67. Testimony from Lieutenant David Russell, commanding 7 Platoon, C Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.160
68. Quoted from ibid., p.161
69. See David Truesdale, Brotherhood of the Cauldron, p.101
70. See Frost, pp.214-216
71. Testimony from Lieutenant Robin Vlasto, commanding 1 Platoon, A Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.152
72. Testimony from Lance-Sergeant Bill Fulton, Section Commander, 3 Platoon, A Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., p.157
73. See Kershaw, p.101
74. Testimony from Signalman Bill Jukes, 1st Airborne Division Signals attached to 2nd Parachute Battalion; quoted from Middlebrook, p.158
75. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 22:00. 17/09/1944
76. See Frost, p.217; and Middlebrook, pp.157-158
77. Testimony from Leutnant Joseph Enthammer; cited in Kershaw, p.98
78. Testimony from Rottenführer Rudolf Trapp, 3 Kompanie, Panzergrenadier Regiment 21, 10 SS Panzer Division; cited in ibid., p.98
79. See II SS Panzerkorps Order, issued by telephone at 17:30 Hours on 17.9.44; see ibid., Appendix A, p.322; some sources give Brinkmann’s rank as Sturmbannführer but Kershaw refers to him as an SS Captain (Hauptsturmführer); see ibid., p.97
80. See ibid., pp.96-97
81. Sergeant Thomas Edward Graham is listed as missing believed killed and has no known grave; he is commemorated on Panel 8, the Groesbeek Memorial, Gelderland, Holland
82. Lieutenant Peter Leslie Hibburt is listed as missing believed killed and has no known grave; he is commemorated on Panel 8, the Groesbeek Memorial, Gelderland, Holland
83. See WO 171/1238, 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, ‘Account of C Company Move to Arnhem Bridge by Sergeant Mason’, Appendix D ‘Diary of Events – 3rd Parachute Battalion’, entry for 17/09/1944; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major R. Peter C. Lewis’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/pongo_lewis.htm, accessed 02/9/2011; and Middlebrook, p.159
84. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 23:30, 17/09/1944; and Golden, Echoes from Arnhem, p.154
85. See for example Middlebrook, pp.161-162
86. Testimony from Leo Hall dated 2001 at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Bombardier J. Leo Hall’, http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/Leo_Hall.htm, accessed 02/09/2011
87. See Fairley, Remember Arnhem, pp.73-74; and WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 23:30, 17/09/1944 & 05:00, 18/09/1944
88. Testimony from Leo Hall dated 2001 at The Pegasus Archive, Biographies Section, ‘Bombardier J. Leo Hall’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/Leo_Hall.htm; accessed 26/08/2011
89. See Fairley, pp.73-74
90. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 05:30, 18/09/1944
91. See WO 166/14933, 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 05:00, 18/09/1944
92. Quotes from WO 171/1375, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept. 44’ ; and WO 171/1513, 9th (Airborne) Field Company RE, comment at end of section for 17/09/1944
93. Testimony from Edward John Peters at http://thebritishairborneforcesclub.co.uk/pages/faces/peters.html, accessed 27/08/2011; see also Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.13
94. See Green, p.14
95. See testimony from Joseph Hardy, The Pegasus Archive, Biographies Section, ‘Lieutenant Joseph Stephenson Davidson Hardy’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/joe_hardy.htm; accessed 21/09/2011; see also Green, pp.14-15
96. See Kershaw, Appendix B, table ‘Div Von Tettau 17-18 Sep 44’, p.328
97. See Otway, Airborne Forces, p.266
98. See Kershaw, pp.108-111; and Map 2, ‘The Formation of Kampfgruppe von Tettau’, between pp.192-193
99. See WO 171/1323, 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, initial untimed entry for 18/09/1944
100. See ibid., entry for 19:00 to 04:30, 18/09/1944;
101. See Kershaw, pp.108-111
102. See ibid., p.111 and Appendix B ‘The German Order of Battle during Operation Market Garden 17-26 Sept’, chart entitled ‘Div Von Tettau 17-18 Sep 44’, pp.328-329
