Thomas Cromwell
Page 108
Inns of Court, 160, 166, 489–90; see also London: Gray’s Inn; Inner Temple; Lincoln’s Inn; Middle Temple
inquisitions, religious, 72
Institution of a Christian Man; see Bishops’ Book
Ipswich, 14, 75, 82, 101, 111–12, 173, 233, 463–7
Bishop of: see Manning
Blackfriars, 112, 466–7
Cardinal College, Plate 10; Ch. 3, 75–7, 79–80, 83, 85–6, 92, 101–2, 111–13, 122, 125, 128, 152, 156, 202, 210, 295–6, 457, 464–5, 488, 509
Greyfriars, 456–8
Holy Trinity Priory, 466
St Peter’s Priory, 75, 112, 458, 488
School, 467
Shrine of Our Lady, 75–6, 83, 112, 419–20, 457–8, 464; see also Wentworth
Whitefriars, 457
Ireland: Lordship, then Kingdom of, 11, 31, 48, 179, 209, 258–9, 269, 496–7, 525, 534, 537
Church in, 256, 270, 480–82, 500, 521–2, 546
and Cromwell, 16–17, 153–5, 544–6
monastic dissolutions in, 74, 330, 482
Parliament, 11, 182, 328–30, 544–6, 548
Privy Council, 155
papalism in, 256–7
rebellion in, 254–8, 260, 328–30, 376, 379, 482, 517–18, 521
reform programme in, 155, 328–31, 404–7, 480–82, 513, 544–6
and Royal Supremacy, 330–31
and Wolsey, 73–4
Islip, John, Abbot of Westminster, 489, 623
Israel, Kings: see David
Italy, 27, 48, 86, 106, 366, 543, 687
Cromwell and, 22–4, 28–30, 40–44, 57–8, 71–2, 106–7, 111, 133, 210, 238, 351, 407–9
Ives, Eric W., 113–14, 303
James V, King of Scots, 446
James VI and I, King of Scots and of England and Ireland, 229n, 357
Jane Grey, Queen of England, 49, 370, 542, 676
Jane Seymour, Queen of England, Plate 19; 107, 303, 311, 313, 316, 332, 335, 338, 342, 350, 369, 379, 514, 529
marriage, 345, 351, 359
pregnancy and death, 346, 413, 416, 422, 434–6, 438, 443, 471
Jennings (Jenny), Nicholas, 690
Jerome, William, 375–6, 401, 516, 532–3
Jervaulx Abbey, 194, 434
Jesus Christ, 109, 222, 428, 475, 477; see also God; unitarianism
Johann, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, 494
Johann Friedrich, Elector, of Saxony, 135–6, 411, 446–7, 475, 495, 499, 508
John the Baptist, 418–19
John, King of England, 420, 528
Johnson family, 540
Joseph, St, 222
jousting, 141, 178, 311, 384, 521
Joye, George, 71, 139, 285, 445
Judaism, 414
Judd, John, 173–4
Jülich-Cleves-Berg, 487, 508, 513–14; see also Anne of Cleves; Johann; Wilhelm, Dukes of
justices of the peace, 175–6, 183, 274, 326–7, 372, 437, 441, 452, 471, 479, 483, 486, 544, 546–7, 549
justification, doctrines of, 291, 347, 361, 455; see also free will
Kalendar, 229n; see also holy days; saints
Karlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein von, 368
Katherine of Aragon, Queen of England, Plate 18; 13, Chs. 4–9, 91, 131–2, 147, 191, 216–17, 221, 227, 236, 249, 252–3, 256, 303, 312, 345, 382, 384, 396
appeal to Rome, 84, 214
support for, 107, 115, 121, 144, 150, 163–4, 226, 229–30, 234; see also Barton, Elizabeth
abandoned by Henry VIII, 142, 150–51
Princess Dowager, 216, 218, 240–41, 245
death, 310–11, 351
and Cromwell, 27, 115, 226, 313
Katherine Howard, Queen of England, Plate 21; 495, 519, 529
Katherine Parr, Queen of England, 540–41, 677
Kendall, Thomas, 381, 396
Kenninghall, 359, 396
Kent, 16, 48, 175–6, 233, 235, 237, 274, 335, 338, 369–71, 437, 449, 464, 476, 485–6, 492, 496, 608
Kew, 424
Key, Thomas, 501
Kidderminster, Richard, Abbot of Winchcombe, 63, 298, 489
Kildare, Earls of: see Fitzgerald
Kilkenny, 154
Kimbolton, 311
King’s Bench, Court of, 30, 523
King’s Book (Necessary Doctrine), 413
King’s Langley Priory, 62, 455, 463; see also Ingworth
