by M K Gandhi
M1 This formed the Bihari contingent.
M2 The difference between the pomp and splendour of those days and his simple life today are as separated as heavens from earth.
M3 A teacher may be lacking in knowledge of letters but requires the force of character.
M4 but
M5 Gokhale’s Society
M6 Champaran associates
M1 the case was reserved for Dr. Dev.
M2 amusing
M3 annoyance at the suggestion of improvements.
M4 I suggested to Kasturbai to persuade these women to wash and change their clothes.
M5 bags and boxes and change of clothes. Countless people live with only the clothes on their body and possession.
M6 suitable
M7 six
M1 The Brighter Side
M2 increased their efforts
M3 the grievances appoint an official inquiry committee
M4 Some of them
M5 realize their own power
M1 ability
M2 belabouring the bullocks within certain limits
M3 To me the mill-hands’ case appeared to be strong.
M4 who played a principal role in this heartless battle between mill-hands and mill-owners
M5 but the mill-owners refused to recognize the propriety of an intervention by arbitrators between them and the mill-hands
M6 those who wish to resume work
M7 if their resources were exhausted
M8 hundreds
M1 visited it as well
M2 not so far that reaching there would be difficult. And some day the Ashram had to settle on its own open land to justify the name, Ashram.
M3 fate
M4 Despite using this-worldly language to describe God’s actions, I know that His ‘work’ is indescribable.
M5 child-like prattle
M6 discovered by
M1 attended the daily meetings in large numbers
M2 labourers’ strike in South Africa, but this was a new experience. The pledge that was taken at my suggestion, a pledge to which I bore witness every day, how was that pledge to be broken? This idea could be considered as pride, or it could be considered as love for the labourers and for truth.
M3 But fast you cannot.
M4 penance
M5 such a tainted fast
M6 two or three
M7 and in order to secure food they break normal boundaries
M8 rich
M1 Deputations had met the Government.
M2 require no agitation
M3 But why would the government pay any heed? People demanded appointment of arbitrators. The Government found it unbearable.
M4 public workers
M5 left
M1 spectators
M2 The Kheda struggle had become a subject for the Press.
M3 army
M4 this kind of
M5 people’s money
M6 Civility means an inward respect for the opponent, pure feelings, a concern for their interests, and conduct to match these.
M7 people
M8 atoned
M9 a breach of law
M10 I had clearly shown to the people that this entailed the danger of fine as also imprisonment.
M11 How could the Government not arrest them?
M12 punishment by the State, instead of repressing people, gives them valour.
M13 am
M14 But no one was inclined to file an appeal.
M1 ended in a strange manner
M2 any of us
M3 sweetness
M4 it appeared to me lustreless from this point of view
M5 pure
M6 emergency
M7 people
M1 Great War
M2 Barrister
M3 to their society
M4 the sourness between them
M5 I knew from then
M6 Our affection grew. But soon after our acquaintance the Government buried the Ali Brothers alive.
M7 faith is supreme.
M8 I have reflected over it all and yet
M1 in our times
M2 the Viceroy’s
M3 I was ashamed.
M4 a good
M5 immediately swallow it
M6 was shaken a bit
M7 three or four
M8 said
M1 roasted and pounded groundnut mixed with jaggery, fruits like banana, etc., and juice of two or three lemons.
M2 nuts
M3 I gave in to taste
M4 sin
M5 a body hard as stone
M6 independent of anything else. I had no greed to live by eating all types of things and by whichever remedy.
M7 signs of death
M8 India does not know him
M9 unfertilized
M10 unfertilized
M11 some interest in the activities around me
M1 staying there for a patient such as me
M2 milk I will not take
M3 from the point of view of ahimsa
M4 protection of the body and the soul of the vow and adherence to it in letter and spirit
M5 I have not been able to discern my duty towards my vows
M6 for their observance
M7 definite
M8 occasionally wrote for
M9 methods
M1 A sleeping man can be awakened, but how would a man pretending to be asleep listen to the beating of drums in his ears?
M2 The farce of discussing the Bills in the legislature had to be enacted. The Government enacted the farce.
M3 And who would listen to my feeble tune?
M4 hitherto I have not felt that I have erred in my belief
M5 I could recognize him on sight
M1 news
M2 at heart
M3 many were injured, some killed,
M4 As in Delhi, so in Lahore and Amritsar.
M5 only one law from among those which
M6 Two of these books were mine, viz Hind Swaraj and Sarvodaya.
M7 many
M8 placed four annas either in my or Sarojini Devi’s hands
M9 Some even gave ten or five rupee notes
M10 tell them that
M11 explain to them how
M12 feared that one of the lances might also dispose us of
M13 It was a most dreadful scene. The horsemen and the people seemed like madmen. The mounted police did not see and could not see anything. They bent low on their horses and cut their way. I saw that the time it took them to cut through the crowd of thousands, they could see not a thing before them.
