Arnhem
Page 121
73. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Sergeant John Thomas Richards’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/john_richards.htm accessed 01/09/2012
74. Testimony from Private Geoff Baker, 11 Platoon, T Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Private Geoff Baker’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/geoff_baker.htm accessed 31/08/2012.
75. Testimony from Lieutenant Eric Davies, commanding 10 Platoon, T Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.179-180
76. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944
77. Testimony from Private Douglas Charlton, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.182
78. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 17:00, 18/09/1944
79. Testimony from Lance-Sergeant John Fryer, T Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in David Truesdale, Brotherhood of the Cauldron, p.117
80. See ibid., p.118
81. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 18:30, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.297
82. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944 and Appendix; WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, A Troop War Diary, entry for 12:00, 18/09/1944; WO 171/1232 B Squadron The Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944; and Haines, The Holland Patch, p.26
83. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944 and Appendix; and WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 20:00, 18/09/1944
84. Testimony from Private Douglas Charlton, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.182
85. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944 and Appendix
86. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944 and Appendix
87. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 15:00, 18/09/1944
88. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary and Appendix; and WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 21:00, 18/09/1944
89. Quoted from Kershaw, p.177
90. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 23:30, 18/09/1944
91. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 01:00 & 02:30, 19/09/1944
92. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 23:30, 18/09/1944
93. See Haines, p.36
94. See Middlebrook, p.183
95. See WO 171/398 1st Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 07:30, 18/09/1944; and Golden, Echoes From Arnhem, pp.151-152
96. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Anthony J. Deane-Drummond’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/deane_drummond.htm accessed 20/09/2012.
97. See Turnbull & Hamblett, The Pegasus Patrol, pp.71-78; Peatling, No Surrender at Arnhem, pp.19-21; and Truesdale, pp.118-119
98. See Sims, Arnhem Spearhead, pp.60-62.
99. See Frost, A Drop too Many, p.222
100. See Sims, p.63
101. See Middlebrook, p.297; and Frost, p.223
102. See Sims, pp.62-64
103. See Middlebrook, p.296
104. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 14:00, 18:00-19:30, 19:30, 20:00 & 21:00, 18/09/1944 and 23:59, 19/09/1944; and Cherry, With Nothing Bigger Than a Bren Gun, p.15
105. See Middlebrook, p.298
106. See Frost, pp.223-225; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Charles Frederick Howard Gough’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/freddie_gough.htm accessed 27/09/2012.
107. Quoted from Sims, p.64
108. See Frost, p.225; and Middlebrook, p.298
109. See Middlebrook, pp.295-296, 298-299; and Cherry, p.16.
110. Major David William Wallis is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 18, Row C, Grave 10
111. See Middlebrook, p.299; and Frost, p.225. Interestingly Frost attributes Wallis’ death to a German attack on A Company’s sector rather than what would now be termed a friendly fire incident
112. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section I ‘Operations South of Grave – 17/18 Sep’, Para. 4 ‘Gds Armd Div ‒ Narrative 18 Sep’
113. For timings see Powell, p.114; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.150
114. Quoted from Wilson, The Ever Open Eye, p.118
115. See ibid., pp.116-1190
116. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section I ‘Operations South of Grave – 17/18 Sep’, Para. 4 ‘Gds Armd Div - Narrative 18 Sep’
117. See Ambrose, Band of Brothers, pp.127-128
118. See Rapport & Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, pp.292-293
119. See ibid., p.296; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.151
120. See Rapport & Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, p.299
121. See Nordyke, All American All The Way, p.63
122. See Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, pp.222-223
123. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.168
124. Quoted from ‘82nd Airborne Division Chief of Staff Journal, entry for 07:00, 19 September 1944, reporting conference held at 15:30, 18 September 1944’; cited in MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, footnote 66, p.168
125. Quoted from Powell, p.119
126. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.81-83
127. Quoted from Willem Ridder, Countdown to Freedom, p.451
Chapter 11
1. For first light, sunrise and other timings see Field Order No. 11 82 AB Div, ‘Annex 1A: Weather, Sun & Moon Tables, Para. 2 Sun and Moon Data’, dated 11/09/1944
2. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section IV ‘Operations South of Grave – 19/20 Sep’, Para. 41 ‘Movement up the 30 Corps axis 19/20 Sep’
3. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘Operations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 16 ‘Gds Armd Div ‒ Narrative 19 Sep.’; and id., Section IV ‘Operations South of Grave – 19/20 Sep’, Para. 41 ‘Movement up the 30 Corps axis 19/20 Sep’
4. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section IV ‘Operations South of Grave – 19/20 Sep’, Para. 41 ‘Movement up the 30 Corps axis 19/20 Sep’; and Ellis, Victory in the West Volume II: The Defeat of Germany, p.37, footnote 1
5. See Rapport & Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, p.320
6. Unloading date cited in Delaforce, The Black Bull, p.150
7. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, pp.118-119
8. See Ambrose, Band of Brothers, pp.128-131; the latter clearly states the action took place on 19 September, but the 101st Airborne Division’s semi-official history refer to it occurring the following day; see Rapport & Northwood, pp.326-327
9. See Rapport & Northwood, p.311
10. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.151; and Rapport & Northwood, pp.296-298
11. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.310-312; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.152
12. See Rapport & Northwood, pp.308-310
13. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, pp.153-154; and Rapport & Northwood, pp.318-320
14. See Devlin, Silent Wings, pp.262-263, 267; and Rapport & Northwood, pp.312-313
15. Quoted from Rapport & Northwood, p.313
16. See Gavin, On to Berlin, pp.169-170; and LoFaro, The Sword of St. Michael, pp.345-346
17. See LoFaro, p.345
18. See MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.176
19. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, Appendix A, Section II ‘O
perations in the area Grave-Nijmegen – 17/20 Sep.’, Para. 16 ‘Gds Armd Div - Narrative 19 Sep.’; Nordyke, All American All The Way, pp.83-84; and LoFaro, p.346
20. See A Graphic History of the 82nd Airborne Division, entry for D Plus 2, 19 September; and MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.176
21. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 19:30, 20:00 & 21:00, 18/09/1944; and Cherry, With Nothing Bigger Than a Bren Gun, p.15
22. Testimony from Lieutenant Leonard Wright, commander 9 Platoon, C Company, 3rd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, p.299
23. Testimony from Lance-Sergeant Norman Swift, A Troop, 1st Parachute Squadron RE; cited in Cherry, p.17
24. See WO 171/1509 1st Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, entries for 00:30, 02:00 & 03:00, 18/09/1944; Cherry, pp.16-17; and Middlebrook, pp.299-300
25. See Frost, A Drop Too Many, p.224; and Kershaw, p.135
26. See Frost, pp.226-227; Kershaw, pp.135-136; and Middlebrook, pp.302-303
27. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Private Robert Alfred Lygo’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/robert_alfred_lygo.htm accessed 16/10/2012.
28. For text and photographs see Zwarts, German Armoured Units at Arnhem, pp.54-55
29. Testimony from Private Cecil Newell, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in Truesdale, Brotherhood of the Cauldron, p.114. The latter suggests the incident occurred on Monday 18 September in the aftermath of Gräbner’s attempt to cross the bridge, but Panzer Kompanie Mielke’s tanks did not reach Arnhem until the following day.
30. See The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Private Len Hoare’ at http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/len_hoare.htm, accessed 18/10/2012. This also suggests that the incident occurred on Tuesday 18 September rather than the following day.
31. See Middlebrook, p.301
32. See Sims, Arnhem Spearhead, pp.66-69
33. Testimony from Lieutenant Vladimir Britneff, Intelligence Officer, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.190-191
34. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 01:00 & 02:30, 19/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.191
35. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 02:30-Dawn, 19/09/1944
36. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 04:00, 19/09/1944
37. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 04:00, 19/09/1944; for wording of Dobie-Dorrien-Smith exchange and Britneff’s observation See Middlebrook, pp.191-193
38. WO 171/1232 B Squadron The Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 03:00, 19/09/1944
39. Quoted from Kershaw, p.168
40. Testimony from Private Bryan Willoughby, T Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.195-196
41. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 18/09/1944 and Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 44’
42. Strength figure cited in Middlebrook, p.200
43. Testimony from Lieutenant David Russell, commanding 7 Platoon, C Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., p.200
44. Testimony from Sergeant Norman Howes, 10 Platoon, A Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in ibid., p.200
45. Testimony from Corporal Stretton, 21 Platoon, D Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in Haines, The Holland Patch, p.42. Lieutenant Ernest Roebuck is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 22, Row A, Grave 1
46. Testimony from Private Edwards, D Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in Haines, p.42
47. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 44’; and Middlebrook, pp.200-201. Captain Ernest Mariel Wyss is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, in Plot 15, Row C, Grave 10; his date of death is cited as 20/09/1944
48. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 44’; Middlebrook, p.201; and Haines, pp.42-44
49. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 02:30-Dawn & Dawn-10:00, 19/09/1944
50. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 02:00, 19/09/1944
51. Testimony from Lieutenant James Cleminson, commanding 5 Platoon, B Company, 3rd Parachute Battalion; cited in Baynes, Urquhart of Arnhem, pp.110-111
