Steve Jobs

by Walter Isaacson

  Lisa: Interviews with Chrisann Brennan, Avie Tevanian, Joanna Hoffman, Andy Hertzfeld. Lisa Brennan-Jobs, “Confessions of a Lapsed Vegetarian,” Southwest Review, 2008; Young, 224; Deutschman, 76.

  The Romantic: Interviews with Jennifer Egan, Tina Redse, Steve Jobs, Andy Hertzfeld, Joanna Hoffman. Deutschman, 73, 138. Mona Simpson’s A Regular Guy is a novel loosely based on the relationship between Jobs, Lisa and Chrisann Brennan, and Tina Redse, who is the basis for the character named Olivia.

  CHAPTER 21: FAMILY MAN

  Laurene Powell: Interviews with Laurene Powell, Steve Jobs, Kathryn Smith, Avie Tevanian, Andy Hertzfeld, Marjorie Powell Barden.

  The Wedding, March 18, 1991: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Andy Hertzfeld, Joanna Hoffman, Avie Tevanian, Mona Simpson. Simpson, A Regular Guy, 357.

  A Family Home: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Andy Hertzfeld. David Weinstein, “Taking Whimsy Seriously,” San Francisco Chronicle, Sept. 13, 2003; Gary Wolfe, “Steve Jobs,” Wired, Feb. 1996; “Former Apple Designer Charged with Harassing Steve Jobs,” AP, June 8, 1993.

  Lisa Moves In: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Mona Simpson, Andy Hertzfeld. Lisa Brennan-Jobs, “Driving Jane,” Harvard Advocate, Spring 1999; Simpson, A Regular Guy, 251; email from Chrisann Brennan, Jan. 19, 2011; Bill Workman, “Palo Alto High School’s Student Scoop,” San Francisco Chronicle, Mar. 16, 1996; Lisa Brennan-Jobs, “Waterloo,” Massachusetts Review, Spring 2006; Deutschman, 258; Chrisann Brennan website, chrysanthemum.com; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997.

  Children: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell.

  CHAPTER 22: TOY STORY

  Jeffrey Katzenberg: Interviews with John Lasseter, Ed Catmull, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Alvy Ray Smith, Steve Jobs. Price, 84–85, 119–124; Paik, 71, 90; Robert Murphy, “John Cooley Looks at Pixar’s Creative Process,” Silicon Prairie News, Oct. 6, 2010.

  Cut! Interviews with Steve Jobs, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Ed Catmull, Larry Ellison. Paik, 90; Deutschman, 194–198; “Toy Story: The Inside Buzz,” Entertainment Weekly, Dec. 8, 1995.

  To Infinity! Interviews with Steve Jobs, Michael Eisner. Janet Maslin, “There’s a New Toy in the House. Uh-Oh,” New York Times, Nov. 22, 1995; “A Conversation with Steve Jobs and John Lasseter,” Charlie Rose, PBS, Oct. 30, 1996; John Markoff, “Apple Computer Co-Founder Strikes Gold,” New York Times, Nov. 30, 1995.

  CHAPTER 23: THE SECOND COMING

  Things Fall Apart: Interview with Jean-Louis Gassée. Bart Ziegler, “Industry Has Next to No Patience with Jobs’ NeXT,” AP, Aug. 19, 1990; Stross, 226–228; Gary Wolf, “The Next Insanely Great Thing,” Wired, Feb. 1996; Anthony Perkins, “Jobs’ Story,” Red Herring, Jan. 1, 1996.

  Apple Falling: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Sculley, Larry Ellison. Sculley, 248, 273; Deutschman, 236; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997; Amelio, 190 and preface to the hardback edition; Young and Simon, 213–214; Linzmayer, 273–279; Guy Kawasaki, “Steve Jobs to Return as Apple CEO,” Macworld, Nov. 1, 1994.