Kingsmill, John, 497–8, 500
Kingston, William, 299, 507
Kingston upon Thames, 91, 184
Kingswood Abbey, 299
Kirk Hallam, 147–8
Kirkby Lonsdale, 379
Kirkstead Abbey, 395–6, 434
Kite, John, Bishop of Carlisle, 239, 375, 386
Knight, Thomas, 280
Knight, William, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 43, 61, 389
knighthood, distraint of, 169, 224–5
Knole Palace, 332
Knyvett, Charles, 45
Knyvett, Edmund, 497
Konstanz, 367
Kratzer, Nikolaus, 290–91
Lambert, François, 71
Lambert alias Nicholson, John, 475–7, 495, 499
Lambeth and Palace, 46, 158, 161, 167, 220–21, 235, 249, 338, 369, 448–51, 464, 495, 504–5, 512
Lamplugh, John, 389
Lancashire, 378
Lancaster, Court of Duchy of, 101, 322
Lascelles, John, 478
Last Days: see apocalypticism
Lateran Council (1215), 362
Latimer, Hugh, 72–3, 116, 214, 299, 304, 314, 384, 391, 400, 410, 412, 469, 475, 490, 516
accused of heresy, 161, 235, 476
and Six Articles, 500–501, 506–7, 517
preaching, 129, 289, 332, 346, 394–5, 460–61
Latimer, William, 331–2
Launde Priory, Plate 28; 64, 538–40, 550
Laurence, John, 230
Laurence, William, 112, 457–8, 464
Lawney, Thomas, 66
Lawson, George, 93, 171, 178, 388, 390, 523
Layburn, James, 372–3
Ledesdale, John: see Hidden
Lee, Edward, Archbishop of York, 104, 223–4, 227–8, 238–9, 242, 250, 251–2, 264, 273, 375, 381, 390, 411, 417, 533
Lee, John, 389
Lee, Roland, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 47, 75–6, 96, 186, 195–9, 209, 212–14, 220, 229, 252, 281, 295–6, 380, 389, 391, 458
and Gregory Cromwell, 195, 203–4, 209, 213, 252–4, 431
President of the Council in the Marches of Wales, 252, 264, 326-8, 375, 385, 423–4, 451, 527, 644
Lee, Thomas, 29, 221, 261, 276, 296–7, 302, 305–6, 309–10, 341, 372, 384, 388–9, 391, 418
Leeds Castle and Priory, Plate 30; 60–61, 326n, 369, 484–6, 514, 534
legates, papal: see Campeggio; Canterbury, Archbishops; Pole; Wolsey
Legbourne Nunnery, 382, 386
Leicester, 44, 126, 187, 417–18, 466
Leicestershire, 48, 187, 255–6
Leighton, Richard, 269, 296–7, 299–300, 302, 305–6, 309–10, 341, 388–9, 391, 401, 431, 471, 509
Leland, John, 38, 222, 227, 417
Lenham, 369
Leo X, Pope, 32, 42–3, 55, 506
Lesnes Abbey, 61, 183–4
Leuven: see Louvain
Lewes Priory, Plate 29; 368, 431–5, 438–41, 453, 474, 483–5
liberties, ecclesiastical, 187, 318, 326, 437
libri pacis, 176
Lichfield Cathedral, 252
Limerick, 376, 522
Lincoln
Bishops of 541; see also Longland; Smyth
Cathedral, 433
Lincolnshire, 378, 381, 430–31, 490
Rising (1536), 179, 372–87, 391–2, 401–2; see also Pilgrimage of Grace
Lindley, Phillip, 59
Lisle, Viscount: see Plantagenet
Littleprow, Reynold, 59, 93, 104, 161
liturgy, 295–6, 418; see also baptism; Book of Common Prayer; confirmation; eucharist; marriage
Llandaff, Bishops of: see Athequa, George de; Holgate, Robert
Llandderfel, Plate 42; 459–60
Llanishen, 38
Lock, William, 27, 138
Lockwood, Henry, 203–4
Lollards and Lollardy, 67–70, 72, 138, 148–9, 160, 163, 190, 283, 373–4, 389, 461, 543, 617
Lombard, Peter, 307
London, 29–31, 70, 79, 87, 105, 197, 209–10, 221–3, 235, 244, 256, 272, 287, 339–40, 358, 363, 385–6, 394–6, 409, 411, 417, 426, 448, 452, 461, 463–4, 475–6, 503, 513, 540, 544
Austin Friars, 35–6, 39–44, 46, 62, 68–9, 88, 133, 139, 141, 143, 151–3, 165–6, 170–71, 218, 220, 272, 448, 464, 516–17, 523, 525–6, 532, 534–5; Priors: see Browne, Hammond
Bishops of: see also Bonner; Stokesley; Tunstall
Blackfriars (Dominican Friary), 84–7, 108, 134, 137, 359, 456, 467–8
