Against White Feminism
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and sexual relations, 122–27
vs. suffrage, 29–31
and victim blaming, 126–27
and white privilege, 18–19, 20–22, 80
color-blindness, 10, 195, 196
Committee for Artistic and Intellectual Freedom, 49–50, 52
compulsory sexuality, 107–8, 109, 132–33, 135–36
consumerism, 112–13, 114–15, 116–18, 134–35
Cook, Joana, 80
Cosmo Girl feminism, 116–19, 203
Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), 83, 84, 88
Couric, Katie, 97
Couzins, Phoebe, 38–39
Covid-19 pandemic, 195
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 53, 169–72, 186, 200
criminalization, 123, 142–45, 147
culture, 70, 156–57, 159. See also white savior complex
DAWN (Development Alternatives with Women in a New era), 57–58, 59–61
de Beauvoir, Simone, 43–47, 54–55
deep poverty, 190
Democratic Republic of Congo, 15–17
deportation, 164
Desai, Shivani, 183
Development Crises and Alternative Visions: Third World Women’s Perspectives (Sen), 58
Dingle, Sherill, 182–84
Do Muslim Women Need Saving? (Abu-Lughod), 84
domestic abuse, 3–4, 5, 140–41, 154–55, 166
double standards, 141–46, 154–55. See also racism
Douglass, Frederick, 38, 40
East Asia, 45–46
economics, 62–66, 68–69. See also capitalism
ego killings, 141
Egypt, 26–28
empowerment
co-option (overview), 201
co-option and consumerism, 114–15, 116–18
co-option and economic focus, 62–66, 68, 76
co-option and erasing politics, 60–61, 68
co-option and queer culture, 133–35
co-option and recruiting Muslim women, 111
core components, 201
in India, 57–58, 59–60
vs. power, 59
See also sex-positive feminism
“The Enfranchisement of Women” (Taylor), 20
Ensler, Eve, 15–17
entrepreneurship, 68–69, 72
epistemological skepticism, 47–48, 51, 52, 54–55, 59
erasure, 16–18, 30–31, 37–38, 39. See also politics, erasure of
essential workers, 195–96
essentialization, 43–47
etiquette, 26–28
Excellent Daughters (Zoepf), 100–102
experience, 6–8, 13–14, 201
expertise, 7–9, 13
exploitation, 95–96, 98–100
Eyben, Rosalind, 65
Farooqi, Salma, 90
Fawcett, Millicent, 29
female genital cutting (FGC), 156–63
feminism
and anticapitalism, 202
discussing, 206–9
divisions in, 4–6
eliminating whiteness, x, 187, 200–201, 209
and failing feminists, 54–55
imbalance in, 12–13
and intersectionality, 54–55 (see also intersectionality)
making whiteness visible, 48, 186–87, 200
and perspectives from trauma, 8
race and suffrage (see suffrage)
serving state (see War on Terror and feminism)
solidarity, 47–53, 55, 166–67, 200–203, 209–10
and transformational change, 198–99
trickle-down, 67–68, 87
VIP feminists, 52–53
and wave structure, 199
women of color influencing, 13–14
women of color turning from, 209–10
feminist foreign policy, 91–93
Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF), 181–85, 186–87
feminists/women of color
accessing funds, 165
bonding, 57
capitalizing on friendships of, 95–102
ceding to white feminists, 174, 197–98, 207
class and gender equality, 58
conforming to whiteness, ix–x, 12, 110, 174–76, 177–79, 186
and de Beauvoir, 43–46
disadvantages against men, 10
and experiences/stories, 6–8, 13–14, 201
as failing, 155
India 1800s, 25–26
in Iran, 49–54, 55
leadership roles, 74–75
and men of color, 11, 58, 75, 83
as oppressed, 18–19, 20–24, 66–67, 70
