Arnhem
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30. See WO171/1586 204 Field Company RE War Diary, entry for 21:00, 23/09/1944
31. See Sosabowski, p.180; and CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 52 ‘Narrative – night 23/24 Sep’. For forty casualties arriving at the Driel MDS see Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.216. 163 Field Ambulance RAMC was attached to 30 Corps for MARKET GARDEN; for escorting Polish seaborne medical echelon see WO 177/359 Assistant Director Medical Services 1 Airborne Division War Diary, entry for 22:00, 23/09/1944
32. See WO 171/589 & WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix F, entry for 01:45, 24/09/1944
33. Figures quoted from Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 05:05, 24/09/1944
34. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.207-208; for British reference to the ponds see for example see WO 171/589 & WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix F, entry for 23:55, 23/09/1944
35. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.208-209
36. Quote from WO 171/589 & WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade War Diary, Appendix F, entry for 01:45, 24/09/1944
37. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.209-210, 211
38. See ibid., pp.208, 210
39. For barrage commencement timing see for example WO 171/1234 1 Wing Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 07:00, 24/09/1944; Lieutenant Jan W. Kutrzeba is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 25, Row B, Grave 6
40. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.209
41. See WO 171/589 & WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix F, entry for 09:00, 24/09/1944; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.209, 213
42. See WO 171/393 1 Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 01:20, 24/09/1944; and WO171/397 1 Airborne Division HQ Royal Engineers War Diary, entries for 01:20 and 07:29, 24/09/1944
43. See WO 171/396 1 Airborne Division HQ Royal Artillery War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, Index C, ‘1 Airborne Div Signals: Operation MARKET: Diary of Events at Div HQ’, Paragraph 9 for D+7
44. See WO 171/393 1 Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 05:35, 23/09/1944. Interestingly the Division Signals section log reports Phantom contact established with 2nd Army and 30 Corps twenty-five minutes later; see WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entry for 06:00, 24/09/1944
45. There is no mention of the exchange in the Division HQ War Diary but the Division Signals War Diary refers to being connected to 130 Brigade from 08:00 and to the Phantom net being operative again from just after midday after damage to the aerial approximately two hours earlier; see WO 171/398 1 Airborne Division Signals War Diary, entries for 08:00, 09:55 & 12:30, 24/09/1944
46. Quoted from Urquhart, Arnhem, p.154
47. Quoted from ibid., p.154
48. Quoted from CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 53 ‘30 Corps plan – 24 Sep’
49. Private Mieczyslaw Krzeczkowski is interred in Mook War Cemetery, Limburg, Holland, Plot 4, Row C, Grave 11
50. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.212-213, 231-232
51. See ibid., p.232; and Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.71
52. For move to Brussels see AIR 27/2046 No. 575 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 23/09/1944; for details of alleged drop at Oosterbeek see Cooper, The Air Battle for Arnhem, p.124
53. See AIR 27/2046 No. 575 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 24/09/1944
54. See AIR 27/2134 No. 620 Squadron Operations Record Book, entry for 24/09/1944
55. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.233-234, 243
56. For 19:35 timing see Green, p.72; for German infiltration on BREESE Force’s right flank see WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 12:00, 24/09/1944
57. See Green, p.71; for Sergeant Clark’s DCM citation see The Pegasus Archive website, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Sergeant Stanley Clark’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/sidney_clark.htm, accessed 09/10/2017
58. See WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 19:00, 22/09/1944
59. Lieutenant George Norman Austin and Warrant Officer Class II Leslie Morgan are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, in Plot 20, Row C, Grave 18 and Plot 26, Row B, Grave 4 respectively
60. See WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 12:00, 24/09/1944
61. See WO 171/1059 64 Medium Regiment RA War Diary, entries for 18:46 and 18:57, 24/09/1944; quote from WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 19:30, 24/09/1944
62. See Green, p.72
63. For 19:05 timing see WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 24/09/1944
64. See Green, p.72; and WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 19:35, 24/09/1944
65. See WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 24/09/1944; and Green, pp.71-72
66. See WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 09:00, 24/09/1944; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.213-214
67. See WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, Appendix I, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/1609 261 (Airborne) Field Park Company RE War Diary, Appendix H, entry for 24/09/1944
68. Quoted from the 4th Parachute Squadron Royal Engineers website, Arnhem Section, ‘September 24’ at http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/4parasqnre/arnhem%20page%207.htm, accessed 15/10/2017
