by P. W. Singer
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18. Brady Moore and Chris Sauceda, “The Guy Behind the Guy: AI as the Indispensable Marshal.” US Army Mad Scientist Laboratory, February 21, 2019. https://madsciblog.tradoc.army.mil/122-the-guy-behind-the-guy-ai-as-the-indispensable-marshal/.
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19. Lance Ulanoff, “LEGO Mindstorms Ev3 Is 601 Pieces of Awesome.” Mashable, August 21, 2013. https://mashable.com/2013/08/21/lego-mindstorms-ev3-review/.
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20. Amazon.com, “Amazon Mechanical Turk: Overview.” Accessed June 23, 2019. https://www.mturk.com/.
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21. Jamie Metzl, “Making Babies in the Year 2045.” New York Times, April 10, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/opinion/genetic-testing-privacy.html.
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22. Dave Gershgorn, “Companies Are on the Hook if Their Hiring Algorithms Are Biased.” Quartz, October 22, 2018. https://qz.com/1427621/companies-are-on-the-hook-if-their-hiring-algorithms-are-biased/.
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23. McKinsey Global Institute, “The Future of Work in America.” July 2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-in-america-people-and-places-today-and-tomorrow.
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24. Charlotte Jee, “Amazon’s System for Tracking Its Warehouse Workers Can Automatically Fire Them.” MIT Technology Review, April 26, 2019. https://www.technologyreview.com/f/613434/amazons-system-for-tracking-its-warehouse-workers-can-automatically-fire-them.
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25. Andrew Ross Sorkin, “Peter Thiel, Tech Billionaire, Reveals Secret War with Gawker.” New York Times, May 25, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/26/business/dealbook/peter-thiel-tech-billionaire-reveals-secret-war-with-gawker.html.
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26. Jason Nark, “Seven Endangered Places You Should See Before It’s Too Late.” Outside, June 11, 2019. https://www.outsideonline.com/2397326/places-threatened-by-climate-change.
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27. I. Orha and Stefan Oniga. “Assistance and Telepresence Robots: A Solution for Elderly People.” Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 5 (2012): 87–90. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235417999_Assistance_and_telepresence_robots_a_solution_for_elderly_people.
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28. University of Washington, “How to Train Your Robot (to Feed You Dinner).” Science Daily, March 11, 2019. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190311101221.htm.
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29. Jo White, “Is the Kitchen Dead?” Medium.com, August 12, 2018. https://medium.com/cookpadteam/is-the-kitchen-dead-d7c44597b1f3.
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30. Greg Bensinger, “ ‘Mission Racer’: How Amazon Turned the Tedium of Warehouse Work into a Game.” Washington Post, May 21, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/05/21/missionracer-how-amazon-turned-tedium-warehouse-work-into-game.
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31. Suren Ramasubbu, “Biological & Psychological Reasons for Social Media Addiction.” Huffington Post, March 10, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/biological-psychological-reasons-for-social-media.
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32. Andrew Myers, “Stanford Engineers Make Editing Video as Easy as Editing Text.” Stanford News, June 5, 2019. https://news.stanford.edu/2019/06/05/edit-video-editing-text/.
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33. Allen Yu, “How Netflix Uses AI, Data Science, and Machine Learning—From A Product Perspective.” Becoming Human, February 27, 2019. https://becominghuman.ai/how-netflix-uses-ai-and-machine-learning-a087614630fe.
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34. Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo, “The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 5, 2019. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3359482.
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35. John Marangos and J. E. King, “Two Arguments for Basic Income: Thomas Paine (1737–1809) and Thomas Spence (1750–1814).” academia.edu, 2006. http://www.academia.edu/2698139/Two_arguments_for_Basic_Income_Thomas_Paine_1737-1809_and_Thomas_Spence_1750-1814.
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36. James Beniger, The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.
Elsa Kania, “Battlefield Singularity: Artificial Intelligence, Military Revolution, and China’s Future Military Power.” CNAS report, November 28, 2017. https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/battlefield-singularity-artificial-intelligence-military-revolution-and-chinas-future-military-power.
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37. Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2018, p. 213.
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38. “Technology is not destiny.” Direct quote. Conor McKay, Ethan Pollack, and Alastair Fitzpayne, “Automation and a Changing Economy: The Case for Action.” The Aspen Institute, April 2, 2019. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/automation-and-a-changing-economy-the-case-for-action/.
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39. “We can promote greater opportunity and broadly shared prosperity for all.” Direct quote. Conor McKay, Ethan Pollack, and Alastair Fitzpayne, “Automation and a Changing Economy: The Case for Action.” The Aspen Institute, April 2, 2019. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/automation-and-a-changing-economy-the-case-for-action/.