pitfalls, 207, 208
and poverty, 190–92, 193–94
recognition (see recognition)
and resources, 5
roles in white feminism, 55
and sexuality, 135–36
showing gratitude, 28
texts in academia, 130
turning from feminism, 209–10
and voting, 41–42 (see also suffrage)
white feminists using, 32–36, 41, 177–78
and white intersectionalists, ix
and white women taking charge, 51–54, 55, 197–98
and Women’s March, 194–96
See also specific women/countries
feminized imperialism, 24. See also imperial superiority
Ferguson, Niall, 87
fetishization, 33–36, 40–41
first-wave feminism. See suffrage
forced hysterectomies, 163–65
Fortson-Washington, China, 180–81, 186
Four More Shots Please (TV show), 121
Fraser, Nancy, 192–93, 198
Freeland, Chrystia, 92
French Napoleonic Penal Code, 153
Friedan, Betty, 47
Gates Foundation Chicken Program, 17, 68–69
gender equality, 58, 97. See also War on Terror and feminism
genital exams, 124, 125
Ghana, 120, 158
Ghani, Rula, 71–72
“Global Bazaar,” 32–36, 41
Goldberg, Michelle, 133
gratitude, 28
Guatemala, 128
Gupta, Kristina, 107
headscarves, 11, 49–51, 136, 177
Her Honor (Quraishi), 129
heteronormativity, 107–8, 124
Hills, Rachel, 133
Hindu women, 122, 124, 145–49. See also India
Hispanic women, 180–81, 188, 190, 191–92
Hodzic, Saida, 157–58
Hong Kong, 125
honor killings
assumptions, 141
as colonial interventions, 150–51
definition, 140–41
and education, 61
Jordan laws, 153–54
and Qisas and Diyat Ordinance, 151–52
and Western domestic abuse, 154–55
Zakaria’s talk, 177–79
Hossain, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat, 26
hysterectomies, 163–65
ignorance of global south. See white savior complex
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 160–64
imperial superiority, 18–19, 20–28, 45–46, 51–52, 142–45. See also white savior complex
imperialism. See feminized imperialism; imperial superiority
Imperialism and Its Forms of Knowledge (Cohn), 142
India
Bewah murder, 126–27
British abortion/infanticide laws, 142–45, 225n14
British Common Law, 150–51
British ethnography, 142
clean stoves initiative, 56–57, 64, 66–67
DAWN and empowerment, 59–61, 65–66
feminism vs. colonialism, 29–31
sati, 145–49
and sexual relations, 121, 122, 123–27
suffragists white savior complexes, 23, 24–26, 29–31, 45
individualism, 103, 118–19, 168–69, 173, 202–3
inequality of wealth, 73–74. See also poverty
infanticide, 142�
�45, 225n14
Inside Gender Jihad: Women’s Reform in Islam (Wadud), 129–30
international development. See white savior complex
“International Development Has a Race Problem” (Bruce-Raeburn), 73–74
International Women’s Day, 49–50
intersectionality
about, 169–72
and ceding space, ix
and de Beauvoir, 43–46
definition, ix, 170
and feminist history, 54–55
and LGBTQI, 135
and Millett in Iran, 53–54
and transformational change, 198–99
and Women’s March, 195
Iran, 49–54, 55
Iraq. See War on Terror and feminism
Irwin County Detention Center (ICDC), 163–65
Islamic law, 129–30, 150–51
Islamophobia, 111
It’s What I Do (Addario), 98
Jewish people, 44–45
Johnsdotter, Sara, 159–60
Jordan, 153–54
journalists, 152–53
Kaplan, Robert, 84
Kier, Sophie, 49
Ku Klux Klan, 42
Labor of Love (Weigel), 117
Lady Health Worker Program, 90–91
Latina women, 128, 164
Lebanon, 101
legitimacy, 9
LGBTQI people, 108, 122, 133–35, 194
