Insurrectionalism has been developed mainly in Italy, Spain, Greece and the United States, and has gained some notoriety for some violent direct actions in Europe and America, and disruptive participation in the anti-globalization movement.
Review
Insurrectionalism arose precisely to question the stagnation of the classical anarchist organizations in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, so they appealed to the organizational informality to overcome, this informality is emphasized so often can be considered exaggerated for other anarchist organizations who also question the "cult of secrecy" of certain insurrectionary groups who are branded as extremists or lacking in projection.
Related readings
.
Murray Bookchin has identified postleft anarchy as a form of individualist anarchism in Social Anarchism or aesthetic anarchism , where he identifies "a change in the Euro-American anarchists away from social anarchism and toward individualist anarchism or lifestyle. Indeed The lifestyle anarchism today is finding its principal expression in spray graffiti, postmodern nihilism, anti-rationalism, neo-primitivism, antitecnologism, 'cultural terrorism', neosituacionista, mysticism, and 'practice' of staging of 'personal insurrection' Foucault ".
A strong relationship exists between postleft anarchy and individualist anarchist writings of Max Stirner. Jason McQuinn says that "when I (and other anti-ideological anarchists criticize ideology, it is always from a specifically anarchist perspectica reviewed based on the individualist-anarchist philosophy of Max Stirner skeptical.Also Bob Black and Feral Faun / Wolfi Landstreicher adhere to anarchism Stirnerite selfish. Bob Black has humorously suggested the idea of a "Marxist stirnerism".
Hakim Bey said that "From 'Union of egoists' Stirner proceed to the circle of free spirits of Nietzsche and from there to the 'series of passion' of Charles Fourier and redoblandonos doblandonos ourselves even as the Other multiplies Eros himself in the group. " As Hakim Bey pleads not having to "wait for the revolution" but immediately can "find" spaces "(geographic, social, cultural, imaginary) with potential to flower as Temporary Autonomous Zones, and we are looking for times that these spaces are relatively open, either through neglect by the state or because they have escaped the knowledge of mappers, or for any other reason " Ultimately "face to face, a group of humans synergize their efforts to realize mutual desires, whether for good food and spirits, they dance, conversation, the arts of life, perhaps even for erotic pleasure, or to create a work of community art, or to reach the same state of happiness-in short, a "union of egoists" (as Stirner put it) in its most simplest form-or, in Kropotkin's terms, a basic biological drive toward "mutual support". " Hakim Bey also wrote "The Mackay Society, of which he was an active member, is dedicated to anarchism of Max Stirner, Benj. Tucker & John Henry Mackay Mackay ... The Company ... is a little-known movement individualistic thought . never short ties with revolutionary syndicalism Dyer Lum, Ezra & Angela Haywood represent this school of thought, Jo Labadie, who wrote for Liberty Publishing Tucker, was erected as a link that connected the "plumb line" anarchists, anarchists "philosophical" and the union sector and communist movement, its influence reached the Mackay Society through his son, Laurence Stirnerists As the Italians (who have influenced us through our missing friend Enrico Arrigoni) we support. all anti-authoritarian, despite their apparent contradictions. "Movement
As anarchist-individualists Jason McQuinn later used for some time the seudónnimo Lev Chernyi in honor of Russian individualist anarchist of the same name while Feral Faun has quoted Italian individualist anarchist Renzo Novatore and translated it into English and the theyng Italian individualist anarchist Bruno Filippi.
European individualist anarchism
The anarchist individualism was one of the three main anarchist movements in Russia, with the most prominent anarchist-communism and anarchist-syndicalism. Members of the Russian anarchist individualism were predominantly of the intelligentsia and the working class.
Among the major European individualist anarchists are Max Stirner, Albert Libertad, Shmuel Alexandrov, Anselme Bellegarrigue, Émile Armand, Enrico Arrigoni, Lev Chernyi, John Henry Mackay, James L. Walker, Dora Marsden, Auberon Herbert, Wordsworth Donisthorpe, Henry Meulen, Henry Bool, Han Ryner, Renzo Novatore, and now Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Anthony Jasay, Jorg Guido Hulsmann, Jesus Huerta de Soto, Lottieri Carlo, Pierre Lemieux or Michel Onfray. Two influential authors in the European anarchist individualism were Friedrich Nietzsche and Georges Pallas.