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40. John Marangos and J. E. King, “Two Arguments for Basic Income: Thomas Paine (1737–1809) and Thomas Spence (1750–1814).” academia.edu, 2006. http://www.academia.edu/2698139/Two_arguments_for_Basic_Income_Thomas_Paine_1737-1809_and_Thomas_Spence_1750-1814.
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3. FBI ACADEMY
1. FBI.gov, “Celebrating Women Special Agents, Part 1: May 12, 1972—A New Chapter Is Opened.” May 16, 2012. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/celebrating-women-special-agents.
FBI.gov, press release. May 12, 1972. https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/news/stories/2012/may/women-agents_051612/press-release-may-12-1972.
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2. Boston Dynamics, YouTube channel. https://www.youtube.com/user/BostonDynamics.
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3. Nicholas Wright, “The Technologies: What Specifically Is New?” In “AI, China, Russia, and the Global Order: Technological, Political, Global, and Creative Perspectives,” US Department of Defense SMA report, December 2018. http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1399691/28061274/1547846008013/AI+China+Russia+Global+WP_FINAL.pdf?token=Z%2FlRqydDuVOllSW6riUx5nAVkX4%3D.
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4. Kate Darling, “Why We Have an Emotional Connection to Robots.” TED Talks, September 2018. https://www.ted.com/talks/kate_darling_why_we_have_an_emotional_connection_to_robots?language=en.
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5. Prajwal Paudyal, “Should AI Explain Itself? Or Should We Design Explainable AI So That It Doesn’t Have To.” Towards Data Science. Accessed June 28, 2019. https://towardsdatascience.com/should-ai-explain-itself-or-should-we-design-explainable-ai-so-that-it-doesnt-have-to-90e75bb6089e.
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6. FBI.gov, “The Hostage Rescue Team, Part 2: The Crucible of Selection.” February 12, 2013. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/hostage-rescue-team-the-crucible-of-selection-2.
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7. FBI.gov, “The Hostage Rescue Team, Part 3: Training for Every Contingency.” February 19, 2013. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/hostage-rescue-team-training-for-every-contingency.
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8. P. W. Singer, Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century. New York: Penguin, 2009, p. 337.
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9. Julien Happich, “The Future of Video Surveillance: HD, Hyperspectral and Stereoscopic.” EeNews Europe, February 5, 2014. http://www.eenewseurope.com/news/future-video-surveillance-hd-hyperspectral-and-stereoscopic.
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10. Kathy Fessler, “What You Need to Know About Gunshot Detection Technology.” Security101 blog, November 28, 2018. https://www.security101.com/blog/gunshot-det
ection-technology.
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11. Michael Maguire, “Active Shooter Drills in Schools Do More Harm Than Good. It’s Time to Put a Stop to Them.” WGBH, April 16, 2019. https://www.wgbh.org/news/commentary/2019/04/16/active-shooter-drills-in-schools-do-more-harm-than-good-its-time-to-put-a-stop-to-them.
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12. Andrew Liszewski, “This Clip-on Handgun Attachment Makes Bullets Non-Lethal.” Gizmodo, September 12, 2015. https://gizmodo.com/this-clip-on-handgun-attachment-makes-bullets-non-letha-1730039256.
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13. Noah Shachtman, “Israeli ‘Auto Kill Zone’ Towers Locked and Loaded.” Wired, December 5, 2008. https://www.wired.com/2008/12/israeli-auto-ki/.
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14. Daniel H. Wilson, Robopocalypse. New York: Doubleday, 2011.
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15. Elliot Carter, “Seen This Wall by the Washington Monument? That’s the Potomac Park Levee.” Architect of the Capital, December 5, 2016. https://architectofthecapital.org/posts/2016/12/4/potomac-park-levee.
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16. NASA.gov, “Robonaut 2, the Next Generation Dexterous Robot.” July 15, 2010. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/multimedia/robonaut_photos.html.
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17. NurdRage, “Gallium Induced Structural Failure of an Aluminum Sheet.” YouTube, December 13, 2014. Video, 2:54. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkzxWZETds.
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4. FBI ACADEMY
1. Paul Scharre, Army of None: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War. New York: W. W. Norton, 2019.
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2. US Army Mad Scientist Laboratory, “An Appropriate Level of Trust. . . .” May 29, 2018. https://madsciblog.tradoc.army.mil/56-an-appropriate-level-of-trust/.
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3. Liesbeth De Mol, “Turing Machines.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, September 24, 2018. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-machine/.
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4. C. E. Shannon, J. McCarthy, M. L. Minsky, and N. Rochester, “A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence.” Dartmouth College, August 31, 1955. http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html.