69. See 4th Parachute Squadron Royal Engineers website, Arnhem Section, ‘September 24’ at http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/4parasqnre/arnhem%20page%207.htm, accessed 15/10/2017; and WO 171/1513 9th Field Company RE War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944. Sapper Thomas Cunningham is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Special Memorial Plot 1, Row A, Grave 5; Captain Roger Basil Binyon RE has no known grave and is commemorated on the Groesbeek Memorial, Gelderland, Holland, Panel 2
70. See WO 171/957 1st Airlanding Anti-Tank Battery War Diary, Appendix ‘Operation Market HQRA’
71. See WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 12:30, 24/09/1944; and WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 13:00 to 19:00, 24/09/1944
72. See WO 171/1235 2 Wing Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entries for 14:07 & 17:00, 24/09/1944. The 7th KOSB War Diary gives the time of the Glider Pilot’s withdrawal as being ‘short after midnight, although this may be a misspelling of midday given the entry timing; see WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 13:00 to 19:00, 24/09/1944
73. See WO 171/1609 261 (Airborne) Field Park Company RE War Diary, Appendix H, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/1511 4th Parachute Squadron RE War Diary, Appendix I, entry for 16:00, 24/09/1944
74. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entries for 00:01 to 04:30, 06:30 to 13:00 & 13:00 to 19:00, 24/09/1944
75. Quote and figures from WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 13:00 to 19:00, 24/09/1944
76. See WO 171/1016 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944
77. See WO 171/1059 64 Medium Regiment RA War Diary, entries for 18:11 and 18:20, 24/09/1944
78. Quoted from WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers War Diary, entry for 13:00 to 19:00, 24/09/1944; see also WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘F’, entry for 19:15, 24/09/1944
79. Quoted from WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entry for 06:30, 24/09/1944
80. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix
C, entry for 24/09/1944; for timing see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 07:40, 24/09/1944. There is no reference to Hackett’s visit in the Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, although his visit at 09:00 the previous morning is noted
81. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix C, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 07:40, 24/09/1944. For No. 1 Wing timings see WO 171/1234, 1 Wing Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entries for 08:30 & 09:55, 25/09/1944; for some reason the No. 1 Wing Diary cites events that took place on 24 September under the following day’s heading; and Urquhart, p.154
82. Quoted from WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entries for 09:30 & 10:15, 24/09/1944
83. For timing see WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entry for 14:15, 24/09/1944; for sortie details see Powell, The Devil’s Birthday, p.209; and Ian Gooderson, Air Power at the Battlefront, p.97
84. See WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entries for 10:15, 15:30; 15:35 & 19:30, 24/09/1944; and Fairley, Remember Arnhem, p.183. Trooper Alfred Herbert Odd is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 22, Row A, Grave 17; at age 19 Trooper Odd was the youngest member of the Reconnaissance Squadron to be killed at Arnhem
85. See WO 171/406 D Troop 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entry for 07:00; and Fairley, p.179
86. See WO 171/406 D Troop 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entries for 10:00 & 11:30; and Fairley, p.182. Captain John Reginald Charles Robert Park, Lieutenant Alan Frank Pascal and Trooper Thomas Alfred Williamson Walker are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 21, Row A, Grave 13, Plot 3, Row D, grave 1 and Plot 21, Row A, Grave 10 respectively
87. See Fairley, p.180
88. See WO 171/406 D Troop 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entry for 13:00; and Fairley, pp.185-187; the Squadron War Diary makes no mention of the Reconnaissance party’s capture and escape, stating that they remained hidden near D Troop’s location until the following night
89. See WO 171/406 A Troop 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entry for 01:00, 24/09/1944; and Fairley, p.178
90. See Fairley, pp.178-181
91. See ibid., pp.181-182, 184
92. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944
93. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.222-223
94. See Kent, First In!, p.122
95. See Middlebrook, p.410; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.222
96. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.223-224; Private Mikolaj Bzowy is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 25, Row B, Grave 3; the CWGC records give Private Bzowy’s date of death as 23/09/1944
97. For 156 Parachute Battalion withdrawal see WO 171/1247 156 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 14:00 & 15:00, 23/09/1944; for details of Captain Gazurek’s ill-fated move up the Stationsweg back gardens see Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.224-225. Captain Ignacy Gazurek is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 25, Row B, Grave 5
98. Testimony from Sander Kremer; cited in Middlebrook, pp.410-411. Mr Kremer refers to the incident as occurring on Saturday 23 September rather than the following day
99. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.225-226
100. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and Kent, First In!, pp.122-123
101. Lance-Corporal Konstanty Wesolowicz and Private Emil Mentlik are interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 25, Row B, Graves 1 and 16 respectively
102. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.229, 231
103. Dispositions cited in Kent, First In!, pp.116-117
104. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix D, entry for 24/09/1944
105. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and Kent, First In!, pp.122-123
106. See Ryan, pp.495-496
107. Quoted from Colonel G. Warrack, Arnhem Diary (unpublished memoir); cited in Baynes, Urquhart of Arnhem, pp.140-141
108. Quoted from Ryan, p.496
109. See ibid., p.496
110. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, p.271
111. See Ryan, pp.496-500
112. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 16:52, 24/09/1944; according to Captain Mawson the evacuation was well underway by midday; see Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, p.158
113. Quoted from Mawson, Arnhem Doctor, p.154
114. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.230
115. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 07:10, 24/09/1944; for details of the press team see Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, footnote p.484; for Byam and Maxsted see for example Vincent Dowd, 2015, WW2: Guy Byam, The BBC’s Lost Reporter at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34144792, [accessed 18/12/2017]
116. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.230
117. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 15:27, 24/09/1944
118. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 15:00, 24/09/1944
119. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 19:00, 24/09/1944. There is no mention of this incident in the 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary however, and it is possible it is a slightly altered reference to the incident with the two Panzer IVs recorded in the Pathfinder War Diary see WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 15:00, 24/09/1944
120. Quotes from Mawson, pp.154-155
121. See Julian Thompson, Ready for Anything, pp.196-197
122. See WO 171/594 4th Parachute Brigade War Diary, Appendix D, entry for 24/09/1944; The Pegasus Archive website, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Brigadier John Winthrop Hackett’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/john_hackett.htm, accessed 23/12/2017; and ibid., Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Captain Alexander Lippmann-Kessel’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/alexander_lipmann_kessel.htm, accessed 23/12/2017
123. Quoted from Mawson, p.158
124. See ibid., pp.155-169; for Mawson’s service at Stalag IV G see The Pegasus Archive website, Prisoner of War Archive, Camps History Section ‘STALAG IVG: Red Cross Report 11th-16th March 1945’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/pow/cSt_4G_report1.htm [accessed 28/12/2017]
125. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944
126. See WO 171/1244 11th Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix J1 ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 1944’
127. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/1238 3rd Parachute Battalion War Diary, composite entry for 22/09/1944 to 25/09/1944. Lieutenant Philip Brandon Evans passed into German captivity and was incarcerated in Oflag IX A/H at Spangenberg in central Germany
128. See WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944
129. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 19:00, 24/09/1944; WO 166/15077 1st Battalion The Border Regiment War Diary, Appendix A, entry for 24/09/1944; and Green, pp.71-72
130. Quoted from WO 166/14933 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; and WO 171/1375 2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, Appendix J1 ‘2nd South Staffords at Arnhem 17-25 Sept 1944’
131. See Victor Miller, Nothing is Impossible, p.168
132. See WO 171/396 1 Airborne Division HQ Royal Artillery War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944
133. See Fairley, p.179
134. Quoted from WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944
135. See WO 171/1323 7th Battalion King’s Own Scottish Bor
derers War Diary, entry for 06:30 to 13:00, 24/09/1944; for details of Sergeant Tilley’s involvement and his DCM citation see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section, ‘Sergeant Russell Frederick Tilley’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/russell_tilley.htm, accessed 19/01/2018
136. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 54 ‘Narrative 24 Sep’
137. Quoted from Essame, The 43rd Division at War, p.135
138. Major Mowbray Morris Souper is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland, Plot 10, Row B, Grave 7. According to Essame the 1st Worcesters also lost a Major Gibbons killed on 24 September, but the Commonwealth War Graves Commission has no record of an officer of that rank or name; see Essame, p.135
139. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 54 ‘Narrative 24 Sep’; and Essame, p.135
140. Quoted from CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 53 ‘30 Corps plan – 24 Sep’
141. Quoted from CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 53 ‘30 Corps plan – 24 Sep’
142. See Sir Brian Horrocks, Corps Commander, pp.122-123; cited in Powell, p.213; and CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 53 ‘30 Corps plan – 24 Sep’
143. See CAB 44/254 Part II: Operation MARKET GARDEN, Book III, Chapter VII, ‘Section V – Operations on the Island 21 to 26 Sep’, Para. 53 ‘30 Corps plan – 24 Sep’; and WO 171/393 1 Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entry for 05:35, 23/09/1944.
144. Quoted from Essame, p.132
145. See WO 285/10-15 Dempsey Papers: Personal War Diary, entry for 24/09/1944; cited in Powell, p.218