M1 Sahib
M2 Unless people remain peaceful I cannot wage the battle of satyagraha.
M3 over the killings
M4 I expressed my disagreement.
M5 through whom I had expected to offer satyagraha
M1 Considering the situation in Nadiad, hearing about the arrests of many from Kheda district, during the course of my speech at the public meeting, I suddenly realized that I had, in inviting people from Kheda and elsewhere to offer civil disobedience, committed an error and it appeared to be mountainous.
M2 I have always believed that we must reduce to a dust particle the elephantine errors of others and view our own errors, small as a mustard seed, as large as mountains; only then do we get a relative estimation of others’ and our own errors.
M3 a good
M4 And if someone were to advise obedience of such laws, even persons considered to be good would not readily agree to it.
M5 carry head-lights on his bicycle after dark
M6 acquires the fitness to distinguish between morality and immorality
M7 initiating
M8 civil disobedience and its limits
M9 guide them at every moment
M10 I could not generate much interest among people
M11 even those who had enlisted began to fall rather than become firmer. I realized that the cart of civil disobedience would move at a pace slower than expected.
M1 Martial law was proclaimed, hence there was authoritarian rule. Leaders were arrested.
M2 moral
M3 became
M4 But I did not have to bear this responsibility for any length of time. The Government, in its kindness, suspended its publication.
M5 offer appropriate criticism of
M6 the power of
M7 same group
M8 those who looked towards me for advice and guidance
M1 did not hesitate even in holding me guilty for the martial law. These irate young men
M2 plentiful
M3 suggested
M4 If the Committee were to be boycotted it was decided to have a Committee on behalf of the people, that is the Congress.
M1 the massacre of
M2 when I received a public invitation. Late Hakim Sahib and Bhai Asaf Ali were signatories to it. It also stated that Shraddhanandji would be attending it. And if I remember aright, he was to be the vice-president. This invitation was for a joint meeting of Hindus and Mussalmans called to discuss the situation arising out of the Khilafat betrayal and to decide as to whether any part should be taken in the peace celebrations. I recollect that this conference was to be held in the month of November.
M3 good
M4 at this meeting
M5 cloth
M6 been reborn
M7 But here I had to explain to a gathering that held the opposite view.
M8 national language
M9 I found the word ‘non-cooperation’.
M10 I made the first use of the word ‘non-cooperation’ at this meeting. In my address I gave arguments in support of it.
M1 had set aside
M2 Hindi
M3 King-Emperor’s
M4 not liked by
M5 Royal proclamation
M6 There were people lying around everywhere. It had neither space nor solitude.
M7 I saw that my duty lay in participation during the discussion on the resolution of the reforms. I
M8 I had also believed that Montague would not allow India to be betrayed.
M9 were permitted to absent myself
M10 with great hesitation
M11 assembly
M12 What else could be asked for?
M1 That I had to participate in the Congress, I do not regard as my entry into the Congress.
M2 the lowliest of soldiers
M3 one of my capabilities
M4 real work of the Subjects Committee was done
M5 Malaviyaji occupied and continues to do so the first place among those who had tremendous capacity to seek alms for public work.
M6 I did not have, still do not have, the capacity to garner hundreds of thousands of rupees from princes and kings by bringing them under a magic spell. I have not seen anyone who can compete with Malaviyaji in this regard.
M7 running
M8 that enabled it to work through the year or plan for the future
M9 The Congress had crowds of thousands gathering at its sessions, how was it to do any work of the people?
M10 their representatives
M11 our ship would find the shore. That would happen when it has to.
M1 hunger would
M2 I had to face great difficulty whilst establishing the loom. We were all ignorant and hence procuring a loom was not the same as running one. All of us could either wield a pen or run a business
M3 A loom was procured from Kathiawad and another from Palanpur and a trainer also arrived
M4 We wanted to wear clothes of our own making.
M5 unpaid
M6 woman
M7 She was prepared to ride on horseback.
M1 Gangabehn communicated the news to me and my joy knew no bounds.
M2 tired me out
M3 I felt hesitant in taking a decision about purchasing the slivers.
M4 He was engaged at a monthly salary of thirty-five rupees or perhaps even higher.
M5 took the responsibility of supplying bales of cotton. Gangabehn expanded her work at once. She brought and settled
M6 spindles
M7 But I kept making inquiries.
M8 I was hitherto completely blind to the science of khadi. I wanted hand-spun yarn and women spinners.
M9 by Gangabehn
M10 But does the mind contribute any less to making a person healthy or diseased?
M11 How was I to obtain handmade slivers in here?
M12 Faithful devotees of the country gave the money and I spent it.