Lindsay, Treva, 131
Lorde, Audre, 168, 185–86, 193–94, 209
Of Love & War (Addario), 98
Lucier, Aurielle Marie, 194
Lynch, Jessica, 81–82
Martin, Tess, 186
McCall, Leslie, 171
McCurry, Steven, 99–100
Memphis riots, 131
men
of color, 11, 22, 58, 75, 83
and mainstream feminism, 10
“Sultana’s Dream” (Hossain), 26
white savior complex, 11, 22, 75
#MeToo movement, 131–32
microloans/credits, 64, 65
Millett, Kate, 47–55, 113–15
Mishra, Pankaj, 84
misogyny, 82
Mistress of a Married Man (TV show), 121
modernization, 157–58
monogamy, 122–23
Moore v Hughes Helicopter, 169–70
moral inferiority, 126–29, 135–36, 142–49, 156
Morris, Jane Mosbacher, 88
mothers, 126–29
Mozambique, 69
Muslim women
and headscarves, 11, 49–51, 136, 177
and sex, 106–7, 110
and white feminist ideas, 110
Zakaria’s graduate paper, 129–30
See also Afghanistan; honor killings; War on Terror and feminism
My Life on the Road (Steinem), 110
Naidu, Sarojini, 29
names, 176
Namibia, 125
Napier-Moore, Rebecca, 65
National Organization of Women (NOW), 85, 180–82, 184–85, 186–87
National Women’s Studies Association (NWSA), 185–86, 193–94
Native American women, 128, 190
neoimperialism. See white savior complex
neoliberalism, 64, 203–4. See also capitalism
NGOs (Non-governmental organizations), 62–63, 72–74, 76, 158–59, 204. See also international development
nonmonogamy, 122. See also sex-positive feminism
Nordland, Rod, 97
objectivity, 7–8
Operation Limelight, 160–63
othering
de Beauvoir, 43–46
domestic abuse, 154–55
“Global Bazaar,” 33–36, 41
at Manhattan wine bar, 1–2, 4, 6
and others’ oppression, 11–12, 55 (see also imperial superiority)
vs. solidarity, 202
stories vs. power, 6–9
and white savior complexes, 16
World’s Columbian Exposition, 40
Zakaria’s honor killings talk, 177–79
Pakistan, 61, 89–90, 105–6, 129, 151–52. See also War on Terror and feminism
Palmer, Bertha, 38–39
patriarchy
and sati, 149
Sexual Politics (Millet), 47, 113–14
and state, 79
and white women, 172–73
World’s Columbian Exposition, 40
performing
and alcohol, 1–2
editing stories, 4, 9–10
“Global Bazaar,” 34–35
and sexual openness, 107–8, 109, 132–33, 135–36
wokeness, 175–76
Persian Pictures (Bell), 21
philosophy, 43–44
photographs, 98, 99–101
plastic surgery, 156–57
police, 3
politics, erasure of
overview, 13, 202–5
Afghan women, 88–89
British suffragists, 23
Canadian feminist foreign policy, 93
international development, 60–63, 68, 70, 76
and sacrifice in feminism, 137–38
poverty, 62–63, 70, 187, 190–92. See also white savior complex
Powar, Soonderbai, 25
power
in academia, 177
of aid industrial complex, 73–74
capitalism and feminism, 118–19
vs. empowerment, 59
vs. livelihoods, 201
and othering, 6–9, 36
through privilege, 19, 51, 52, 53
and traditional ways, 57
white feminists’ positions, 6–8, 176
precarity, 105–6
Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE), 88
Pride festivals, 134
PROMOTE, 71–72
prostitution, 123–25
publishing, 25
Qazi courts, 150, 151, 152
Qisas and Diyat Ordinance, 151–52
Quit India Movement, 29
Quraishi, Asifa, 129
racialized wealth, 73–74
racism
and aid industrial complex, 73–74
compulsory genital exams, 159–60, 162, 163
and epistemological skepticism, 54
and equality in professional spaces, 58
and feminist organizations, 180–86, 194–95
and recognition, 171
recognizing, 207