The European anarchist individualism is rooted in the thought of Godwin, Proudhon, Stirner and Spencer.
Mutualism
Mutualism
Mutuality is a stream of anarchist thought that goes back to the ideas of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who envisioned a society where each person might possess the means of production, individually or collectively, with trade that represented equal amounts of work on a Free remarketing. Incorporated into the scheme, was established a mutual bank credit, which would provide the porductores with a minimum interest charge to cover administrative costs. Mutualism is based on the theory of labor value which postulates that when the work or products are exchanged or sold, must be received goods or services incorporating "the amount of work required to produce a artículode the same and equal utility". Some mutualists believe that if the State does not intervinieracomo rsultado of increased competition in the market, individuals would receive more income than those in proportion to the labor expended.Mutual preclude individuals obtain benefits through loans, inversions and income, as they consider these as non-workers. Some argue that if state intervention ceased, these ways of making profits disappear due to increased competition in capital. Though Proudhon opposed this type of income, saying:. "... I never wanted to say ... had to ban or delete, by decree, the land rent and interest on capital I believe that all these forms human activity should remain free and optional for all. "
To the extent that workers ensure the right to the full product of their labor, mutualists online market and private ownership of the work product. However, in favor of conditional titles to land, whose property would only have lasted legitimadamientras use or occupation of the same (what Proudhon called possession ) Mutualism of Proudhon includes labor unions and workers associations because "without them, relations between subordinates and superiors would be established, what two ... castes of masters and wage-workers would continue, which is repugnant to a free and democratic society," so then "it is necessary for workers themselves democratic form partnerships with equal conditions for all members, on pain of a relapse into feudalism. "
Mutual, following Proudhon, originally considered as libertarian socialists, but now some have abandoned the labor theory of value. Mutual have differentiated state socialism and advocated not control the means of production.
Anarconaturism
Another important trend especially in the French and Spanish anarcoindividualists groups was naturism. Naturism promoted an ecological point of view, small ecological communities, and most prominently nudism as a way to avoid the artificiality of the industrial mass society. Naturists anarcoindividualists saw the individual in the biological, physical and psychological aspects and tried to avoid social determinations.An important early influence in this line was the American Henry David Thoreau and his famous book Walden .Important French anarcoindividualists anarconaturism promoters were Zisly and Emile Henri Gravelle who collaborated in publications such as La Nouvelle Humanité followed by Le Naturien , Le Sauvage , L'Ordre Naturel , and La Vie Naturelle .
Lawlessness and insurrectionalism
1 Theory and History
2 Review
3 Related readings
4 Bibliography
4.1 References
Theory and History
The contemporary insurrectionary anarchism is heir to the Italian and French antiorganizacionism illegality of the early twentieth century.The concept of propaganda by deed and confrontation are the usual practices of "insurrectionist anarchism" in asserting
that act violently against systems of domination can influence others to decide to act against what the press and, if given the Accordingly, the effect may even result in a general insurrection. Such a chain reaction of disobedience and rebellion would not need political entities or projects that organize to confront their enemies, who identifies as more violent than them.
This trend emerged in Italy theoretically of the 1980s, inspired by subversive experience of the past decade (1970s) in a climate of political turmoil dense lived. Its main figure is Alfredo M. Bonanno. Some of his supporters see a precedent to his ideas in the violence of some anarchists of the early twentieth century, through the propaganda of the deed or individual expropriation.
This trend has some individualistic influences, but can also be considered as part of the post-left anarchism. Conceive individual relationships based on affinity groups, not to sacrifice individual autonomy autodefiniéndose as "a collective movement of individual fulfillment." Other authors are Wolfi Landstreicher insurrectionalists Constantine Cavalleri, Gustavo Rodríguez Killing King Abacus and. The recent insurrectionalist individualism has been influenced by the postmodern critique of modernity; in turn, makes a critique of permanent organizations classical anarchism and syndicalism
Insurrectionalism has been developed mainly in Italy, Spain, Greece and the United States, and has gained some notoriety for some violent direct actions in Europe and America, and disruptive participation in the anti-globalization movement.