M13 gave us the measure of our limits
M14 fifty
M15 fully met my need
M16 an Antyaj
M17 through them khadi of a larger width woven
M18 cultured
M1 this activity
M2 We went to him.
M3 this law
M4 , certainly not commit betrayal and would never sell foreign cloth as Swadeshi.
M5 to bring samples. These were samples of blankets manufactured from waste yarn.
M6 to the far North
M7 agents such as you
M8 with
M9 The mill produce does not remain unsold.
M10 believe in
M11 If your movement is thus organized
M1 The Tide of Non-Cooperation
M2 to do so would be to make a book of these subjects
M3 Therefore, it is now time to say something about non-cooperation.
M4 joined in
M5 That would enhance the prestige of the main organizations
M6 Abbas Sahib
M7 I had failed to explain what I needed to through the word ‘peaceful’ to purely Muslim audiences.
M8 Seasoned fighters had assembled at Calcutta
M9 his warmth
M10 at this critical hour in the nation’s history, his absence was felt by everyone
M1 authoritarian
M2 The Congress discussed the goal of swaraj.
M3 truthful
M1 describe them truthfully
M2 While giving these descriptions to the reader I have experienced
M3 readers
M4 It has not been my experience that there is a God other than Truth.
M5 The effort might have been in vain, but the principle is not.
M6 all
M7 is an utter impossibility
M8 Such purification is attainable. The personal and the universal are so close that purification of one equals the purification of many. And the God of Truth has endowed everyone, since birth, with the capacity to strive after self-purification.
M9 Even after
M10 The experiments with truth have given me great joy, they do so even now.
M11 Praying for such humility and begging the world to join me in my prayer, I close these chapters, for the present at any rate.
1 Mahadev Desai, Mahadevbhai Ni Diary, vol. 8, edited by C.B. Dalal (Ahmedabad: Sabarmati Ashram Preservation and Memorial Trust, 1966), p. 372. All translations from original Gujarati by Tridip Suhrud (henceforth TS), unless stated otherwise.
2 The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Publications Division), vol. 29, p. 316. The project known as the CWMG commenced in September 1956 and concluded with the publication of 100 volumes in 1994, of these ninety-seven volumes contain Gandhi’s writings and volumes 98 and 99 contains subject index and index of names respectively, while the last volume is a compilation of the editorial prefaces of the preceding volumes. Henceforth cited as CWMG; year of publication of each individual volume is not necessary in the customary citation of the CWMG.
3 TS’s translation, Chapter XXXVI, Part IV, see n. 1.
4 Bhagvad Gita, Verse 69, Discourse II. The Gospel of Selfless Action or the Gita According to Gandhi, (trans.) Mahadev Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1946), p. 166.
5 CWMG, vol. 29, p. 291.
6 M.K. Gandhi, Ashram Observances in Action, translated from the Gujarati by Valji Govindji Desai (Ahmedabad, Navajivan, 1955), p. 13.
7 Ibid., pp.
15–16.
8 Ibid., p. 4.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid., pp. v–vi.
11 Vrata is a rite, a resolute observance that necessarily involves the acceptance of a higher power, and has within it an element of devotion.
12 M.K. Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj: A Critical Edition, annotated, translated and edited by Suresh Sharma and Tridip Suhrud (New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2010), pp. 59–60.
13 Ibid., p. 56.
14 M.K. Gandhi, From Yeravda Mandir, translated from the original Gujarati by Valji Govindji Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1935, second edition), p. 5.
15 Ibid., p. 8.
16 Gita, Verse 55, Discourse II, The Gospel of Selfless Action or the Gita According to Gandhi, translated from the original Gujarati by Mahadev Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1946).
17 Ashram Observances in Action, p. 58.
18 See, Autobiography, Chapter XXVI, Part IV.
19 CWMG, vol. 29, p. 318.
20 CWMG, vol. 29, p. 382.
21 Ibid.
22 CWMG, vol. 29, pp. 390–91.
23 M.K. Gandhi, Gita Padarthkosha, edited by Kakasaheb Kalelkar (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1936).
24 CWMG, vol. 56, p. 156.
25 CWMG, vol. 84, p. 71.
26 CWMG, vol. 56, p. 152.
27 The recitations of various Discourses of the Gita were distributed among the days as follows: Friday 1 & 2, Saturday 3, 4 & 5, Sunday 6, 7 and 8; Monday 9, 10, 11 & 12; Tuesday 13, 14 & 15; Wednesday 16 &17; Thursday 18.
28 CWMG, vol. 40, p.110.
29 Gita According to Gandhi, p. 123.
30 Verse 10, Discourse III.
31 Verse 14, Discourse III.
32 CWMG, vol. 20, p. 404.
33 Young India, vol. VIII, no. 35, p. 308.
34 CWMG, vol. 31, p. 351.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Autobiography, Introduction.