Arnhem
Page 135
Chapter 22
1. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, Appendix ‘Report on Operation Market’, Part I: General Outline of Operations, Section 10 ‘The Withdrawal to Nijmegen’, Para. 195; WO 171/1608 260 Field Company RE War Diary, entry for 25/09/1944; and testimony from Private John Ranger, 20 Platoon, D Company, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment; cited in Sliz, The Storm Boat Kings, p.97
2. Quoted from Henniker, An Image of War, p.19
3. See Kershaw, It Never Snows in September, p.299; for clashes see for example WO 171/1236 1 Parachute Battalion War Diary, entry for 23:00, 25/09/1944; and WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 22:00, 25/09/1944
4. Quoted from Kershaw, p.299
5. See ibid., pp.299-301
6. Testimony from Hauptsturmführer Hans Möller, commander SS Panzer Pionier Abteilung 9; cited in ibid., p.301
7. Quoted from ibid., p.301
8. See Urquhart, Arnhem, pp.180-181
9. See Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, p.432
10. See Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, p.534
11. See Green, 1st Battalion The Border Regiment, p.85
12. See Middlebrook, pp.433-434
13. For 170 figure see Kershaw, p.299; Krafft quote from AIR 20/2333 ‘Battle of Arnheim: German account, Sept. to Oct. 1944; cited in Middlebrook, p.435
14. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.261, 264, 267-268
15. See Green, pp.84-85
16. For details see for example Waddy, A Tour of the Arnhem Battlefields, p.181; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Brigadier Gerald William Lathbury’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/gerald_lathbury.htm, accessed 27/07/2018; and ibid., ‘Brigadier John Winthrop Hackett’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/john_hackett.htm, accessed 27/07/2018 .
17. For details and Lieutenant-Colonel Herford’s DSO citation see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant-Colonel Martin Edward Meakin Herford MBE, DSO, MC & Bar’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/martin_herford.htm, accessed 27/07/2018
18. For details and Colonel Warrack’s Distinguished Service Order Citation see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Colonel Graeme Matthew Warrack’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/graeme_warrack.htm, accessed 27/07/2018
19. See Middlebrook, p.437; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major J. Anthony Cotterell’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/anthony_cotterell.htm, accessed 28/07/2018. Major John Anthony Cotterell is interred in Enschede Eastern General Cemetery, Overijssel, Netherlands in Joint Grave 200-201
20. See Middlebrook, pp.436-437. Captain John Howard Keesey is interred in Becklingen War Cemetery, Niedersachsen, Germany in Plot 8, Row C, Grave 1
21. See Middlebrook, p.437; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Lieutenant H. Michael A. Cambier’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/michael_cambier.htm, accessed 28/07/2018. Lieutenant Raymond Meyrick Bussell and Lieutenant Harry Michael Ashbrooke Cambier are interred in Vorden General Cemetery, Gelderland, Netherlands in Graves 16 & 17 respectively
22. See WO 171/1234, 1 Wing Glider Pilot Regiment War Diary, entries for 10:00, 14:25, 15:05, 16:10 & 19:11, 27/09/1944
23. See WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 15:00, 28/09/1944
24. See AIR 27/1433 No. 233 Squadron Operations Record Book, entries for 29/09/1944; and AIR 27/1876 No. 437 Squadron RCAF Operations Record Book, entries for 29/09/1944.