Bridge, 247, 239
Charterhouse, 249–50, 253, 280–84, 289, 298, 305, 319, 346, 407, 409–10, 459, 467, 629
Cheapside, 272
Christ Church Priory Aldgate, 158n, 196–7, 308, 435, 622
Crosby Hall, 42
Crutched Friars, 202–3
diocese, 263
and evangelicalism, 27
Fleet Prison, 68–9
Gray’s Inn, 54, 159–60, 272, 387, 390
Greyfriars (Franciscan Friary), 455, 459, 492
Inner Temple, 155, 325
Lord Mayors, 533, 595
Mercers’ Company and Chapel, 94, 466
Merchant Taylors’ Gild, 26–7
Newgate Prison, 409–10, 459
Paul’s Cross, 236, 240, 394, 453, 459–60, 523
Queen’s Head Tavern, 166, 240
The Rolls, 271–2, 280, 320, 355, 393, 395–6, 439, 477, 681
St Bartholomew’s Priory, 194, 467
St Gabriel Fenchurch, 30–31
St Katherine Cree, 197, 202
St Margaret Pattens, 460
St Paul’s Cathedral, 111, 145, 263–4, 310–11, 361, 433, 461, 483, 499, 645; Deans: see Colet; May; Sampson
St Peter-le-Poer, 40–41
St Sepulchre’s Holborn, 204
Smithfield, 288, 401, 459–60, 477
Somerset House, 424
Stranger Church, 41
Tower of London, 2, 87, 170, 180–81, 205, 207–8, 221, 242, 244, 249–51, 256, 259, 279–81, 337–9, 357, 369, 386, 404, 407, 424, 435–6, 439, 445, 475, 478, 480, 505, 516–17, 522, 525, 529–32, 534
Tyburn, 247
London, John, 65, 67, 81, 187–8, 275, 295–6, 418, 462–3
Longford, Ralph, 198–9
Longland, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 65, 67, 264, 275, 382–4, 411, 666
Lord Chancellor: see Audley; Gardiner; Goodricke; More; Rich; Wolsey
Lord’s Prayer, 362, 413, 481
Lords, House of, 95–7, 146, 215–16, 239–40, 353, 472, 496, 502–4, 517, 519; see also Parliament
Louth, 378, 381–5, 396
Louth Park Abbey, 383
Louvain (Leuven), 81–2
Low Countries, 24–7, 115, 119–20, 138–9, 156, 212–13, 230, 263, 280, 285, 287, 408, 433
Lübeck, 262–3, 288
Lucca, 41, 57
Ludlow, 253–4, 626
Luther, Martin, Plate 45; 68, 71, 120–21, 189, 206, 227, 362, 365, 383, 413, 454–5, 507, 533
and annulment of Aragon marriage, 116, 136
and eucharist, 364
and images, 414
and indulgences, 31–2
Lutheranism, 71, 120–21, 176–7, 262–3, 291, 347, 364, 368, 477, 532–3, 542; see also Augsburg Confession; evangelicalism; Schmalkaldic League
Lyon, 209
McDowell (Maydewell), John, 283
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 28, 72, 86, 485
Maid of Kent: see Barton, Elizabeth
Malmesbury Abbey, 115
Malton and Priory, 373, 463
Malvern, Great, Abbey, 490
Man, Isle of, 239n
Manners, Henry, 2nd Earl of Rutland, 196
Manning, Thomas, Prior of Butley, Bishop of Ipswich, 80
Mantel, Hilary, 1, 3, 15, 174–5
Mantua, 359, 412, 459
Margate, 369
Marham Priory, 308
Marillac, Charles de, 513, 517, 521–3, 525–7, 533, 537
Marler, Anthony, 535–6
Marlow, Little, Nunnery, 70, 471
Marot, Clément, 366
marriage and marriages, 270, 349, 413, 465, 532
of clergy, 499–500, 546
see also bigamy; celibacy
Marrick Nunnery, 309–10, 490
Marseille, 238, 277
Marshall, Thomas I, Abbot of Colchester, 509–10
Marshall, Thomas II and III, 367
Marshall, William, 283, 367, 399, 413
martyrdom, 283–5, 288–9: see also persecution
Mary, mother of God, 351
Mary I, Princess of Wales, Queen of England, 116, 151, 171, 192, 226, 229–30, 234, 249, 253, 258, 310, 316, 368–9, 396, 436–7, 443, 471, 473, 542
legitimacy and succession, 218, 345–6, 349–52, 357–8
support for, 304, 349
capitulation to father, 349–52
marriage proposals, 352, 444, 473, 513, 526, 551
as Queen, 142, 157, 279, 287, 299n, 367–8, 370, 411, 466, 512, 529, 676–7
and Cromwell, 36n, 115, 199, 224–5, 292–3, 311–13, 335, 342, 349–52, 440–41