Review
Insurrectionalism arose precisely to question the stagnation of the classical anarchist organizations in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, so they appealed to the organizational informality to overcome, this informality is emphasized so often can be considered exaggerated for other anarchist organizations who also question the "cult of secrecy" of certain insurrectionary groups who are branded as extremists or lacking in projection.
Related readings
.
The illegality is an anarchist movement that developed primarily in France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland during the first decade of the twentieth century, as an evolution of Stirnerite individualism. The illegalists tried not normally find a moral basis to justify their actions, most of the acts were done illegalists simply to satisfy their personal needs and desires, were not always as a means to achieve higher goals, although some committed crimes in what became known as propaganda by deed. The illegalists were both supporters of direct action, and the propaganda of the deed.
Influenced by theorist Max Stirner (egoism philosopher) and by Proudhon's phrase ("property is theft"), Clément Duval and Marius Jacob proposed the theory of individuelle reprise (see Single Expropriation ).
The illegality reached prominence in the first generation of European-inspired social tensions of the 1890s, during which Ravachol, Émile Henry, Auguste Vaillant, and Sante Geronimo Caserio challenging crimes committed in the name of anarchism,within the framework of the propaganda of the deed. The French side of Jules Bonnot assailants was the most famous group practice illegality.
The movement Insurrectionary anarchism is heir to the Italian and French antiorganizacionism illegality of the early twentieth century.This stream has some individualistic influences, but can also be considered as part of the post-left anarchism. Conceive individual relationships based on affinity groups, not to sacrifice individual autonomy autodefiniéndose as "a collective movement of individual fulfillment." The main theorist insurrectionalism is Italian Alfredo M. Bonanno, author of several writings where he outlined the main arguments of this movement. Other authors are insurrectionalists Constantino Cavalleri Wolfi and Killing King Abacus Landstreicher The recent insurrectionalist individualism has been influenced by the postmodern critique of modernity; in turn, makes a critique of permanent organizations classical anarchism and syndicalism
Insurrectionalism has been developed mainly in Italy, Spain, Greece and the United States, and has gained some notoriety for some violent direct action in Europe, and the disruptive participation in the anti-globalization movement. The Italian anarcoinsurrecionalista Michele Fabiani writes from an individualist anarchist stance trials as "individualistic Critica Anarchica alla modernità"
France
From the legacy of Proudhon and Stirner there emerged a strong French tradition of individualist anarchism. One of the first influences was Anselme Bellegarrigue. Participant in the French Revolution of 1848, was the author and editor of Anarchie, Journal de l'Ordre and Au fait! Au fait! Interprétation de l'idée démocratique and wrote an early Anarchist Manifesto in 1850. Autonomie Separate individualist anarchist publication was one that existed from 1887-1888. It was edited by Jean-Baptiste Louiche, Charles Schaeffer and Georges Deherme.
Later this tradition continued with intellectuals like Albert Libertad, André Lorulot, Émile Armand, Victor Serge, Zo d'Axa and Rirette Maitrejean developing the theory in the main anaqruista newspaper in France,L'Anarchie in 1905. Outside of this publication, Han Ryner wrote a Petit Manuel individualiste (1903).
The French anarchist individualism had a variety of positions, for example, with respect to violence and nonviolence, among other topics. Emile Armand rejected violence and promoting mutualism supported the theory of subjective value, while it was also a famous propagandist of free love, but instead Albert Libertad and Zo d'Axa was influential in circles violent methods accepted style of propaganda by deed, in addition to adhering to communitarianism or anarchoand refuse to work. On the other hand, Han Ryner reconciled anarchism with stoicism. However, the French individualist circles had a strong sense of individual freedom and experimentation.Naturism and free love were subjects with a strong individualists influence in these circles, expanding to other anarchists, even going to arise between the Spanish individualist.
