76. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 23:00. 23:15 & 23:45 17/09/1944
77. Account by Sapper George Needham, A Troop 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Middlebrook, pp.289-290
78. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lance-Corporal Arthur S. Hendy’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/arthur_hendy.htm accessed 27/09/2012.
79. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 00:10 & 02:00-03:00, 18/09/1944
80. Fifteen figure cited with names in Niall Cherry, With Nothing Bigger than a Bren Gun, p.22
81. See for example Middlebrook, p.290; for the lack of mutual mention see WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 18-20/09/1944; and WO 171/1238, 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, ‘Report on the Action by “C” Company, 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment at Arnhem by Major R.P.C Lewis, “C” Company Commander’
82. See Kershaw, pp.125-126
83. See Sims, p.55
84. For 3 Battery relocation see WO 166/14933, 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 05:00, 18/09/1944; for target registration see for example Middlebrook, pp.290-291
85. See Zwarts, plate p.23
86. See Sims, pp.55-56; Frost, A Drop Too Many, p.219; and Middlebrook, p.291; vehicle locations from Zwarts, diagram ‘Arnhem Bridge on 18-20 September 1944’, p.11
87. See Reynolds, p.137; and Kershaw, p.134
88. See Zwarts, organisation chart, p.4 & p.23
89. Testimony from Lieutenant Arvian Llewellyn-Jones, Battery Captain ‘A’, 1st Airlanding Anti-tank Battery RA; cited in Middlebrook, p.291; see also Sims, pp.56-57. Interestingly only the dustbin lorry and two shot up trucks from SS Panzer Aufklärungs Abteilung 10 are visible on an oblique photograph taken by an RAF Spitfire reconnaissance aircraft later on 18 September; see for example Middlebrook, plate 10 between pp.118-119
90. for sunrise and sunset timings see Field Order No. 11, 82nd Airborne Division, Annex 1.a(1) to F.O. 11, Weather; Sun and Moon Tables, Para .2 “Sun and Moon Data”, dated 11/09/1944
91. Quoted from Middlebrook, p.291
92. See Zwarts, p.11
93. Quote cited in Kershaw, p.128
94. Vehicle types and numbers taken from Zwarts, diagram ‘Arnhem Bridge on 18-20 September 1944’ and adjacent key, p.11
95. See Kershaw, p.129
96. Testimony from Major Dennis Munford, OC 3 Battery, 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA; cited in Middlebrook, p.92. Interestingly there is no reference to this fire mission in other participant accounts or in the Light Regiment’s War Diary, which does not refer to 3 Battery’s guns being in action at Oosterbeek before 10:00; see for example Frost, p.219; testimony from Leo Hall dated 2001 at ‘Bombardier J. Leo Hall’, The Pegasus Archive website, http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/Leo_Hall.htm, accessed 02/09/2011; and WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944
97. For 08:00 time see WO 171/592 1 Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 08:00, 18/09/1944; for 08:30 timing see WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 08:30, 18/09/1944; for 09:00 see Kershaw, p.129; for 09:30 see Reynolds, p.128
98. See Frost, p.219
99. See Middlebrook, p.293
100. Vehicle types & locations taken from Zwarts, p.11
101. See WO 171/592 1 Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 08:00, 18/09/1944
102. See testimony from Signalman William Jukes, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.294
103. See Cherry, pp.14-15; for Sapper Emery’s Military Medal citation see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Sapper Ronald Thomas Emery’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/ronald_thomas_emery.htm accessed 27/09/2012.