  Slouching toward Cupertino: Interviews with Jon Rubinstein, Steve Jobs, Larry Ellison, Avie Tevanian, Fred Anderson, Larry Tesler, Bill Gates, John Lasseter. John Markoff, “Why Apple Sees Next as a Match Made in Heaven,” New York Times, Dec. 23, 1996; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997; Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Steve Jobs Returning to Apple,” Washington Post, Dec. 21, 1996; Louise Kehoe, “Apple’s Prodigal Son Returns,” Financial Times, Dec. 23, 1996; Amelio, 189–201, 238; Carlton, 409; Linzmayer, 277; Deutschman, 240.

  CHAPTER 24: THE RESTORATION

  Hovering Backstage: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Avie Tevanian, Jon Rubinstein, Ed Woolard, Larry Ellison, Fred Anderson, email from Gina Smith. Sheff; Brent Schlender, “Something’s Rotten in Cupertino,” Fortune, Mar. 3, 1997; Dan Gillmore, “Apple’s Prospects Better Than Its CEO’s Speech,” San Jose Mercury News, Jan. 13, 1997; Carlton, 414–416, 425; Malone, 531; Deutschman, 241–245; Amelio, 219, 238–247, 261; Linzmayer, 201; Kaitlin Quistgaard, “Apple Spins Off Newton,” Wired.com, May 22, 1997; Louise Kehoe, “Doubts Grow about Leadership at Apple,” Financial Times, Feb. 25, 1997; Dan Gillmore, “Ellison Mulls Apple Bid,” San Jose Mercury News, Mar. 27, 1997; Lawrence Fischer, “Oracle Seeks Public Views on Possible Bid for Apple,” New York Times, Mar. 28, 1997; Mike Barnicle, “Roadkill on the Info Highway,” Boston Globe, Aug. 5, 1997.

  Exit, Pursued by a Bear: Interviews with Ed Woolard, Steve Jobs, Mike Markkula, Steve Wozniak, Fred Anderson, Larry Ellison, Bill Campbell. Privately printed family memoir by Ed Woolard (courtesy of Woolard); Amelio, 247, 261, 267; Gary Wolf, “The World According to Woz,” Wired, Sept. 1998; Peter Burrows and Ronald Grover, “Steve Jobs’ Magic Kingdom,” Business Week, Feb. 6, 2006; Peter Elkind, “The Trouble with Steve Jobs,” Fortune, Mar. 5, 2008; Arthur Levitt, Take on the Street (Pantheon, 2002), 204–206.

  Macworld Boston, August 1997: Steve Jobs, Macworld Boston speech, Aug. 6, 1997.

  The Microsoft Pact: Interviews with Joel Klein, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs. Cathy Booth, “Steve’s Job,” Time, Aug. 18, 1997; Steven Levy, “A Big Brother?” Newsweek, Aug. 18, 1997. Jobs’s cell phone call with Gates was reported by Time photographer Diana Walker, who shot the picture of him crouching onstage that appeared on the Time cover and in the photo section of this book.

  CHAPTER 25: THINK DIFFERENT

  Here’s to the Crazy Ones: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Lee Clow, James Vincent, Norman Pearlstine. Cathy Booth, “Steve’s Job,” Time, Aug. 18, 1997; John Heilemann, “Steve Jobs in a Box,” New York, June 17, 2007.

  iCEO: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Fred Anderson. Video of Sept. 1997 staff meeting (courtesy of Lee Clow); “Jobs Hints That He May Want to Stay at Apple,” New York Times, Oct. 10, 1997; Jon Swartz, “No CEO in Sight for Apple,” San Francisco Chronicle, Dec. 12, 1997; Carlton, 437.

  Killing the Clones: Interviews with Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Ed Woolard. Steve Wozniak, “How We Failed Apple,” Newsweek, Feb. 19, 1996; Linzmayer, 245–247, 255; Bill Gates, “Licensing of Mac Technology,” a memo to John Sculley, June 25, 1985; Tom Abate, “How Jobs Killed Mac Clone Makers,” San Francisco Chronicle, Sept. 6, 1997.