52. Mackenzie quote and Private Hancock details from Urquhart, Arnhem, p.84
53. Testimony from Sergeant Frank Manser, 7 Platoon, S Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.196
54. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 05:00, 19/09/1944; for details of Sergeant Barret’s contribution see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Sergeant Dennis George Barrett’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/dennis_george_barrett.htm, accessed 01/11/2012
55. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 06:00, 19/09/1944
56. Figures cited in Middlebrook, p.195
57. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 06:30, 19/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.195-196; for Private Davies account see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Private Thomas Emyr Davies’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/tom_davies.htm, accessed 02/11/2012
58. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 06:30 & 07:30, 19/09/1944; and Middlebrook, pp.195-196
59. Testimony from Private Thomas Emyr Davies, Mortar Platoon, HQ & Support Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited at The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Private Thomas Emyr Davies’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/tom_davies.htm, accessed 02/11/2012
60. Testimony from Private John Hall, 1 Platoon, R Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.197-198
61. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for Dawn-10:00, 19/09/1944; and Middlebrook, p.199
62. Quoted from WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for Dawn-10:00, 19/09/1944
63. Testimony from Major Alan Bush, Second-in-Command, 3rd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, pp.198-199
64. Testimony from Private George Marsh, Signals Platoon, HQ and Support Company, 1st Parachute Battalion; cited in ibid., p.199
65. Lieutenant-Colonel John Anthony Colson Fitch is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, in Plot 20, Row B, Grave 20
66. See WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for Dawn-10:00, 19/09/1944 & 15:30 21/09/1944
67. Figures cited in WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 18:30 & 20:00, 18/09/1944; WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 16:00-Nightfall, 18/09/1944; and Middlebrook, Appendix I ‘Order of Battle and Operational Details, 1st British Airborne Division and Attached Units’, entries for 1st & 3rd Parachute Battalions, p.456
68. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 02:00, 09:00, 9:30 & 11:00, 19/09/1944
69. See Kershaw, pp.238-239; Major Kühme’s name is rendered as Kuehne
70. For photographs see Zwarts, pp.26-27; for vehicle type breakdown see ibid, Figure ‘Sturmgeschütze-Brigade 280’, p.6; and Defending Arnhem website, German Order of Battle Section, ‘Sturmgeschutzebrigade 280’ at http://www.defendingarnhem.com/Sturmgeschutzbrigade280.htm, accessed 12/11/2012; for sunrise time see Field Order No. 11, 82nd Airborne Division, Annex 1.a(1) to F.O. 11, Weather; Sun and Moon Tables, Para .2 “Sun and Moon Data”, dated 11/09/1944
71. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 4’”; interestingly the War Diary gives Lieutenant Withers first initial a ‘J’.
72. See Haines, pp.46-47
73. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regi
ment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 44’
74. Quote from unpublished account by Major Robert Cain, OC B Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment, Airborne Forces Museum File No. 54; cited in Haines, pp.47-48
75. See Baynes, pp.113-114
76. See Middlebrook, p.210; and Baynes, p.111
77. See WO 171/589 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, entries for 09:00 & 10:00, 19/09/1944; and ibid., ‘Appendix A: 1 Airlanding Brigade: Operation ‘MARKET’, 17th-26th September 1944’. For some reason the timings cited in the Appendix are an hour or more earlier than those in the main Diary entries
78. Testimony from Captain John McCooke, second-in-command A Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in Middlebrook, pp.210-211. Colonel Hilaro Nelson Barlow has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Panel 1; Lance-Corporal Raymond Singer is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 19, Row A, Grave 7
79. See WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 44’.
80. See Middlebrook, pp.206-207. The rather sparse 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary makes no mention of the 09:00 order, although it does refer to A Company pushing forward to meet the 2nd South Staffords on ‘non-receipt of orders’; see WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, Appendix A: ‘Account of Arnhem Battle 11th Bn. The Parachute Regiment by Lieutenant J. E. Blackwood’, entry for 19/09/1944. Company Sergeant-Major George Wilson Ashdown and Captain The Reverend Henry James Irwin are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 19, Row C, Grave 15 and Plot 26, Row A, Grave 2 respectively.
81. Testimony from Major Robert Cain, OC B Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in Haines, p.48
82. See Zwarts, p.28
83. Testimony from Lieutenant David Russell, commanding 7 Platoon, C Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.203
84. Testimony from a Private Edwards, D Company, 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment; cited in Haines, p.50
85. See Testimony from Lieutenant David Russell, commander 7 Platoon, C Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; cited in Middlebrook, p.203; quote from WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix: ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 44’