104. For the adoption of the war cry see for example Frost, pp.110-111
105. See Sims, pp.58-59
106. See Middlebrook, p.298; and Cherry, p.16
107. See for example Middlebrook, pp.294-295; and Kershaw, pp.130-131; for vehicle numbers, types and locations see Zwarts, p.1
108. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 10:00 & 11:00, 18/09/1944
109. See Middlebrook, p.296; again, there is no mention of these fire missions in the 1st Airlanding Regiment’s War Diary
110. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 13:00, 18/09/1944; for possibility of friendly fire see Cherry, p.15
111. See Middlebrook, pp.184-185; and Truesdale, Brotherhood of the Cauldron, pp.115-116
112. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 08:30 [sic] 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.170-171
113. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 05:30 & 07:00, 17/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.177-178;
114. Testimony from Lieutenant James Cleminson, commanding 5 Platoon, B Company, 3rd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.171
115. See Kershaw, p.165
116. Kampfgruppe Spindler unit strength figures cited in Reynolds, pp.118-119
117. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 08:30 & 10:00-16:00, 18/09/1944. Sturmgeschütze III and Sturmhaubitze 42G vehicles from Sturmgeschütze Brigade 280 operated in this area but did not arrive until the morning of Tuesday 19 September; see Zwarts, p.26
118. Middlebrook, pp.171-172; for radio contact see WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 10:00-16:00, 18/09/1944
119. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944
120. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 07:00 & 08:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.178
121. Testimony from Lieutenant Jack Hellingoe, commanding 11 Platoon, T Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.178-179
122. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 09:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.178-179
123. Quote from Captain Geoffrey Costeloe, Adjutant, 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron; cited in Fairley, Remember Arnhem, p.68
124. See WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, various time-stamped notes in entry for 18/09/1944; and Fairley, pp.63-81
125. See Middlebrook, p.186. Interestingly there is no mention of this in the Division HQ War Diary, although there are references to the ongoing failure to establish radio communications with Lathbury or Urquhart; see WO 171/393, 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 07:00 & 09:00, 18/09/1944
126. See WO 171/393, 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 09:15, 18/09/1944; and WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 11:00, 17/09/1944
127. For handover timing see WO 171/589, 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 11:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.187; for comparative strengths of British Airlanding and Parachute Battalions see for example ibid., Appendix 1, ‘Order of Battle and Operational Details, 1st British Airborne Division and Attached Units’, pp.455-457
128. The Battalion, Brigade and Division records all cite different departure times; see WO 171/1375, 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 09:30, 18/09/1944; ibid, Appendix A ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept. 1944’ cites 10:30; WO 171/393, 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 09:45, 18/09/1944; and WO 171/589, 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944
129. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entries for 17 & 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.80, 88-89
130. See WO 171/1232 ‘B’ Squadron, The Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Simon Haines, The Holland Patch, p.23
131. Lance-Sergeant Stanley William Charles Sears and Private Joseph Walker are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, in Plot 15, Row A, Grave 9 and Plot 15, Row A, Grave 7 respectively
132. See WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regi
ment, pp.20-21
133. Rendered MacCartney in some accounts
134. See WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Green, pp.17-19
135. See WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Green, pp.21-22
136. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 06:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.221
137. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Kent, First In, pp.99-100
138. See Kent, p.100; and Middlebrook, pp.223, 233-234
139. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 07:00 and 09:000, 18/09/1944
140. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.221-222. The former refers to ‘at least six’ vehicles being knocked out, but the latter cites testimony from the gun commander recalling only a single vehicle being knocked out with a single shot
141. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 10:00; and Middlebrook, p.222
142. See Middlebrook, p.222
143. See ibid., p.222; Private Alexander McKay is interred in Ede General Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Row H, Joint Grave 19
144. Planken Wambuis was originally the location for cutting timber to make coffins, the term meaning ‘wooden jacket’ in Old Dutch; in English, when referring to a coffin, rendered as ‘wooden overcoat’; see Middlebrook, Footnote 9, p.163
145. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944
146. Quote from 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944
147. See Kershaw, pp.154-156
148. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944
Chapter 9
1. Aircraft figures and Hamilcar load details from Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, pp.224, 245
2. See Albert Blockwell, Diary of a Red Devil, p.91
3. Middlebrook, p.224
4. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 17:30, 17/09/1944
5. Testimony from Major Æneas Perkins, Officer Commanding 4th Parachute Engineer Squadron; cited in Harry Faulkner-Brown, A Sapper at Arnhem, pp.33-36
6. See Alexander Morrison, Silent Invader, pp.52-53
7. See Blockwell, pp.90-91
8. See ibid., p.93
9. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 09:00, 18/09/1944; and WO 171/1232 B Squadron Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 09:00, 18/09/1944
10. See Morrison, p.55
11. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 18/09/1944
12. See WO 171/1231 A, D, G Squadron Glider Pilot War Diary, D Squadron entry for 11:26 & G Squadron entry for 11:30, 18/09/1944
13. It is unclear when the RAF Squadrons relocated but B Squadron moved to Manston on 5 & 6 September; see WO 171/1232 B Squadron Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entries for 15:00, 5/091944, 10:30, 6/09/1944 and 12:15, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, Appendix 3 ‘Order of Battle, 38 and 46 Groups RAF and RASC Air Despatch Units’, p.463
14. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 11:00, 18/09/1944; and WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 11:45 & 12:10, 18/09/1944
15. Figures cited in Middlebrook, p.225
16. See WO 219/5137 Report on Operation Market: 1 Airborne Division; cited in Flint, Airborne Armour, p.137
17. See WO 171/1232 B Squadron Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 12:15, 18/09/1944
18. For reattachment see Middlebrook, p.225; and Maurice & John Davis, The Allied Special Forces History: 299 Squadron – Special Operation Service – Arnhem De-briefs, entry for 18/9/1944 at http://www.memorialgrove.org.uk/299squadronarnhemdebriefs.htm, accessed 11/04/2012; for Glider Pilot names and carry over to third lift see WO 171/1231 A, D, G Squadron Glider Pilot War Diary, D Squadron entry for 11:26, 18/09/1944
19. Seven glider figure cited in WO 171/1230 Headquarters, Commander Glider Pilots War Diary, Appendix ‘Operation “Market” Air’, entry for Second Lift
20. See Middlebrook, p.225
21. See AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, separate entries for 18/09/1944
22. See Otway, Airborne Forces, p.269; and Middlebrook, pp.227-228
23. See WO 171/1231 A, D, G Squadron Glider Pilot War Diary, D Squadron entry for 18/09/1944; Lieutenant Norman Vere Maxwell Adams is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 8
24. See WO 219/5137 Report on Operation Market: 1 Airborne Division; cited in Flint, p.137; and Middlebrook, p.226. Lieutenant Robert Leonard McLaren is commemorated at the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 1
25. See Morrison, p.57
26. See WO 171/1234 No.1 Wing Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944
27. See Brinson, Airborne Troop Carrier, p.141
28. See testimony from 2nd Lieutenant Glenn A. Ulrich, 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in Brinson, p.160
