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INSERT PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS
1. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
2. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
3. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
4. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
5. Courtesy of the Rockbridge Historical Society Collections, Special Collections, Washington and Lee University
6. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
7. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
8. Michael Miley Collection, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University
9. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
10. Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives
11. National Archives (111B5153)
12. National Park Service
13. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCB8177649
14. Prints & Photographs Division,
Library of Congress, LC-DIG-cwpb-04402
15. Virginia Historical Society
16. The Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia
17. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCBH83616
18. Fred Barr Collection, Stewart Bell, Jr., Archives Room, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, Virginia.
19. Jedediah Hotchkiss Papers, 18451905, Accession #2822, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville
20. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCDIGcwpb02017
21. National Archives (111B1782)
22. Virginia Historical Society
23. Cook Collection, Valentine Richmond History Center
24. National Park Service
25. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCDIGppmsca32887
26. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCDIGstereo1s02842
27. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCB8136383
28. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCppmsca19389
29. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCDIGcwpb04325
30. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCDIGcwpb00487
31. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCB8131630
32. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCUSZ61985
33. Goodhart Collection
34. Virginia Historical Society
35. National Archives (111B3569)
36. National Archives (111B1867)
37. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-35125
38. The Valentine Richmond History Center
Opening and closing endpapers: Frank Leslie Famous Leaders and Battle Scenes of the Civil War (New York, N.Y.: Mrs. Frank Leslie, 1896), couresy of the private collection of Roy Winkelman, Florida Center for Instructional Technology
INDEX
abolitionism, abolitionists, 22–27
Northern views on, 20, 25, 26, 27, 31, 384, 385–86, 447
Southern fear of, 23, 26–27
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 558
Adams, John, 556
Albert (slave), 155
Alexander, Edward Porter, 59, 73, 76–78, 81, 99, 233, 333, 357, 358, 376, 378, 462, 476, 494, 496, 501, 508, 527–28, 545
Allan, Elizabeth Preston, 146
Allan, William, 522
Allegheny Mountains, 120, 239
Army of the Valley in crossings of, 178, 179, 268
Confederate forces in, 240
Union forces in, 239, 255
Allen, James W., 223
American Indians, fighting style of, 218
American Phrenological Journal and Life Illustrated, 332
Amy (slave), 155, 174
Anderson, Richard, 270, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 530, 534, 539, 545
Antietam, Battle of, 193, 461–81
Bloody Lane in, 475
Burnside’s Bridge in, 476
casualties in, 467, 468, 472, 473, 475, 476, 478
combat patterns in, 468
Confederate intelligence leak prior to, 454–55, 459
Harpers Ferry’s retaking prior to, 453–54, 456, 457, 458–60
Jackson’s arrival at, 464
Lee’s defensive position at, 461–62, 465, 476, 478, 479
Lee’s plans prior to, 453–56, 457, 458–59
Lee’s tactics in, 465, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 475, 476, 477–78, 479
McClellan’s movements prior to, 453, 454, 455, 456–58
opening attack in, 465, 466–73, 478, 527, 530
outcome of, 479–81, 482, 489–91
photographs of, 490
political significance of, 480–81
second attack in, 475–76
third attack in, 476–78
West Woods Massacre in, 470–72, 475, 478
Antietam Creek, 461, 465, 476
Appomattox, Va., Lee’s surrender at, 571
Archer, James J., 499
Armistead, Lewis, 381
Army of Northern Virginia:
in Antietam Battle, 461–80
Antietam withdrawal of, 479–80, 481
A. P. Hill’s promotion in, 569
Army of the Valley reinforcement of, 9, 335–36, 348–49
battle flag of, 553
in Chancellorsville Battle, 528–38, 545
desertions from, 408, 409–10, 452
in Fredericksburg Battle, 493–503
Jackson mourned in, 552
Lee’s early command of, 3, 335, 352, 378
Lee’s organization of, 393, 489
Lee’s pre-Antietam division of, 453–54, 455, 456, 461, 477