assessment and character, 350
Mary Tudor, Queen of France, 178–9, 311, 384
mass: see eucharist
Master, Thomas, 56, 100–101, 120, 450
masturbation, 305–6
Matthys, Jan, 287
Maunsell, William, 343, 391, 678
May, William, 462
Mayler, John, 507
Meath, 545–6
Medici, Cardinal Giulio de’, 42
Medici, Piero de’, 23, 32; see also Leo X
Medley, George, 309n
Megges, Thomas, 19–20
Melanchthon, Philipp, 71, 289–91, 306, 313, 363, 445–8, 461, 495
Melton, Nicholas, 382
Mendoza, Diego de, 448–9
Merriman, Roger Bigelow, 72
Meverell family, 17
Michaelmas, 302, 378
Michelham Priory, 432, 441
Middelburg, 25
Middlemore, Humphrey, 250, 282
Middlesex, 176, 274, 335, 437
Midlands, 186–7, 198, 257, 294, 296, 387, 458, 473, 541, 548; see also Leicestershire; Northamptonshire; Nottinghamshire; Shropshire; Staffordshire; Worcestershire
Milan, Christina, Duchess of, 448–9, 494
Milsent, John, 383–4, 386, 439–40, 458
Minterne, Thomas, 81, 181
mints, royal, 170; see also coinage
Missenden, Jane, Prioress of Legbourne, 383
monasteries, 13, 202, 226–7, 241, 268, 273, 294–302, 415, 419, 499, 509–12
dissolutions, Ch. 3, 75–6, 80, 83, 87, 95–8, 106, 109–10, 183, 188, 193–204, 295, 299, 307–10, 319–22, 330, 345–6, 353, Ch. 16, 423–4, 430–35, 439–42, 459, 482, 488–92, 501–2, 509–12, 517–18, 532
mitred abbots, 239, 471–2, 509, 517
reform in, 63–4, 73,
187, 282–3, 299–302, 319, 332, 335, 346, 400, 488–92, 510
see also alien priories; comperta; Suppression, Acts of; visitations
monks, 270, 289–90, 307, 319, 399, 411, 447, 454; see also Benedictines; Cistercians; Cluniacs; Gilbertines; Premonstratensians; Trinitarians
Mont (Mundt), Christoff, 142–3, 260, 446, 494–5
Montacute Priory, 194
Montague, Lord: see Browne; Pole, Henry
Montague Conspiracy: see Exeter Conspiracy
Monteagle, Lord: see Stanley
Montmorency, Anne, duc de, 444, 492, 525
Montmorency, François de, sieur de la Rochepot, 492–3
Mordaunt, John, 1st Baron Mordaunt of Turvey, 165
More, The, 62, 230, 615
More, Roger, 88, 603, 607–8
More, Thomas, 42, 137, 166, 243, 283, 409, 445, 449, 509, 603
and annulment of Aragon marriage, 116, 144, 150, 177
Lord Chancellor, 97–8, 142, 168
resigns office, 165, 176–7, 214
and Elizabeth Barton, 234, 236
in Tower, 249, 259, 267, 278
trial and death, Plate 39; 279–81, 284–6, 289–90, 297, 350, 359, 468, 473, 487
and Cromwell, 248–50, 279–80
and heresy, 160–63, 176–7, 242–5
literary patronage, 188, 244–5
and Parliament, 53, 159n
portrait, 174–5
writings, 140, 188, 190, 241–2, 246
Morice, Ralph, 34, 73, 105, 120, 504–5, 586
Morison, Richard, 28, 35, 82, 313, 361–2, 407, 450–51, 478, 496, 514, 518, 699
Morley, Lord: see Parker
Morone, Cardinal Giovanni, 72
Morris (Mores), John, 93
Mortlake, 9, 14–15, 356, 386, 393–4, 425–7, 439, 449, 520, 696
Mountjoy Priory, 96
Mountjoy, Lord: see Blount
Moyle, Thomas, 405
Muchelney Priory, 194
Munslow, Richard, Abbot of Winchcombe, 510
Münster, 286–8
music, church, 364
musters, military, 503, 526
Myconius, Friedrich, 447–8
mystics: see Barton, Elizabeth; Wentworth, ?Ann
Nelson, Horatio, 1st Viscount Nelson, 111
Netherlands: see Low Countries
Nettlestead, 456
Neville, Edward, 485
Neville, George, 5th Baron Abergavenny/Bergavenny, 165
‘New Learning’: see evangelicalism
New Testament, 34–5, 69, 152, 297, 416; see also Bible
New Year’s gifts, 141, 156, 168, 511
New York, Frick Collection, 174–5
Newark-on-Trent, 387
Newcastle upon Tyne, 373, 381
Newdigate, Sebastian, 282