25. The USAAF units cited were based at Barkston Heath and Saltby; for reference to being lifted by US aircraft see WO 171/1248 21st Independent Parachute Company War Diary, entry for 15:00, 28/09/1944
26. See WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, entries for 17:00 & 19:00, 29/09/1944; and WO 171/396 1 Airborne Division HQ Royal Artillery War Diary, entries for 11:00, 15:30 & 18:00, 29/09/1944
27. See WO 171/406 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron War Diary, entry for 29/09/1944; WO 171/1016 1st Airlanding Light Regiment RA War Diary, entry for 13:00, 29/09/1944; and WO 171/1513 9th Airborne Field Company RE War Diary, entries for 14:30, ‘Approx’ 15:45 & ‘Approx’ 18:30
28. See WO 171/1375 2nd South Staffordshire Regiment War Diary, entry for 29/09/1944; and AIR 27/1433 No. 233 Squadron Operations Record Book, entries for 29/09/1944
29. See WO 171/1236 1st Parachute Battalion War Diary, entries for 10:00 & 12:15, 30/09/1944
30. See WO 171/590 1st Airlanding Brigade HQ Seaborne Element War Diary, entry for 28 to 29/09/1944; and ibid., Appendix ‘2nd Seaborne Element’, entries for 22/09/1944, 23/09/1944 & 23 to 30/09/1944
31. For a full breakdown of vehicle types & numbers by unit see WO 171/393 1st Airborne Division HQ War Diary, ‘Appendix “G” to Part II: Seaborne Transport’
32. See WO 171/394 1 Airborne Division HQ Seaborne Element War Diary, entry for 29 and 30/09/1944
33. See WO 171/394 1 Airborne Division HQ Seaborne Element War Diary, entries for 09:00, 03 /10/1944, 04/10/1944, 5,6 and 7/10/1944 and 08/10/1944
34. Figure cited in HMSO, By Air to Battle, p.98 which matches Middlebrook; see Middlebrook, Table 1, p.439. For despatch of Division seaborne tail six weeks in advance of Operation MARKET see WO 171/393 1 Airborne Division HQ War Diary, Appendix: ‘Report on Operation “Market”: Part II – The Administrative Aspects of the Operation: Seaborne Tail’, Para. 218
35. For 1,338 Glider Pilot figure see WO 171/1230 HQ Cmd. Glider Pilots War Diary, Appendix ‘OPERATION “MARKET” GROUND’, Section headed ‘CASUALTIES’; for Polish Brigade total of 1,625 see Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 09:00, 26/09/1944 . The Glider Pilot HQ War Diary figure is higher than that cited in By Air to Battle (1,126) and Middlebrook (1,262), while the Polish War Diary figure is lower than that cited by Middlebrook (1,689); using the figures from the latter two sources the overall figures are 11,784 or 11,920. See HMSO, By Air to Battle, p.98; and Middlebrook, Table 1, p.439. As the precise source of the figures cited in the secondary works is unclear, the primary source figures are given preference.
36. 1,485 figure cited in Middlebrook, Table 1, p.439; for 1,543 figure see John A. Hey, Roll of Honour Battle of Arnhem, September 1944; cited in Reynolds, Sons of the Reich, p.173. The 6,525 overall figure is cited in Hey and Middlebrook while the HMSO official account refers to a total of 7,605 killed, wounded and missing; the higher total may reflect early accounting before the number of prisoners and evaders became clear; see HMSO, By Air to Battle, p.130
37. 219 and 229 figures cited in Middlebrook, Table 1, p.439 and Reynolds, p.173 respectively; 730 figure quoted from WO 171/1230 HQ Cmd. Glider Pilots War Diary, Appendix ‘OPERATION “MARKET” GROUND’, Section headed ‘CASUALTIES’. Polish killed figure of ninety-two cited in Middlebrook, Table 1, ninety-seven from Reynolds, p.173; overall Polish casualty figure of 342 quoted from Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 09:00, 26/09/1944
38. Figure cited in Reynolds, p.173
39. Figures cited in Cooper, The Air Battle for Arnhem, Table ‘RAF Losses at Arnhem’, pp.158-159
40. Figures quoted from Middlebrook, Appendix 4: Order of Battle, US Air Units Carrying British and Polish Parachute Troops on Operation ‘Market’, p.464
41. See Kershaw, pp.339-340; and Ryan, p.539
42. See Powell, The Devil’s Birthday, p.229
43. Cited in Ryan, p.537
44. Figures quoted from MacDonald, The Siegfried Line Campaign, p.199
45. For details Henniker, An Image of War, pp.195-201
46. See Kershaw, pp.316-320
47. 200 figure cited in Powell, p.226; for 300 estimate see Middlebrook, Arnhem 1944, p.439; the British Official Airborne history cites a figure of between 300‒400; see Otway, Airborne Forces, p.283
48. See for example The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Sect
ion ‘Lieutenant-Colonel David Theodore Dobie’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/david_dobie.htm, accessed 12/08/2018.