103. For Panzer Kompanie 224’s start location see Zwarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, p.65; for Bataillon Eberwein’s estimated time of arrival see Kershaw, p.113
104. See Kershaw, p.113
105. For US map issue see Captain Carl W. Kappel, The Operations of Company “H”, 504th Parachute Infantry, p.12
106. Kershaw, p.112
107. Quoted from ibid., p.120
108. Testimony from General Feldt; cited in ibid., p.121
109. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.160
110. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.160-161
111. See Captain Jack Tallerday, The Operations of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.16
112. Quoted from letter from Gavin, nd; cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.163
113. See Major Benjamin. F. Delamater, The Actions of the 1st Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry, pp.9-10; and ibid., Major J. E. Adams, ‘Insertion to Monograph, Extracts of Letter from Major J. E. Adams, Jr.’, p.2; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.163
114. See Delamater, p.10
115. See Adams, p.3
116. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, ‘3 Bty Parachute Party, 17th September 1944’, entry for 17:00, 17/09/1944; the timing appears to be in error given that it was a further three hours before the lead elements of Frost’s force actually reached the Arnhem road bridge
117. Kershaw, p.139; and Reynolds, p.133
118. Adams, p.3; see also Kershaw, p.101, especially footnote 16
119. See Delamater, pp.10-11; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.165
120. See Adams, p.3
121. See Kershaw, p.39; and Reynolds, p.133
122. See Adams, pp.3-4
123. Timings cited in Delamater, p.11; the latter cites a start time of 20:00 but that is unlikely to have been the case as Lieutenant-Colonel Warren did not give Captain Adams and Company A permission to move off from the rendezvous point on the outskirts of Nijmegen until that time, and it then took approximately two hours to reach the scene of the action
124. See Kershaw, pp.75-78; and Appendix A, p.322
125. Quoted from inserted comment by Delamater in Adams, p.2
126. Quoted from Rapport & Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, p.279
127. See for example ibid., p.279
128. Rendered Rafferty in some accounts
129. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.277-279
130. Quoted from Ryan, p.234
131. See ibid., p.234
132. See Kershaw, p.115
133. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.298-299
134. See ibid., pp.287-288
135. See Headquarters Airborne Medical Company AOP 472 (US Army Medical Department, Office of Medical History), p.2 at http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/326thAirborneMedCo101stABDiv/326thABMedCo18Oct44.html, accessed 07/11/2011
136. See Kershaw, p.117
137. See Ambrose, Band of Brothers, p.126; and Rapport & Northwood, pp.274-275, 301
138. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.284-5, 287
139. See ibid., pp.284-7
140. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section 3 ‘Gds Armd Div and forward units of 50 (N) Div ‒ Narrative 17 Sep.’
141. Quoted from Wilson, The Ever Open Eye, p.108
142. See WO 171/1256 2nd (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 20:30, 17/09/1944
143. See ibid., entry for 17:45, 17/09/1944; and Wilson, p.107
144. See Wilson, pp.106-109
145. Casualty figures cited in CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN
, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section 3 ‘Gds Armd Div and forward units of 50 (N) Div ‒ Narrative 17 Sep.’; and WO 171/1257 3rd Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 17/09/1944
146. Quoted from CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section 3 ‘Gds Armd Div and forward units of 50 (N) Div ‒ Narrative 17 Sep.’
147. See WO 171/1256 2nd (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 22:00, 17/09/1944
148. See WO 171/376 HQ Guards Armoured Division War Diary Jan-Sept 1944, Appendix JA ‘Guards Armoured Division Operations Order No. 12 Operation Garden’, Para. 14 ‘Divisional Tasks’, dated 15/09/1944
149. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section 3 ‘Gds Armd Div and forward units of 50 (N) Div ‒ Narrative 17 Sep.’, Part ii. ‘Supporting Units of 50 (N) Div.’