Lee’s Second Manassas division of, 414, 418
Northern march of, 448, 451–53
post–Second Manassas condition of, 447, 451
pre-Chancellorsville division of, 530
pre-Chancellorsville repositioning of, 522
pre-Second Manassas position of, 411, 413, 422, 424, 427
pride of, 452
reaction to Jackson’s wounding in, 545
religious life of, 487, 508, 513–15
in Second Manassas Battle, 423–38, 440, 441–45
in Seven Days aftermath, 387–88, 391, 393
in Seven Days campaign, 338–39, 352, 353, 354–55, 356–62, 363–82, 383
Seven Days casualties in, 358
Seven Days difficulties of, 352, 354–55, 358, 359, 360, 363, 364–66, 371–73, 375–78
Seven Days flanking marches of, 338–39, 352, 354–55, 356, 357, 364, 365–66
snowball fights in, 512–13
in South Mountain Battle, 456, 457, 458
straggling in, 387, 415, 423, 424, 452, 531
strength of, 170, 335, 339, 352, 353, 354, 356, 363, 366, 367, 370, 373, 375, 376, 377, 383, 387–88, 410, 422, 429, 434, 439, 452, 454, 456, 460, 462, 475, 476, 479, 480, 496, 501, 520, 523, 525, 526, 531, 532, 536, 545
supply lines of, 414, 415, 451, 453, 521, 526, 529, 534
surrender of, 571
variety shows by, 512
in winter of 1862–1863, 507–8, 512–15, 517–18, 523
see also 2nd Corps, Confederate
Army of the Potomac:
in Antietam Battle, 461–80, 490
Army of Virginia reinforcement by, 397, 410–11, 413, 418, 430, 438, 440, 441
Burnside’s appointment to, 491
in Chancellorsville Battle, 528–38, 545
Chancellorsville position of, 528
Chickahominy River position of, 338, 351–52, 356, 357, 359, 361, 362, 364
early August 1862 redeployment of, 397, 399, 410, 413, 414, 418, 430, 438
in Fredericksburg Battle, 493–503
Fredericksburg defeat of, 502, 504
Fredericksburg movement of, 491–92
Hooker’s appointment to, 504, 520
McClellan’s appointment to, 99, 164
McClellan’s departure from, 491
McClellan’s Grand Review of, 161–62
McClellan’s training of, 164, 194–95
McDowell’s potential reinforcement of, 244
peninsula campaign preparations of, 205
Pope’s comments about, 395
post-Antietam movement of, 490
post-Chancellorsville movement of, 573
pre-Antietam movements of, 453, 454, 456–58
pre–Second Manassas position of, 410, 413
in Seven Days aftermath, 385, 386, 387, 397
in Seven Days campaign, 348, 351–52, 353–54, 355, 356–62, 363–82
Seven Days casualties in, 358
Seven Days demoralization of, 378
Seven Days retreats of, 361–62, 363–64, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373–74, 376, 382, 397
Shenandoah Valley reinforcements for, 201, 204, 205, 207, 212, 228, 234, 289, 331
in South Mountain Battle, 456, 457, 458
spring 1863 movements of, 518, 519–20, 521, 522, 526, 527
strength of, 162–63, 167, 194–95, 201, 335, 338, 349, 352, 354, 363, 367, 369, 373, 375, 376, 377, 379, 438, 456, 460, 465, 469, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 492, 494, 496, 520, 521, 525, 526, 528, 532, 545
Stuart’s reconnaissance of, 338, 352
supply lines of, 349, 351, 352, 359, 361, 363, 364, 370, 371, 373, 375
winter 1861–1862 inactivity of, 165, 166, 167, 202
in winter 1862–1863, 513
Army of the Potomac (Confederate), Beauregard’s command of, 57
Army of the Shenandoah Valley:
early summer 1861 retreats of, 52–53, 56, 61, 62
in First Manassas defensive line, 69, 93
Harpers Ferry evacuation by, 48, 52
mid-July 1861 position of, 56, 60–63, 66, 72
see also 1st Virginia Brigade
Army of the Valley:
Alleghenies crossing by, 268
Army of Northern Virginia reinforcement by, 9, 335–36, 348–49
Blue Ridge crossing by, 242, 247, 248, 250, 265, 273, 336
camp conditions in, 193
in Cross Keys Battle, 319–22, 326
Cross Keys casualties in, 321
desertions from, 184, 194, 195, 196, 200, 279, 309, 408, 409
equipment of, 195–96, 221, 222–23, 224, 225, 227, 233, 240, 253, 254, 280, 325
in Front Royal Battle, 274–75, 277, 278–81, 297
Front Royal casualties in, 281
Harpers Ferry approach by, 302, 303
Jackson’s assignment to, 175
Jackson’s strict command over, 177–78, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 190, 191–92, 215, 240, 257, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 333
June 1862 secret transfer of, 1, 4, 5–6, 8–9, 335–36
in Kernstown Battle, 212–28, 258, 259
Kernstown casualties in, 226
Luray Valley movements of, 242, 243, 246, 271, 272, 273, 278, 279, 280, 313
in McDowell Battle, 251–56, 257
McDowell casualties in, 256
Port Republic–area positions of, 312–19
Port Republic arrival of, 312, 315
in Port Republic Battle, 322–27
Port Republic casualties in, 326
post-Kernstown movements of, 234, 240–44, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251
post-McDowell movements of, 266, 267, 268, 272–73
pride of, 225, 301–2, 391
in race for Winchester, 284–87
in race to Strasburg, 306–7, 308, 309, 310, 311
in Romney Expedition, 181–85
in Seven Days aftermath, 391