News & World Report, 27 March 1989, page 73.
55. “Science Can’t Explain ‘Who Am I? Why Am I Here?’” A Conversation with Sir John Eccles, U.S.News & World Report, 1984, page 80.
56. Dana Ullman, quoting Lyall Watson, “Psychological Problems: Treating Mind and Body,” in Discovering Homeopathy: Medicine for the 21st Century (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic, 1991), taken from the Internet.
Chapter 5: The Cell, Genes, and DNA
1. Authorities vary in their estimates from 10 to 100 trillion cells in the human body.
2. Gerald L. Schroeder, The Science of God: The Convergence of Scientific and Biblical Wisdom (New York: Broadway Books, 1997), page 142.
3. Anthony Smith, Intimate Universe: The Human Body (London: BBC Books, 1998), page 11.
4. In the United States, the Human Genome Project is jointly funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The DOE-funded participants include the Joint Genome Institute, the University of Washington, and the Institute for Genomic Research. The NIH-funded participants include Washington University (St. Louis), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Baylor University, University of Washington, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Stanford University, and the University of Oklahoma. In addition, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan are making major contributions to the program, along with fourteen other countries.
5. A is adenine, C is cytidine, G is guanine, and T is thymine.
6. “Primer on Molecular Genetics,” Human Genome Project Information website, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/primer/prim1.html.
7. “Primer on Molecular Genetics.”
8. Alma E. Guinness (editor), ABC’s of the Human Body (Pleasantville, NY: The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc., 1987), page 38. Every human cell is thought to contain up to 6 feet of DNA, which adds up to 17 billion miles in the whole body. One scientist has described DNA as an “exquisitely thin filament,” so light that a thread of it running all the way from the earth to the sun would weigh only .02 ounce.
9. Paul Brand, M.D., and Philip Yancey, Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1980), page 46.
10. Measurements about how long the DNA from an individual cell is range from 5 to 9 feet. Estimates of the total number of cells in a human body range from 10 to 100 trillion. Thus the lower end for total length of DNA is 5 feet x 10 trillion; the upper end is 9 feet x 100 trillion.
11. Michael Behe, “Molecular Machines,” Cosmic Pursuit, Spring 1998, page 30.
12. Shirley A. Jones (editor), quoting Maxine Singer, The Mind of God & Other Musings: The Wisdom of Science (San Rafael, CA: New World Library, 1994), page 117.
13. This material can be found on the Human Genome Project Information website at http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/faq/faqs1.html.
14. Clifford A. Pickover, Keys to Infinity (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995), page 127.
15. “Gene Therapy—An Overview,” Access Excellence website, Genentech, http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/IWT/Gene_Therapy_Overview.html, 1998.
16. Fred Heeren, quoting Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler Publishers, Inc., 1986), pages 249-250, in “Exoplanets, SETI, and the Likelihood of Contact,” Cosmic Pursuit, Spring 1999, page 58.
17. Schroeder, page 83; quoting George Wald, “The Origin of Life,” Scientific American, August 1954.
18. Schroeder, page 84; quoting C. Folsome, Life: Origin and Evolution, Scientific American Special Publication, 1979.
19. Schroeder, page 124.
20. J. P. Moreland (editor), quoting Marcel P. Schutzenberger from “Algorithms and the Neo-Darwinian Theory of Evolution,” in the John Ankerberg and John Weldon chapter “Rational Inquiry & the Force of Scientific Data: Are New Horizons Emerging?” The Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence for an Intelligent Designer (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1994), page 274.
21. Hugh Ross, quoting Harold Morowitz, The Creator and the Cosmos: How the Greatest Scientific Discoveries of the Century Reveal God (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 1995), page 149.
22. Fred Heeren, quoting Edward Argyle from “Chance and the Origin of Life,” Extraterrestrials—Where are They?, Ben Zuckerman and Michael H. Hart (editors) (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995), page 131, in Show Me God: What the Message from Space Is Telling Us About God (Wheeling, IL: Day Star Publications, 1998), page 61.
23. Schroeder, quoting John Horgan, page 85.
24. Heeren, quoting Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, from Evolution from Space (London: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1981), page 24, in Show Me God, page 209.
25. Heeren, quoting David Foster, Show Me God, page 68.
26. Heeren, quoting Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, from Evolution from Space, page 148 (see note 24), in Show Me God, page 68.
27. Schroeder, page 93.
28. Schroeder, page 102.
29. J. P. Moreland (editor), quoting Carl Sagan and Francis Crick in the John Ankerberg and John Weldon chapter “Rational Inquiry & the Force of Scientific Data: Are New Horizons Emerging?” The Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence for an Intelligent Designer (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1994), page 272.
30. Stephen C. Meyer, “The Message in the Microcosm: DNA and the Death of Materialism,” Cosmic Pursuit, Fall 1997, pages 41-42.
31. Meyer, pages 43-45.
32. “Once to Every Man and Nation,” poem by James Russell Lowell, 1819–1891.
33. Leon Jaroff, “Fixing the Genes,” Time, 11 January 1999, page 68.
34. Frederic Golden, “Good Eggs, Bad Eggs,” Time, 11 January 1999, page 58.
35. Laurie McGinley and Anne Fawcett, “Patients and Abortion Foes Clash on Stem-Cell Research,” The Wall Street Journal, 21 June 1999, page A28. And “Geron Research Reproduces ‘Immortal’ Human Stem Cells,” Bloomberg News, 10 November 1998, taken from the Internet.
36. “Gene Therapy—An Overview,” Access Excellence website, Genentech, http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/IWT/Gene_Therapy_Overview.html, 1998.
37. John Carey, quoting Lee Silver, “We’ll Have All the Genetic Pieces. Next, We’ll Assemble the Jigsaw Puzzle,” Business Week, 30 August 1999, taken from the Internet.
38. Sharon Begley with Thomas Hayden, “How Low Can You Go?” Newsweek, 22 February 1999, page 50.
39. J. Madeleine Nash, “The Age of Cloning,” Time, 10 March 1997, page 64.
40. Gene Edward Veith, “Birds, Bees, and Bovine,” World, 14 February 1998, page 24.
41. “Advanced Cell Technology Announces Use of Nuclear Transfer Technology for Successful Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells,” Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. website, http://www.advancedcell.com/PR111298.htm, 12 November 1998.
42. “Rael Creates the First Human Cloning Company,” Clonaid website, http://www.clonaid.com.
Chapter 6: The Skin, Stomach, Skeleton, and Sperm
1. Paul Brand, M.D., and Philip Yancey, Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1980), page 151.
2. John Medina, “Time and the Search for Significance,” seminar given at University Presbyterian Church, Seattle, WA, 26 February 1997.
3. Jeremiah 6:15.
4. Exodus 34:29-35, KJV.
5. Genesis 3:19.
6. 1 Peter 3:3-4.
7. Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Penitent (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983), page 122.
8. Job 19:20.
9. Tim Friend, “Everest Tops Out: Add 7 Feet,” USA Today, 12 November 1999, page 1A.
10. 1 Corinthians 10:12, RSV.
11. Psalm 3:7, NIV, 1978.
12. Luke 20:18.
13. Matthew 8:12; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30.
14. John R. Cameron, James G. Skofronick, and Roderick M. Grant, Physics of the Body (Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing, 1999), page 17.