49. For details of Lieutenant-Colonel Dobie’s activities in this regard see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Reports Section ‘Evasion Report: 21st September – 23rd October by Major A. D. Tatham-Warter, 2nd Parachute Bn., Annexure 1 to Appendix ‘F’, “Report on Operation to Liberate Personnel from Northern Holland by Lt. Col. D. T. Dobie DSO”’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/RepPegasus.htm, accessed 12/08/2018
50. A Belgian SAS team was parachuted into the area north-west of Arnhem to gather information on German troop movements around Utrecht two days before Operation MARKET commenced; see Powell, p.100; for Belgian SAS involvement in Operation PEGASUS see ibid., p.227; and Middlebrook, p.438; for the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment’s arrival on the Lower Rhine see Rapport and Northwood, Rendezvous with Destiny, p.379
51. for details of the overall scheme see The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Reports Section ‘Evasion Report: 21st September – 23rd October by Major A. D. Tatham-Warter, 2nd Parachute Bn., Annexure 1 to Appendix ‘F’, “Report on Operation to Liberate Personnel from Northern Holland by Lt. Col. D. T. Dobie DSO”, Para. ‘Plan’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/RepPegasus.htm, accessed 12/08/2018; for the US account see Rapport and Northwood, pp.400-401
52. See Waddy, p.182
53. for detailed accounts of the execution of the Operation see Waddy, pp.181-188; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Reports Section ‘Evasion Report: 21st September – 23rd October by Major A. D. Tatham-Warter, 2nd Parachute Bn., Para. “The Crossing”’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/RepPegasus.htm, accessed 12/08/2018
54. Ambrose and Truesdale refer to the operation beginning at or shortly after midnight, whereas Rapport & Northwood refer to 01:00; see Ambrose, Band of Brothers, p.161; Truesdale, Brotherhood of the Cauldron, p.161; and Rapport and Northwood, p.400
55. See Waddy, p.187
56. The precise number and makeup of the PEGASUS evaders varies between sources; see Middlebrook, p.438; Rapport & Northwood, p.401; and Truesdale, p.161
57. See HMSO, By Air to Battle, pp.131-132; and The Pegasus Archive, Battle of Arnhem Archive, Biographies Section ‘Major Anthony J. Deane Drummond’ at www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/deane_drummond.htm, accessed 12/08/2018.
58. Major John Secheverell A’Deane Coke is interred in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Gelderland, Holland in Plot 23, Row B, Grave 17
59. See Waddy, pp.188-189; Powell, p.228; and Middlebrook, p.438
60. See Urquhart, pp.195-196
61. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 12:00, 25/09/1944
62. See Sikorski Institute AV 20/31/27 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade War Diary, entry for 09:00, 26/09/1944; and Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, pp.272-273
63. See Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.273
64. See ibid., pp.280-281; and Sosabowski, Freely I Served, pp.190-191
65. Sosabowski’s letter and Browning’s reply are reproduced in Sosabowski, p.189
66. See ibid., p.190
67. See Richard Lamb, Montgomery in Europe, p.251; cited in Cholewczynski, Poles Apart, p.286
68. The report is reproduced in full in ibid., pp.312-313
69. See ibid., pp.285-287
70. Quoted from ibid., footnote, p.286
71. For details see William F. Buckingham, Arnhem 1944: A Reappraisal, pp.43-48; for a more detailed analysis of the Polish input into the development of British Airborne Forces see Id. Paras: The Birth of British Airborne Forces, pp.179-193
72. Quoted from Middlebrook, p.448
73. Quoted from Alanbrooke Papers 14/36; cited in Powell, p.183
74. The present author originally considered the distance between the landing area and objectives to be a salient factor in the failure of the Arnhem portion of Operation MARKET but modified his view as a result of further research
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