The Crowd and the Cosmos: Adventures in the Zooniverse
Page 30
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LIST OF FIGURE CREDITS
1 NASA/JPL-Caltech
2 Courtesy of Ted Stryk
3 Nicolas Kipourax Paquet/Getty Images
4 Fermilab Visual Media Services
7 galaxyzoo.org
8 Sloan Digital Sky Survey
9 Sloan Digital Sky Survey
10 Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo
11 Karen Masters and SDSS
12 © DiVertiCimes
13 DEA/G DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini Editore/age fotostock
14 Royal Astronomical Society/Science Photo Library
15 Biblioteca Ambrosiana/De Agostini Editore/age fotostock
16 Mantell Family Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand (MS-Papers-0083-268-003)
17 NASA, ESA, B. Simmons (Lancaster University/UC San Diego) and
J. Shanahan (UC San Diego)
18 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/ASU
19 The National Archives
20 Photo by Chris Lintott
21 Photo by Chris Lintott
22 Snapshot Serengeti
23 Trafton Drew et al: ‘The Invisible Gorilla Strikes Again: Sustained Inattentional Blindness in Expert Observers’, Psychological Science 24 (9), 1848–53, 2013. 10.1177/0956797613479386.
24 William C. Keel et al., ‘HST Imaging of Fading AGN Candidates I: Host-Galaxy Properties and Origin of the Extended Gas’, Published 2015
April 14 • © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights
reserved.
25 Carolin Cardamone et al., ‘Galaxy Zoo Green Peas: Discovery of a Class of Compact Extremely Star-Forming Galaxies’, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 399, Issue 3, 1 November 2009, Pages 1191–
205, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15383.x © 2018 Oxford University Press
26 H. Giguere, M. Giguere/Yale University
256 List of figure Credits
27 T. S. Boyajian et al., ‘Planet Hunters IX. KIC 8462852: Where’s the Flux?’, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 457, Issue 4, 21
April 2016, Pages 3988–4004, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw218.
© 2018 Oxford University Press
28 Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library
LIST OF PLATE CREDITS
1 David St. Louis (CC BY 2.0)
2 M. Blanton and SDSS
3 ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)
4 ESO
5 (a) NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and The Hubble Heritage Team
(STScI/AURA); (b) NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/
AURA)
6 NASA, H. Ford (JHU), G. Illingworth (UCSC/LO), M. Clampin (STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), the ACS Science Team, and ESA
7 RAL Space HI instrument team, the STEREO mission and SECCHI teams, and NASA
8 Tommy Eliassen/Science Photo Library
9 Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
10 J. E. Geach et al., ‘The Red Radio Ring: A Gravitationally Lensed Hyperluminous Infrared Radio Galaxy at z = 2.553 Discovered through
the Citizen Science Project SPACE WARPS’, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 452, Issue 1, 1 September 2015, Pages 502–10.
© 2018 Oxford University Press
11 NASA, ESA, William Keel (University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa), and the Galaxy Zoo team
INDEX
Note: Figures and footnotes are indicated by an italic f and n A
Atacama Desert, Chile 163
accelerated expansion 160
ATLAS detector 36
accretion disc 195, 200–1
atmosphere of the Earth 12, 25, 28
Adams, Douglas 159–60 n
Audubon Society’s Christmas Bird
Adler, Max 131
Count 99–100
Adler Planetarium, Chicago 131
aurorae 118–19
adverted vision 6
auroral crown 119
agents 177
Austrian war of succession 73
alien megastructures 207, 219–20