150. See Kershaw, p.87
151. See Wilson, p.112
152. See Horrocks, Corps Commander, p.99; cited in Powell, p.87
153. See WO 171/1256 2nd (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 12/09/1944; and Verney, The Guards Armoured Division, p.96
154. The same point is raised by Reynolds; see Reynolds, Sons of the Reich, p.125
155. Quoted from WO 171/1341 HQ XXX Corps War Diary Sept 1944, Appendix ‘O’, 30 Corps Operational Instructions, ‘30 Corps Movement Instructions for Operation Garden (239/G1 15 Sept. 1944)’
156. See WO 171/846, 15th/19th King’s Royal Hussars War Diary
157. See WO 171/605 5th Guards Armoured Brigade War Diary, Appendix D, dated 15/09/ 1944
158. See Wilson, pp.109-111
159. Quote from O’Connor’s report on Operation COMPASS, cited in Pitt, p.162
160. See for example Ken Tout, Tanks, Advance: Normandy to the Netherlands (London: Robert Hale, 1987); and John Foley, Mailed Fist
161. See for example William. F. Buckingham, D-Day: The First 72 Hours, pp.263-264
162. For a detailed participant account of Operation TOTALIZE see Ken Tout, Tank!; for the advance from the Vernon bridgehead see for example Ellis, Victory in the West Volume I: The Battle of Normandy, p.470; and Delaforce, The Black Bull, pp.118-120
163. Quote from Horrocks, Corps Commander, p.99
Chapter 8
1. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, p.85. It is unclear what unit the attackers came from, given that Budel lay in the line of attack allocated to Lieutenant-General Sir Richard O’Connor’s 8th Corps, and that formation did not move across the Meuse-Escaut Canal until the early hours of Tuesday 19 September 1944, twenty-four hours after the German account claims; see Powell, The Devil’s Birthday, p.138. The discrepancy may be due to a dating error, or it may have been Richter and his men looking to justify their withdrawal in the same manner as Harzer at Cambrai on 2 September 1944
2. See Kershaw, p.88
3. See ibid., p.89; and Reynolds, Sons of the Reich, p.124
4. See Kershaw, pp.87-88
5. See ibid., p.89; and Reynolds, pp.134-136
6. See WO 171/341 HQ GS File, 30 Corps, September 1944, entry for 18/09/1944
7. Wilson, The Ever Open Eye, pp.112-114
8. See Verney, The Guards Armoured Division, p.103
9. See WO 171/1257 3rd Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Wilson, p.112
10. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section 6, ‘50 (N) Div - Narrative 18 Sep’; and WO 171/1257 3rd Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 17/09/1944
11. See AIR 37/1249 21st Army Group: Operation ‘Market Garden’, Part II, Section 8, Narrative 30 Corps and 1 Airborne Corps Execution of Operation ‘MARKET GARDEN’ period 17/26 September 1944, ‘30 Corps Operations 18 September 1944’, Para 13, p.41
12. See WO 171/1256 2 (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 07:00, 18/09/1944
13. See WO 171/376 Guards Armoured Division War Diary, Appendix KKK, Narrative 1 – 30 September 1944, entry for 9/09/1944; Verney, pp.93-94; and Boscawen, Armoured Guardsman, p.119
14. See WO 171/1256 2 (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944; and Kershaw, p.89
15. See Wilson, pp.114-115
16. See WO 171/1256 2 (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entries for 10:00 & 12:00, 18/09/1944
17. See Rapport & Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, pp.301, 306; and CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Para. 4 ‘Gds Armd Div - Narrative 18 Sep’
18. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Para. 4 ‘Gds Armd Div ‒ Narrative 18 Sep’; and Verney, p.103
19. See WO 171/341 HQ GS File, 30 Corps, Sept. 1944, entry for 18/09/1944
20. See WO 171/1257 3rd Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944
21. See WO 171/1256 2nd (Armoured) Battalion Irish Guards War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and WO 171/376 Guards Armoured Division War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944
22. See Kershaw, p.89; and Rapport & Northwood, pp.301-302
23. For a detailed account see Rapport & Northwood, pp.302-305
24. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.149; and Rapport & Northwood, p.305
25. See Ambrose, Band of Brothers, p.127
26. See Kershaw, p.89
27. Quoted from MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.150
28. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.293-294; and Devlin, Paratrooper!, p.497
29. See Kershaw, pp.115-117
30. Unattributed participant quotes cited in Rapport & Northwood, pp.290, 291
31. Casualty figures cited in ibid., p.291
32. See ibid., pp.291-292