and suffrage, 20–23, 29
and United Nations, 74
World’s Columbian Exposition, 40–41
See also colonialism; double standards
radical politics. See activism; Millett, Kate
Rahman, Momin, 172
rainbow-washing, 133–35
Ramabai, Pandita, 25
Rau, Dhanvanthi Rama, 29
reactionary stances, 206–8
rebellion vs. resilience, 10–11
recognition, 11, 52–53, 171, 192–93, 199
redistribution, 192–94, 199
Redistribution or Recognition (Fraser), 192
relatability, 7–8, 11
reproductive rights, 76, 126–27, 142–43
resources, 5
reverse racism, 195
Revolution from Within: A Book of Self- Esteem (Steinem), 119
Rich, Adrienne, 107
Rubin, Alissa, 94
Saad, Layla, 174–75
sati, 145–49
Satthianadhan, Krupabai, 25
Saudi Arabia, 92, 93, 100–101
Save the Children, 89, 91
The Second Sex (de Beauvoir), 43–45
second-wave feminism, 112–15, 118
securo-feminism, 84, 86–88. See also War on Terror and feminism
Seierstad, Åsne, 95–96
self-preservation, 174
Sen, Gita, 57–60, 75–76
Senegal, 121, 156–57
sex, 48
Sex and the City (TV show), 119–21, 136
Sex and the Single Girl (Br
own), 115
sex-positive feminism
and academia, 104–5, 108–10
and choice feminism, 138
and colonial history, 122–27, 142–45
and consumerism, 112–13, 114–15, 132–33
and corporate friendly working-girls, 115–19
as “discovered” by white women, 120–22
in India, 122
and intersectionality, 135
and performance, 107–8, 109, 132–33
Sexual Revolution, 112–15
television shows, 119–21
Zakaria’s graduate paper, 129–30
Sexual Politics (Millet), 47–48, 113–14
sexuosociety, 108, 134. See also compulsory sexuality
Shah of Iran, 49–50
shelters, 5, 85–86, 94
“Shelters Have Saved Countless Afghan Women.” (article), 85–86
Shook, Teresa, 194
Shulman, Alix, 47
slavery, 46
Smeal, Eleanor, 85, 182–84, 185
Smith, Courtney, 156, 159–60
solidarity, 200–203, 209–10
Southborough Franchise Committee, 30
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 11–12, 74–75, 149
state, 79. See also War on Terror and feminism
Steinem, Gloria, 52–53, 110
stereotypes, 44, 46, 127–28
Stopes, Charlotte Carmichael, 29
stoves, 56–57, 64, 66–67
subaltern, 11–12
suffrage
vs. battling colonialism, 29–31
and Bell, 19–20
celebrating, 42–43
and racism, 20–26, 28–29
and Truth, 170–71
World’s Columbian Exposition, 36–39
“Sultana’s Dream” (Hossain), 26
Sweden, 91–92, 159–60
Symons, Emma Kate, 195
Syria, 101–2
The Taliban Shuffle (Barker), 95
Taylor, Harriet, 20
technocratic solutions, 204–5
third-wave feminism, 115
Todd, Bridget, 194–95
tokenism, 174, 182
torture, 77–79
transformational change, 198–99, 206, 208–9
transgender people, 122, 194. See also LGBTQI people
trauma
aversion to, 5–6
and civil-rights cases, 189
stories of, 8, 15–16, 55, 178, 189
Trump, Donald, 76, 156, 183, 196–97
Truth, Sojourner, 170–71
UN Global Alliance for Clean Stoves, 56–57
United Nations, 64, 66–67, 74. See also various organizations/initiatives
universalization, ix, 172–73, 175, 195, 200
U.S. Aid and International Development Agency (USAID), 71–72
vaccinations, 89–91
value, 63–64
Van Pelt, Toni, 181, 182, 185
veiling. See headscarves
Verne, Jules, 148–49
victim blaming, 126–27
violence against women, 94. See also domestic abuse
virtue signalling, 17–18, 93. See also white savior complex
voting, 41–42. See also suffrage
Wadud, Amina, 129–30
Wallström, Margot, 91–92