29. See Middlebrook, p.228
30. See ibid., p.229.
31. Testimony from 1st Lieutenant Walter D. Nims, 50th Troop Carrier Squadron, 314th Troop Carrier Group; cited at Fields of Honour Database, http://www.adoptiegraven-database.nl accessed 13/04/2012
32. Middlebrook, pp.228-229. Captain Ottaway is interred in the American War Cemetery Ardennes, Plot A, Row 42, Grave 53; for crew details see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive: Roll of Honour – 314th Troop Carrier Group at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/rollU314.htm accessed 13/04/2012. The remains of the eighteen paratroopers, which could not be individually identified, are interred and commemorated at the Jonkerbos War Cemetery, Gelderland, The Netherlands on Special Memorial 8, various panels
33. See Middlebrook, p.229. Crew details cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive: Roll of Honour – 314th Troop Carrier Group at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/rollU314.htm accessed 13/04/2012; all three US casualties appear to have been repatriated to the US; Private John Arthur Barton is interred in Rhenen General Cemetery, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Plot 27, Row A, Grave 2
34. Testimony from Captain Frank King, OC Support Company, 11th Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.229-230
35. See Stuart Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, pp.27-28
36. For details see George C. Merz, Lt Col. USAF (Ret) & Lewis E. Johnston, 1st Lt AUS (Ret), Eyewitness to History: The Great Underground Escape from German Occupied Holland, interview recorded at Dayton, Ohio, 12-14 October 2001; see Air Mobility Command Museum website http://amcmuseum.org/history/wwii/underground_escape.php, accessed 15/04/2012; see also Middlebrook, pp.229-230
37. See Major R. Brammall, The Tenth: A Record of Service of the 10th Battalion, The Parachute Regiment 1942-1945, pp.51-52
38. See Brinson, p.140
39. Testimony from 1st Lieutenant Edward S. Fulmer, 43rd Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited at Fields of Honour Database, http://www.adoptiegraven-database.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7687:spurrier-james-h&catid=63:american-war-cemetery-margraten-s&Itemid=147, accessed 17/04/2012
40. Testimony from 2nd Lieutenant Clinton C. Denny, 43rd Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited at Fields of Honour Database, http://www.adoptiegraven-database.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7688:hollis-william-t&catid=52:american-war-cemetery-margraten-h&Itemid=136, accessed 18/04/2012
41. See Brinson, p.141 and Appendix Five ‘The Royalty of the 315th Troop Carrier Group’, pp.288-297. Lieutenant James H. Spurrier and Corporal William T. Hollis are interred in the American War Cemetery Margraten, Plot K, Row 14, Grave 17 and Plot I, Row 7, Grave 9 respectively; Private Alfred William Penwill is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 9, Row B,
Grave 4
42. Testimony from 1st Lieutenant William E. Bruce, 34th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Wing; cited in Brinson, p.162
43. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, 156-160
44. See Middlebrook, p.234
45. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 10:00 to 14:00, 18/09/1944; WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 10:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.234
46. Quotes from WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 10:00 to 14:00 & 15:00, 18/09/1944
47. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 14:00, 18/09/1944; WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 14:20, 18/09/1944; WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J.W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
48. Drop figure and details cited in Middlebrook, p.234
49. Testimony from 1st Lieutenant Charles Vogelin, 43rd Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group; cited in Brinson, p.158
50. Testimony from Corporal David Jones, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.240
51. Testimony from Captain Bernard Coggins, 43rd Troop Transport Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Wing; cited in Brinson, p.161
52. Testimony from Private Jock Keenan, 156 Parachute Battalion and Signalman Arthur Winstanley, 4th Parachute Brigade Signals section; cited in Middlebrook, pp.235-236
53. See Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, pp.158, 316-317
54. Testimony from Corporal Frederick Jenkins, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.237
55. Quote from Ryan, p.317
56. See Brammall, The Tenth, p.53
57. Testimony from Private David Dagwell, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.238-239
58. Testimony from Corporal David Jones, 156 Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., pp.240-241
59. See Middlebrook, p.242; and WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 14:20, 18/09/1944. Captain Thomas’ name is sometimes rendered Beaumont-Thomas
60. Figures cited in Middlebrook, pp.234, 242
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