  Product Line Review: Interviews with Phil Schiller, Ed Woolard, Steve Jobs. Deutschman, 248; Steve Jobs, speech at iMac launch event, May 6, 1998; video of Sept. 1997 staff meeting.

  CHAPTER 26: DESIGN PRINCIPLES

  Jony Ive: Interviews with Jony Ive, Steve Jobs, Phil Schiller. John Arlidge, “Father of Invention,” Observer (London), Dec. 21, 2003; Peter Burrows, “Who Is Jonathan Ive?” Business Week, Sept. 25, 2006; “Apple’s One-Dollar-a-Year Man,” Fortune, Jan. 24, 2000; Rob Walker, “The Guts of a New Machine,” New York Times, Nov. 30, 2003; Leander Kahney, “Design According to Ive,” Wired.com, June 25, 2003.

  Inside the Studio: Interview with Jony Ive. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, online database, patft.uspto.gov; Leander Kahney, “Jobs Awarded Patent for iPhone Packaging,” Cult of Mac, July 22, 2009; Harry McCracken, “Patents of Steve Jobs,” Technologizer.com, May 28, 2009.

  CHAPTER 27: THE iMAC

  Back to the Future: Interviews with Phil Schiller, Avie Tevanian, Jon Rubinstein, Steve Jobs, Fred Anderson, Mike Markkula, Jony Ive, Lee Clow. Thomas Hormby, “Birth of the iMac,” Mac Observer, May 25, 2007; Peter Burrows, “Who Is Jonathan Ive?” Business Week, Sept. 25, 2006; Lev Grossman, “How Apple Does It,” Time, Oct. 16, 2005; Leander Kahney, “The Man Who Named the iMac and Wrote Think Different,” Cult of Mac, Nov. 3, 2009; Levy, The Perfect Thing, 198; gawker.com/comment/21123257/; “Steve’s Two Jobs,” Time, Oct. 18, 1999.

  The Launch, May 6, 1998: Interviews with Jony Ive, Steve Jobs, Phil Schiller, Jon Rubinstein. Steven Levy, “Hello Again,” Newsweek, May 18, 1998; Jon Swartz, “Resurgence of an American Icon,” Forbes, Apr. 14, 2000; Levy, The Perfect Thing, 95.

  CHAPTER 28: CEO

  Tim Cook: Interviews with Tim Cook, Steve Jobs, Jon Rubinstein. Peter B
urrows, “Yes, Steve, You Fixed It. Congratulations. Now What?” Business Week, July 31, 2000; Tim Cook, Auburn commencement address, May 14, 2010; Adam Lashinsky, “The Genius behind Steve,” Fortune, Nov. 10, 2008; Nick Wingfield, “Apple’s No. 2 Has Low Profile,” Wall Street Journal, Oct. 16, 2006.

  Mock Turtlenecks and Teamwork: Interviews with Steve Jobs, James Vincent, Jony Ive, Lee Clow, Avie Tevanian, Jon Rubinstein. Lev Grossman, “How Apple Does It,” Time, Oct. 16, 2005; Leander Kahney, “How Apple Got Everything Right by Doing Everything Wrong,” Wired, Mar. 18, 2008.

  From iCEO to CEO: Interviews with Ed Woolard, Larry Ellison, Steve Jobs. Apple proxy statement, Mar. 12, 2001.

  CHAPTER 29: APPLE STORES

  The Customer Experience: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Ron Johnson. Jerry Useem, “America’s Best Retailer,” Fortune, Mar. 19, 2007; Gary Allen, “Apple Stores,” ifoAppleStore.com.

  The Prototype: Interviews with Art Levinson, Ed Woolard, Millard “Mickey” Drexler, Larry Ellison, Ron Johnson, Steve Jobs, Art Levinson. Cliff Edwards, “Sorry, Steve . . . ,” Business Week, May 21, 2001.

  Wood, Stone, Steel, Glass: Interviews with Ron Johnson, Steve Jobs. U.S. Patent Office, D478999, Aug. 26, 2003, US2004/0006939, Jan. 15, 2004; Gary Allen, “About Me,” ifoapplestore.com.

