61. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.234. Major Henry Ralph Hill is interred in the Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 23, Row A, Grave 1
62. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J.W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’; and WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 14:30, 18/09/1944
63. Quote from WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J.W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’; for details of pre-MARKET briefings see General Sir John Hackett, ‘Operation Market Garden’ in Foot (Ed.), Holland at War Against Hitler, p.166; and Middlebrook, p.63
64. See WO 171/1231 A, D, G Squadron Glider Pilot War Diary, D Squadron entry for 11:26, 18/09/1944
65. See Middlebrook, pp.232-234
66. Testimony from Gunner Robert Christie, 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA; cited in ibid., p.232
67. See The Pegasus Archive, Biographies Section, ‘Squadron-Leader Trevor Southgate’, at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/trevor_southgate.htm accessed on 25/04/2012; and Alan W. Cooper, The Air Battle for Arnhem, Appendix ‘RAF Losses at the Battle of Arnhem, September 1944’, p.184. Curiously there is no mention of the loss in the 512 Squadron records, which reports Squadron Leader Southgate’s Dakota landing at RAF Broadwell at 15:00; see AIR 27/1972 No. 512 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 18/09/1944
68. See AIR 27/2041 No. 570 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.233; for crew details see Cooper, The Air Battle for Arnhem, Appendix ‘RAF Losses at the Battle of Arnhem, September 1944’, pp.170-171; and The Pegasus Archive, Roll of Honour Section, http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/rollR570.htm, accessed 25/04/2012. Pilot-Officer Charles William Culling RAFVR and his crew are interred in Heteren General Cemetery, Plot 2, Row A, Collective Grave 20-21
69. See Otway, p.269
70. See WO 171/1231 A, D, G Squadron Glider Pilot War Diary, D Squadron entry for 11:26, 18/09/1944; and AIR 27/473 No. 48 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 18/09/1944
71. See for example WO 171/1231 A, D, G Squadron Glider Pilot War Diary, D Squadron entry for 11:26 with regard to Chalk No. 956, 18/09/1944
72. Quoted from Morrison, pp.56-57
73. Quoted from ibid., pp.57-58
74. See Middlebrook, p.242
75. Quoted from Morrison, pp.59-60
76. Testimony from Sergeant Patrick ‘Paddy’ Senier, E Squadron, No. 2 Wing, The Glider Pilot Regiment; cited in Middlebrook, pp.243-244; the Andy referred to was Staff-Sergeant Harold Andrews DFM & Bar, with whom Sergeant Senier flew into Normandy and Arnhem; for details see The Pegasus Archive, Biographies Section ‘Staff-Sergeant Harold Norman’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/normandy/harold_norman_andrews.htm, accessed 02/05/2012
77. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, section for 18/09/1944
78. For glider types and numbers see Otway, p.267; for Hamilcar details see WO 219/5137 Report on Operation Market: 1 Airborne Division; cited in Flint, Airborne Armour, pp.137-138
79. See Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.24
80. See ibid., p.22; quote from Middlebrook, p.244
81. See Middlebrook, p.245
82. See ibid., p.245
83. Figures cited in ibid., p.246
84. See WO 171/1248, 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Kent, First In!, pp.99-100
85. For details see The Pegasus Archive, Biographies Section, ‘Flying Officer D. H. Balmer’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/d_h_balmer.htm, accessed 12/05/2012; Corporal Alfred Ernest Barker is interred at Roosendaal-En-Nispen General Cemetery, Noord-Brabant, Holland in Row 3, Grave 1
86. See Otway, p.269; and Middlebrook, p.246
87. For casualty and aircraft loss figures see The Pegasus Archive, Roll of Honour Section, entries for 38 Group, 46 Group, 314th Troop Carrier Group and 315th Troop Carrier Group at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/roll.htm, accessed 12/05/2012; and Middlebrook, p.246. The latter claims No. 570 Squadron lost three Stirlings on Monday 18 September 1944, although a fourth was lost in a take-off accident; see Cooper, Appendix ‘RAF Losses at the Battle of Arnhem: September 1944’ pp.170-171
88. Figures and units cited in Gavin, On to Berlin, p.168; Blair, Ridgeway’s Paratroopers, p.336; LoFaro, The Sword of St. Michael, p.339,; and Nordyke, All American All The Way, p.67
89. See Lo Faro, p.342. According to Blair eleven gliders aborted or ditched; see Blair, p.336
90. Testimony from PFC John McKenzie, 456th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion and Corporal Lloyd Click, Battery B, 320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion; cited in Nordyke, p.68
91. Quoted from Captain Kenneth L. Johnson, Supply Operations of the 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.28
92. Timing cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.167
93. See Major Benjamin F. Delamater, The Action of the 1st Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry, pp.12-13
94. See Captain Robert L. Sickler, The Operations of Company D, 2nd Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment, pp.17-20
95. See Devlin, Paratrooper!, p.501
96. Figures and details from Delamater, pp.13-14; and Sickler, pp.20-21
97. See Captain Jack Tallerday, The Operations of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.17
98. Testimony from Colonel William E. Ekman, commander 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment; cited in LoFaro, p.341
99. Quoted from Lieutenant Jack Tallerday, Executive Officer, Company C, 1st Battalion 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment; cited in Nordyke, p.76