33. See Heeresgruppe B Situation Reports issued at 10:00, 15:30 & 20:00 17/09/1944; cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.150; and Kershaw, pp.115-116
34. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.292-293
35. See ibid., pp.298-299
36. See 101st Airborne Division After Action Report – Summary of Operations 17-18 September 1944
37. See Field Order No. 11, 82nd Airborne Division, Annex No. 1. Intelligence, dated 13/09/1944
38. See Burriss, Strike and Hold, pp.107-108
39. See A Graphic History of the 82nd Airborne Division, entry for ‘D Plus 1, 18 September’
40. See Guy LoFaro, The Sword of St. Michael, p.468
41. Early morning entries in 82nd Airborne Division G-2 Journal; cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, footnote 59, p.166
42. Quoted from Gavin, On to Berlin, p.165
43. Quote from Gavin letter, nd; cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, footnote 56, p.165
44. According to MacDonald’s Official History, Company G was commanded by Captain Frank J. Novak, but Gavin and a more recent account refer to Captain Russell C. Wilde; see MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.165; Gavin, On to Berlin, p.163; and LoFaro, p.337
45. See Gavin, On to Berlin, p.163; and LoFaro, pp.336-337
46. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.165 & footnote 57, p.165
47. Departure time cited in LoFaro, p.337; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.65
48. See Phil Nordyke, All American All the Way, p.63
49. See Kershaw, pp.138-139
50. See Reynolds, pp.128-129; and Kershaw, p.139
51. See Kershaw, p.139; and Reynolds, p.133
52. See Nordyke, p.63
53. See LoFaro, p.337
54. See Kershaw, p.139
55. See Reynolds, p.133; and Kershaw, pp.139-140
56. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.165
57. See Kershaw, pp.120-122
58. See Gavin, On to Berlin, p.167
59. See LoFaro, p.339
60. See Captain Robert L. Sickler, The Operations of Company “D”, 2nd Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.12
61. See Gavin, On to Berlin, p.167; and LoFaro, p.339
>
62. Quoted from Captain Kenneth L. Johnson, Supply Operations of the 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.26
63. See Sickler, pp.12-13, 22. The SCR 356 was a hand-held set weighing 5.5 pounds with a range of up to a mile and a battery life of c.fifteen hours; the SCR 300 was a forty-channel backpack set weighing 38.23 pounds with a range of up to three miles and a battery life of 8-12 hours
64. See Sickler, pp.14-18
65. See Johnson, p.28
66. Quoted from Woodrow W. Millsaps, letter to Heather Chapman dated 27/07/1967, Cornelius Ryan Collection, Alden Library, Ohio University; cited in Nordyke, p.70
67. See Nordyke, p.58; the latter claims the action took place in the evening of 17 September, but this does not accord with participant testimony and other accounts. See for example Tallerday, The Operations of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.17; and LoFaro, p.340
68. The Möbelwagen (furniture van) was a Panzer IV chassis mounting a 37mm Flak 43 automatic cannon capable of firing 150 rounds per minute. The nickname came from the four large, rectangular armoured plates that enclosed the gun, which could be dropped to allow all-round traverse; doing this exposed the gun crew to enemy fire however, and it was common to leave the side and rear plates raised when engaging ground targets. In this instance the gun was unable to depress sufficiently to engage some US positions on the hillside.
69. See Nordyke, pp.50, 64-65
70. See Kershaw, pp.122-123; the ‘Craoneer Heights’ may have referred to Craonne on the Chemin des Dames ridge overlooking the River Aisne north of Reims, which was captured by the Germans in 1914 and was the scene of fierce fighting during the Nivelle Offensive of April 1917.
71. See LoFaro, pp.340-341
72. The Weertjesstraat appears as the Oranjewachtstraat on modern maps, presumably renamed in post-war redevelopment
73. See Sims, Arnhem Spearhead, pp.49-53
74. Figures and units cited in Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, pp.287-288
75. Locations taken from Middlebrook, Map 11 ‘Arnhem Bridge’, p.289; see also Sims, front endpaper; Zwaarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, maps on p.11; John Waddy, A Tour of the Arnhem Battlefields, 3D diagram and key on the rear of the enclosed ‘Arnhem Battlefield Map’; and Kershaw, map/diagrams ‘German Attempts to Recapture the Arnhem Bridge 17-20 September 1944’, p.133
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