  CHAPTER 30: THE DIGITAL HUB

  Connecting the Dots: Interviews with Lee Clow, Jony Ive, Steve Jobs. Sheff; Steve Jobs, Macworld keynote address, Jan. 9, 2001.

  FireWire: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Phil Schiller, Jon Rubinstein. Steve Jobs, Macworld keynote address, Jan. 9, 2001; Joshua Quittner, “Apple’s New Core,” Time, Jan. 14, 2002; Mike Evangelist, “Steve Jobs, the Genuine Article,” Writer’s Block Live, Oct. 7, 2005; Farhad Manjoo, “Invincible Apple,” Fast Company, July 1, 2010; email from Phil Schiller.

  iTunes: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Phil Schiller, Jon Rubinstein, Tony Fadell. Brent Schlender, “How Big Can Apple Get,” Fortune, Feb. 21, 2005; Bill Kincaid, “The True Story of SoundJam,” http://panic.com/extras/audionstory/popup-sjstory.html; Levy, The Perfect Thing, 49–60; Knopper, 167; Lev Grossman, “How Apple Does It,” Time, Oct. 17, 2005; Markoff, xix.

  The iPod: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Phil Schiller, Jon Rubinstein, Tony Fadell. Steve Jobs, iPod announcement, Oct. 23, 2001; Toshiba press releases, PR Newswire, May 10, 2000, and June 4, 2001; Tekla Perry, “From Podfather to Palm’s Pilot,” IEEE Spectrum, Sept. 2008; Leander Kahney, “Inside Look at Birth of the iPod,” Wired, July 21, 2004; Tom Hormby and Dan Knight, “History of the iPod,” Low End Mac, Oct. 14, 2005.

  That’s It! Interviews with Tony Fadell, Phil Schiller, Jon Rubinstein, Jony Ive, Steve Jobs. Levy, The Perfect Thing, 17, 59–60; Knopper, 169; Leander Kahney, “Straight Dope on the IPod’s Birth,” Wired, Oct. 17, 2006.

  The Whiteness of the Whale: Interviews with James Vincent, Lee Clow, Steve Jobs. Wozniak, 298; Levy, The Perfect Thing, 73; Johnny Davis, “Ten Years of the iPod,” Guardian, Mar. 18, 2011.

  CHAPTER 31: THE iTUNES STORE

  Warner Music: Interviews with Paul Vidich, Steve Jobs, Doug Morris, Barry Schuler, Roger Ames, Eddy Cue. Paul Sloan, “What’s Next for Apple,” Business 2.0, Apr. 1, 2005; Knopper, 157–161,170; Devin Leonard, “Songs in the Key of Steve,” Fortune, May 12, 2003; Tony Perkins, interview with Nobuyuki Idei and Sir Howard Stringer, World Economic Forum, Davos, Jan. 25, 2003; Dan Tynan, “The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time,” PC World, Mar. 26, 2006; Andy Langer, “The God of Music,” Esquire, July 2003; Jeff Goodell, “Steve Jobs,” Rolling Stone, Dec. 3, 2003.

  Herding Cats: Interviews with Doug Morris, Roger Ames, Steve Jobs, Jimmy Iovine, Andy Lack, Eddy Cue, Wynton Marsalis. Knopper, 172; Devin Leonard, “Songs in the Key of Steve,” Fortune, May 12, 2003; Peter Burrows, “Show Time!” Business Week, Feb. 2, 2004; Pui-Wing Tam, Bruce Orwall, and Anna Wilde Mathews, “Going Hollywood,” Wall Street Journal, Apr. 25, 2003; Steve Jobs, keynote speech, Apr. 28, 2003; Andy Langer, “The God of Music,” Esquire, July 2003; Steven Levy, “Not the Same Old Song,” Newsweek, May 12, 2003.