100. See ibid., pp.76-77; and LoFaro, pp.341-342
101. Testimony from Private Arthur B. Schultz, Company C, 1st Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment; cited in ibid., p.77
102. See ibid., pp.77-78
103. See Gavin, p.168; LoFaro, p.342; and Nordyke, p.76
104. See LoFaro, p.342
105. Figures cited in ibid., pp.342-343
106. Testimony from Captain Herman L. Alley, Commanding Battery A, 456th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion, 82nd Airborne Division; quotation cited in Nordyke, p.76; other details cited from Herman L. Alley, Personal Log at The 505th Regimental Combat Team Website, http://www.505rct.org/album2/alley_h.asp, accessed 23/05/2012
107. See Nordyke, p.75; and LoFaro, pp.342-343
108. Figures cited in Gavin, p.168
109. Figures cited in LoFaro, p.343
110. Quoted from see Captain Carl W. Kappel, The Operations of Company “H”, 504th Parachute Infantry, p.22
111. See LoFaro, p.344; and Nordyke, p.78. For sixty per cent recovery figure see for example Johnson, Supply Operations, p.31; and Tallerday, The Operations of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, p.18
112. US glider infantry regiments were originally formed with only two infantry battalions, but this was increased to three by splitting the 401st Glider Infantry Regiment and assigning its two battalions to the 82nd and 101st Airborne Division’s glider infantry regiments before the Normandy invasion. Although it retained its independent status, Lieutenant-Colonel Allen’s Battalion therefore functioned as the 327th Regiment’s third Battalion; see MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.152, footnote 21
113. Units cited in Rapport and Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, p.299; pre landing figures cited in Devlin, Silent Wings, p.253
114. Timings and pilot details cited in Devlin, Silent Wings, p.254
115. See ibid., pp.254-256
116. Numbers and timing cited in Rapport & Northwood, p.299
117. Quoted from Bowen, Fighting with the Screaming Eagles, p.86
118. See Devlin, Silent Wings, pp.253-254
119. Figures cited in MacDonald, p.152; Rapport & Northwood, p.299; and Devlin, Silent Wings, p.256
120. See Rapport & Northwood, p.299
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1. Testimony from Captain Bernard Coggins, 43rd Troop Transport Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Wing; cited in Brinson, Airborne Troop Carrier, p.161
2. Quoted from Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, p.29
3. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, p.162
4. Testimony from Captain Brian Carr, HQ Company, 10th Parachute Battalion; cited in Brammall, The Tenth, p.52
5. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J.W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
6. Quoted from Brammall, p.54; see also the Airborne Assault Para Data Website, In Memoriam Section, at http://www.paradata.org.uk/media/5599?mediaSection=Biography+picture, accessed 24/04/2012. Lieutenant Patrick Wallace Alexander Mackey is interred in Ede General Cemetery, Row H, Grave 21; Sergeant Frank William Charles Bennett has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 8
7. See Brammall, pp.53-54; Lieutenant Harold Cyril Joseph Roderick is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 5, Row B, Grave 9
8. See WO 171/1244, 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix A: ‘Account of Arnhem Battle, 11 Battalion The Parachute Regiment by Lt. J. E. Blackwood’, entry for 18/09/1944; and WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 14:00 and 14:30, 18/09/1944
9. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944; and WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entry for 14:20, 18/09/1944
10. See Middlebrook, Arnhem, p.241
11. Timings and quote from WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
12. See WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entry for 8/09/1944; and Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, pp.19-20. Sergeant Hendry Burr is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 5, Row D, Grave 7
13. See Kershaw, p.163; the latter erroneously refers to this occurring on 19 rather than 18 September
14. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 15:15, 18/09/1944
15. See for example Otway, p.108
16. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 09:45, 18/09/1944; and WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Month of September 1944
17. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 14:20 & 14:30, 18/09/1944
18. See Middlebrook, p.248
19. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944. Interestingly the Divisional records refer to the 4th Parachute Brigade’s drop taking place around an hour later than it occurred; see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 15:15, 18/09/1944
20. See WO 171/393, 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944
21. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
22. See for example Powell, The Devil’s Birthday, p.110. Powell commanded C Company, 156 Parachute Battalion under Hackett at Arnhem
23. Quoted from WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
24. Quoted from WO 171/393, 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944
25. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
26. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron War Diary, entry for 17:00, 18/09/1944; 1 Troop strength cited in Faulkner-Brown, A Sapper at Arnhem, Appendix II, p.121
27. See Mawson, pp.31-34
28. See Middlebrook, pp.248-249
29. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix “A”, entry for 18/09/1944
30. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A ‘1 Air Landing Brigade: Operation “MARKET”, 17th–26th September 1944’, entry for 15:15, 18/09/1944
31. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 06:00, 19/09/1944
32. Rendered Waite in the 7th KOSB War Diary
33. Lieutenant Albert Edward Kipping is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 16, Row B, Grave 1
34. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 15:00, 17:00 to 10:00 and 19:00, 18/09/1944
35. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 17:00, 18/09/1944; and ibid., Appendix A, entries 09:05 & 15:15, 18/09/1944
36. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entry for 19:00, 18/09/1944; and ibid., Appendix A, entry for 15:15, 18/09/1944
37. See Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.25; Green incorrectly renders Baillie as Bailey
38. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 01:00, 19/09/1944; WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, entries for 19:00, 18/09/1944 & 05:15, 19/09/1944; and WO 171/1235 No.2 Wing The Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entries for 19:00 & 20:00, 18/09/1944
39. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 20:00, 18/09/1944
40. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
41. See ibid., entry for 18/09/1944
42. See ibid., entries for 18 & 19/09/1944; and Brammall, p.54
43. See Brammall, p.54. Banwell identified the vehicle as a Tiger tank but this is unlikely; while the lead element of the first Tiger unit deployed to Arnhem, two Tiger Is from schwere Panzer Kompanie Hummel, arrived in the Arnhem area in the evening of 19 September after a fifty-mile road march from Bocholt, these vehicles were assigned to Kampfgruppe Brinkmann and went into action against the British troops holding the Arnhem road bridge at around 20:00; see Zwarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, p.56
44. Quoted from Brammall, p.54
45. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 17:00, 18/09/1944
46. Quoted from Mawson, p.40
47. Testimony from Major David Gilchrist, OC A Company, 11th Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.188
48. Quoted from WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix A: ‘Account of Arnhem Battle 11th Battalion The Parachute Regiment by Lt. J. E. Blackwood’, entry for 18/09/1944
49. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 22:00, 18/09/1944; WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.188
50. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20:00, 18/09/1944
51. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept by Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4th Parachute Brigade’, entry for 18/09/1944
52. For the identity of the ambushers see Kershaw, p.173; Private George Tansley is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 32, Row B, Grave 2
53. See WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 20:00 and 21:00, 18/09/1944; Middlebrook, p.252; and Powell, p.109
54. See WO 171/594, 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C: ‘Diary Kept By Brigadier J. W. Hackett, Commander 4 Parachute Brigade’, entries for 18 & 19/09/1944; and for example Middlebrook, pp.250-251. Interestingly there is no reference to Hackett’s visit in the Division HQ War Diary
55. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 10:00-16:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.173
56. See WO 1
71/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 10:00-16:00, 18/09/1944
57. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant Leo Jack Heaps’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/leo_heaps.htm accessed 31/08/2012.
58. Testimony from Major Alan Bush, Second-in-Command 3rd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.172. Major Alexander Peter Harry Waddy and Company Sergeant Major Reginald Allen are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, in Plot 27, Row C, Grave 4 and Plot 22, Row B, Grave 11 respectively. CSM Allen’s date of death is cited as 19/09/1944
59. Testimony from Lieutenant Edward Shaw, commander C Troop, 1st Airlanding Anti-tank Battery RA; cited in Middlebrook, p.173
60. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 16:00-dark, 18/09/1944
61. Quote from Urquhart, Arnhem, p.56
62. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 10:00-16:00, 18/09/1944
63. Quotes from personal communication between Sir James Cleminson and John Baynes, dated 18/01/1991; cited in Baynes, Urquhart of Arnhem, pp.109-111
64. Cleminson’s account in Baynes clearly refers to an anti-tank gun, whereas Middlebrook refers to a self-propelled gun; see Baynes, p.110; and Middlebrook, p.174
65. Quote from personal communication between Sir James Cleminson and John Baynes, dated 18/01/1991; cited in Baynes, p.110
66. See Urquhart, p.66
67. Quote from personal communication between Sir James Cleminson and John Baynes, dated 18/01/1991; cited in Baynes, p.111
68. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 09:00 & 14:00, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.181
69. See Middlebrook, pp.179-181
70. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 14:00, 18/09/1944
71. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 10:00-16:00, 18/09/1944; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Mervyn William Dennison’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/mervyn_dennison.htm accessed 31/08/2012.
72. See Middlebrook, pp.180-181; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant John Edward Hellingoe’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/jack_hellingoe.htm accessed 31/08/2012.
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