automated systems 243–4
Alpha Centauri 34 n
axis of evil 63–5
amateur astronomers 99–100
axis of symmetry 65
Amazon, Mechanical Turk
system 179
B
American Association of Variable
Balbus, Steve 79
Star Observers 99–100
ballistic pendulum 75
American Astronomical
barred spiral galaxies 50–1
Society 98–9 n, 192
BBC News website 41–2
amino acids 22–3
Bellatrix star 30
Anderson, Katharine 84
bending of light 172
Andreescu, Dan 63 n
Betelgeux star 29–30
Andromeda Galaxy 49, 53, 104–6
Big Bang 35–6, 49–50, 55, 63–4, 113,
Angel, Roger 32
158–9
Anglo-Australian 2dF survey 56
binary stars 214–15
Antarctic 135–49
black holes 26, 28–9, 33–4, 106,
Antennae galaxy 105
195–7, 199, 201–3, 246
anti-gravity 159
actively growing 175–6
Apollo missions 123, 125 f
in bulgeless galaxies 112
Arctic 127, 145
at centre of IC2497: 199–200
Argelander, Friedrich 96–9
consumption of fuel 111
argon 124
growth of 109–11
artificial intelligence 231, 234
mass of 110
asteroid belt 218–19
in the Milky Way 200–1
asteroids 7–8, 23, 33–4, 169, 215–16,
blue ellipticals 68–70
218–19, 229–30, 245
Boles, Tom 7–8
astrochemistry 12, 24–5
Boyajian, Tabby 216–17
260 Index
Boyajian’s star 216–17 n
close reading 225–6
brightness of stars 30, 52–3, 97–8,
CMS detectors 36
208–9
collaborative surveys 13
brightness of supernovae 155–6
Collier’s (magazine) 91
British Association for the
collision of two galaxies 104
Advancement of Science 89–90
comets 23, 62–3, 79, 153–4, 217–19
British Isles 79–80
Churyumov–Gerasimenko 3–4
British Royal Navy, weather logs 129
Comet Biela 217–18
British Science Association 89–90 n
Comet Schwassmann–
Brohan, Phil 128–9
Wachmann 3 217–18
brokers 164–5, 245
computational scientists 28
bromochlorofluoromethane 22 f
computer games 182–3
brown dwarfs 30
computer models 24–9
bulgeless galaxies 109–10, 112–13,
computers 100–1
112 f, 115
Conchological Society of Great
Bunbury, Baronet Charles 95
Britain and Ireland 94–5 n
confusion matrix 178
C
Conley, Kenny 189–90
carbo
n monoxide 69–70
continuum light 192
Carrington Event 119–20
convolutional neural networks 231,
carvone 21–22
244
Cassini spacecraft 216
Cooke, Ben 166–7
Central Bureau for Astronomical
coronal mass ejections (CMEs) 118–21
Telegrams, US 167
cosmic horizon 160
Cepheid stars 47–9, 54–5, 157
cosmological principle 64–5
Ceres 218–19
Cox, Brian 173
Cerro Pachón, Chile 163
Coxwell, Henry 85–7, 86 f
Charcot, Jean-Baptiste 144 n
craters 123–6, 229–30
chiral molecules 21–2
crowdsourcing 78–9, 87–8, 95–6
cigar-like galaxies 50–1, 166–7
Cupples, George 92–4
circular polarization 19–21, 23–5
citizen science 78, 84, 88, 116, 149,
D
152, 165, 170, 173, 209–10, 224–5,
dark energy 59, 159–63, 234
235–6, 238–9
dark matter 37–8
efficiency of projects 152
Darwin, Charles 91–5
examples of 90–1
Director’s Discretionary Time 53, 222–3
future of 185–6, 230–1
disc galaxies 53–4, 106
see also Galaxy Zoo
distances to stars 30
citizen scientists 76, 91, 94–5,
Drew, Trafton 186–7
121–3, 137, 152, 169, 176, 179,
dwarf galaxies 193–4, 204–5
185, 203, 214
dwarf planets 218–19
climate 126
Dyson, Freeman 219–20
climate change 28, 126–7, 145
Dyson sphere 219–20
climate models 127–8, 131
Dyson swarm 220 f
Index 261
E
colour of 70–1, 107
Eddington limit 111
shapes of 43, 50–1
Einstein, Albert 171
shutting down of 113
Einstein cross 171–2
galaxy distances 47
electric fields 19–20
Galaxy Zoo 40–2, 63, 66–71, 87,
elliptical galaxies 42–3, 50–1, 53–4,
102–3, 106–7, 109, 115–16,
59–61, 68–9
182–3, 203
colour of 52–3, 57–8
original website 41 f
formation of 59
reasons for volunteers to
European Extremely Large Telescope