  Microsoft: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Phil Schiller, Tim Cook, Jon Rubinstein, Tony Fadell, Eddy Cue. Emails from Jim Allchin, David Cole, Bill Gates, Apr. 30, 2003 (these emails later became part of an Iowa court case and Steve Jobs sent me copies); Steve Jobs, presentation, Oct. 16, 2003; Walt Mossberg interview with Steve Jobs, All Things Digital conference, May 30, 2007; Bill Gates, “We’re Early on the Video Thing,” Business Week, Sept. 2, 2004.

  Mr. Tambourine Man: Interviews with Andy Lack, Tim Cook, Steve Jobs, Tony Fadell, Jon Rubinstein. Ken Belson, “Infighting Left Sony behind Apple in Digital Music,” New York Times, Apr. 19, 2004; Frank Rose, “Battle for the Soul of the MP3 Phone,” Wired, Nov. 2005; Saul Hansel, “Gates vs. Jobs: The Rematch,” New York Times, Nov. 14, 2004; John Borland, “Can Glaser and Jobs Find Harmony?” CNET News, Aug. 17, 2004; Levy, The Perfect Thing, 169.

  CHAPTER 32: MUSIC MAN

  On His iPod: Interviews with Steve Jobs, James Vincent. Elisabeth Bumiller, “President Bush’s iPod,” New York Times, Apr. 11, 2005; Levy, The Perfect Thing, 26–29; Devin Leonard, “Songs in the Key of Steve,” Fortune, May 12, 2003.

  Bob Dylan: Interviews with Jeff Rosen, Andy Lack, Eddy Cue, Steve Jobs, James Vincent, Lee Clow. Matthew Creamer, “Bob Dylan Tops Music Chart Again—and Apple’s a Big Reason Why,” Ad Age, Oct. 8, 2006.

  The Beatles; Bono; Yo-Yo Ma: Interviews with Bono, John Eastman, Steve Jobs, Yo-Yo Ma, George Riley.

  CHAPTER 33: PIXAR’S FRIENDS

  A Bug’s Life: Interviews with Jeffrey Katzenberg, John Lasseter, Steve Jobs. Price, 171–174; Paik, 116; Peter Burrows, “Antz vs. Bugs” and “Steve Jobs: Movie Mogul,” Business Week, Nov. 23, 1998; Amy Wallace, “Ouch! That Stings,” Los Angeles Times, Sept. 21, 1998; Kim Masters, “Battle of the Bugs,” Time, Sept. 28, 1998; Richard Schickel, “Antz,” Time, Oct. 12, 1998; Richard Corliss, “Bugs Funny,” Time, Nov. 30, 1998.

  Steve’s Own Movie: Interviews with John Lasseter, Pam Kerwin, Ed Catmull, Steve Jobs. Paik, 168; Rick Lyman, “A Digital Dream Factory in Silicon Valley,” New York Times, June 11, 2001.

  The Divorce: Interviews with Mike Slade, Oren Jacob, Michael Eisner, Bob Iger, Steve Jobs, John Lasseter, Ed Catmull. James Stewart, Disney War (Simon & Schuster, 2005), 383; Price, 230–235; Benny Evangelista, “Parting Slam by Pixar’s Jobs,” San Francisco Chronicle, Feb. 5, 2004; John Markoff and Laura Holson, “New iPod Will Play TV Shows,” New York Times, Oct. 13, 2005.

  CHAPTER 34: TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY MACS

  Clams, Ice Cubes, and Sunflowers: Interviews with Jon Rubinstein, Jony Ive, Laurene Powell, Steve Jobs, Fred Anderson, George Riley. Steven Levy, “Thinking inside the Box,” Newsweek, July 31, 2000; Brent Schlender, “Steve Jobs,” Fortune, May 14, 2001; Ian Fried, “Apple Slices Revenue Forecast Again,” CNET News, Dec. 6, 2000; Linzmayer, 301; U.S. Design Patent D510577S, granted on Oct. 11, 2005.

  Intel Inside: Interviews with Paul Otellini, Bill Gates, Art Levinson. Carlton, 436.