Emile Armand called to live under the conditions and characteristics desired shapes in the present, rebelling against the social condicionamento in everyday life and through the living with those who have an affinity to one group in accordance with the values and desires that shares. He claims that the individualist anarchist is a "presentist" and that "he could not, without evil or an illogical reasoning, think about the sacrifice being, until the coming of a state of affairs that would not enjoy immediately."
"In this sense, the theoretical positions and life experiences are profoundly individualistic French iconoclastic and scandalous, even among many of the libertarian circles. Reclaiming nudist naturism, the stubborn defense of contraceptive means, the idea of" unions of egoists "with the sole purpose of sexual practice (loving comradeship), which seek to implement, not without difficulty, scored their thinking and acting, and will encourage admiration between them, and a strong rejection among others."
After World War II French anarcoindividualists with Emile Armand, published L'Unique . L'Unique was published from 1945 to 1956 a total of 110 numbers.
Italy
In Italy individualist anarchism had a strong tendency toward violence and illegality by the propaganda of the deed, similar to French individualist anarchism, but perhaps something more extreme. In this regard we can take into account the notorious assassinations carried out by individualists Giovanni Passannante, Sante Caserio, Michele Angiolillo, Luigi Luccheni, Gaetano Bresci that executed King Umberto I. Caserio lived in France, being French contemporary illegality; subsequently assassinated President of the French Republic Sadi Carnot. The theoretical roots of movement Insurrectionary anarchism can be traced to the late nineteenth century, combining criticism of individualism Italian organizations and ongoing partnerships with a socialist vision class. During the rise of fascism this thought was the motivator for Gino Lucetti, Michele Angelo Sbardellotto Schirru and try to remove an attack by Benito Mussolini.
In the Italian anarchist also existed an individualist side based on the ideas of Kropotkin, known as antiorganizacionista whose individualism was based on questions of tactics and organization, but did not differ much in its final proposal of other communist tendenc
ies.In the early twentieth century was important intellectual work of Renzo Novatore that was influenced by Stirner, Friedrich Nietzsche, Georges Pallas, Oscar Wilde, Henrik Ibsen, Arthur Schopenhauer and Charles Baudelaire. Collaborated in numerous anarchist periodicals and participated in the Futurist avant-garde trends. His thinking was aligned with Stirnerite disrespect for private property, only recognizing ownership of the spirit itself.
Novatore collaborated in the publication individualistic Iconoclast! Stirnerite with the theyng and illegalistic Bruno Filippi Novatore belonged to the leftist avant-garde movement of Futurism with other futurists Carnesecchi anarcoindividualists as Dante, Leda Rafanelli, Auro d'Arcola, and Giovanni Governato.Pietro Bruzzi also edited the publication L'Individualist in the 1920s along with Ugo Fedeli and Francesco Ghezzi but that publication was suppressed by the new fascist government.Pietro Bruzzi also collaborated with the publication Eresia New York edited by Enrico Arrigoni
After the Second World War in 1945 the Founding Congress of the Italian Anarchist Federation presence there anarcoindividualists led by Cesare Zaccaria. Then during the IX Congress of the Italian Anarchist Federation in Carrara 1965 a group decides to separate from the Federation to create posterioriormente Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica . In the seventies was mainly "nourished especially anarchist-individualists pacifist, nudist orientation veterans, so he defends personal autonomy and rejects strictly all forms of intervention in the processes of the system, as would for example unionism. Their spokesman is L 'Internazionale based in Ancona. ".
Spain
Spain was influenced by American anarchist individualism, but was more closely connected with the French movements. At the beginning of the twentieth century individualism in Spain took booming thanks to the efforts of men like Dorado Montero, Ricardo Mella, Federico Urals, Miguel Gimenez Igualada and J. Elizalde, translated into French and American individualists.Important in this regard were periodicals like The Idea Royalty , La Revista Blanca , Ethics , Initials , Outside and Us . The most influential thinkers in the Hispanic individualism were Stirner, Emile Armand and Han Ryner. As in France, the spread of Esperanto had its importance, as well as cultural movements as naturism and free love.Time later, Armand and Ryner made their own contributions to the Spanish press individualistic. Armand's idea of "loving comradeship" played an important role in the sexual liberation and individual fulfillment.
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