  Options: Interviews with Ed Woolard, George Riley, Al Gore, Fred Anderson, Eric Schmidt. Geoff Colvin, “The Great CEO Heist,” Fortune, June 25, 2001; Joe Nocera, “Weighing Jobs’s Role in a Scandal,” New York Times, Apr. 28, 2007; Deposition of Steven P. Jobs, Mar. 18, 2008, SEC v. Nancy Heinen, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California; William Barrett, “Nobody Loves Me,” Forbes, May 11, 2009; Peter Elkind, “The Trouble with Steve Jobs,” Fortune, Mar. 5, 2008.

  CHAPTER 35: ROUND ONE

  Cancer: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Art Levinson, Larry Brilliant, Dean Ornish, Bill Campbell, Andy Grove, Andy Hertzfeld.

  The Stanford Commencement: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell. Steve Jobs, Stanford commencement address.

  A Lion at Fifty: Interviews with Mike Slade, Alice Waters, Steve Jobs, Tim Cook, Avie Tevanian, Jony Ive, Jon Rubinstein, Tony Fadell, George Riley, Bono, Walt Mossberg, Steven Levy, Kara Swisher. Walt Mossberg and Kara Swisher interviews with Steve Jobs and B
ill Gates, All Things Digital conference, May 30, 2007; Steven Levy, “Finally, Vista Makes Its Debut,” Newsweek, Feb. 1, 2007.

  CHAPTER 36: THE iPHONE

  An iPod That Makes Calls: Interviews with Art Levinson, Steve Jobs, Tony Fadell, George Riley, Tim Cook. Frank Rose, “Battle for the Soul of the MP3 Phone,” Wired, Nov. 2005.

  Multi-touch: Interviews with Jony Ive, Steve Jobs, Tony Fadell, Tim Cook.

  Gorilla Glass: Interviews with Wendell Weeks, John Seeley Brown, Steve Jobs.

  The Design: Interviews with Jony Ive, Steve Jobs, Tony Fadell. Fred Vogelstein, “The Untold Story,” Wired, Jan. 9, 2008.

  The Launch: Interviews with John Huey, Nicholas Negroponte. Lev Grossman, “Apple’s New Calling,” Time, Jan. 22, 2007; Steve Jobs, speech, Macworld, Jan. 9, 2007; John Markoff, “Apple Introduces Innovative Cellphone,” New York Times, Jan. 10, 2007; John Heilemann, “Steve Jobs in a Box,” New York, June 17, 2007; Janko Roettgers, “Alan Kay: With the Tablet, Apple Will Rule the World,” GigaOM, Jan. 26, 2010.

  CHAPTER 37: ROUND TWO

  The Battles of 2008: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Kathryn Smith, Bill Campbell, Art Levinson, Al Gore, John Huey, Andy Serwer, Laurene Powell, Doug Morris, Jimmy Iovine. Peter Elkind, “The Trouble with Steve Jobs,” Fortune, Mar. 5, 2008; Joe Nocera, “Apple’s Culture of Secrecy,” New York Times, July 26, 2008; Steve Jobs, letter to the Apple community, Jan. 5 and Jan. 14, 2009; Doron Levin, “Steve Jobs Went to Switzerland in Search of Cancer Treatment,” Fortune.com, Jan. 18, 2011; Yukari Kanea and Joann Lublin, “On Apple’s Board, Fewer Independent Voices,” Wall Street Journal, Mar. 24, 2010; Micki Maynard (Micheline Maynard), Twitter post, 2:45 p.m., Jan. 18, 2011; Ryan Chittum, “The Dead Source Who Keeps on Giving,” Columbia Journalism Review, Jan. 18, 2011.

  Memphis: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, George Riley, Kristina Kiehl, Kathryn Smith. John Lauerman and Connie Guglielmo, “Jobs Liver Transplant,” Bloomberg, Aug. 21, 2009.

  Return: Interviews with Steve Jobs, George Riley, Tim Cook, Jony Ive, Brian Roberts, Andy Hertzfeld.