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5. Alexis Madrigal, “How Checkers Was Solved.” The Atlantic, July 19, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/07/marion-tinsley-checkers/534111/.
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6. Larry Greenemeir, “20 Years After Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess.” Scientific American, June 2, 2017. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/20-years-after-deep-blue-how-ai-has-advanced-since-conquering-chess/.
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7. Eleanor Cummins, “Another AI Winter Could Usher in a Dark Period for Artificial Intelligence.” Popular Science, August 29, 2018. https://www.popsci.com/ai-winter-artificial-intelligence.
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8. “IBM’s Watson Supercomputer Destroys Humans in Jeopardy.” Engadget, January 13, 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFR3lOm_xhE.
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9. Jon Russell, “Google Al Beats Go World Champion Again to Complete Historic 4–1 Series Victory.” TechCrunch, March 15, 2016. https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/15/google-ai-beats-go-world-champion-again-to-complete-historic-4-1-series-victory.
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10. DeepMind, “AlphaGo Zero: Starting from scratch.” YouTube, October 18, 2017. Video, 2:13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXlM99xPQC8.
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11. DeepMind, “AlphaGo.” https://deepmind.com/research/alphago/.
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12. Elsa Kania, “Chinese Military Innovation in Artificial Intelligence.” Hearing of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, June 7, 2019. https://s3.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/documents/June-7-Hearing_Panel-1_Elsa-Kania_Chinese-Military-Innovation-in-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf.
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13. Jamie Condliffe, “A New Artificial Synapse Is Faster and More Efficient Than Ones in Your Brain.” MIT Technology Review, January 29, 2018. https://www.technologyreview.com/f/610089/a-new-artificial-synapse-is-faster-and-more-efficient-than-ones-in-your-brain/.
Andrew Freedman, “Meet Aurora, Soon to Be the First ‘Exascale’ Supercomputer in the U.S.” Axios, March 18, 2019. https://www.axios.com/us-to-get-its-first-ultra-powerful-exascale-supercomputer-015cc201-0660-430f-9bf2-83e5ac4edcad.html.
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14. Valerie Insinna, “Introducing Skyborg, Your New AI Wingman.” C4ISRNET, March 14, 2019. https://www.c4isrnet.com/air/2019/03/14/introducing-skyborg-your-new-ai-wingman/.
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15. Arthur Conan Doyle, “Silver Blaze.” In The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, London: George Newnes, 1893.
See also Maria Konnikova, “Lessons from Sherlock Holmes Pt. I: Paying Attention to What Isn’t There.” Big Think, July 21, 2011. https://bigthink.com/artful-choice/lessons-from-sherlock-holmes-pti-paying-attention-to-what-isnt-there.
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16. Heather Roff, “How Understanding Animals Can Help Us Make the Most of Artificial Intelligence.” The Conversation, March 30, 2017. https://theconversation.com/how-understanding-animals-can-help-us-make-the-most-of-artificial-intelligence-74742.
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17. Mike Allen, Sara Fischer, and Felix Salmon, “Fortnite: The Hot, New Social Network.” Axios, December 25, 2018. https://www.axios.com/fortnite-the-hot-new-social-network-45cc0576-a49f-467f-b3aa-b5e06ec8aa53.html.
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18. Peter Rubin, “Facebook Can Make VR Avatars Look—and Move—Exactly Like You.” Wired, March 13, 2019. https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-oculus-codec-avatars-vr/.
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19. Sansar. https://www.sansar.com/.
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20. P. W. Singer and Emerson T. Brooking, LikeWar: The Weaponization of Social Media. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018.
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21. “It is not human jobs that are at risk from the rise of the robots. It is humanity itself.” Direct quote. Robert Skidelsky, “Is AI the Road to Serfdom?” Asia Times, February 22, 2019. https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/02/opinion/is-ai-the-road-to-serfdom/.
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22. “Mazzy Star—Fade Into You.” YouTube, November 16, 2010. Video, 4:28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImKY6TZEyrI.
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23. Thomas Hobbes, The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, vol. 1, p. 7. London: J. Bohn, 1839. https://archive.org/details/englishworkstho21hobbgoog/page/n32.
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24. “Act of God,” USLegal.com. Accessed July 27, 2019. https://definitions.uslegal.com/a/act-of-god/.
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25. Shivali Best, “The Ambulance Drone That Could Save Your Life: Video Reveals How Flying Robots May Someday Carry the Injured to Hospital.” Daily Mail, January 3, 2017. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4084008/Incredible-video-shows-flying-AMBULANCE-speed-emergency-support.html.
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26. Seth Borenstein, “No AI in Humor: R2-D2 Walks into a Bar, Doesn’t Get the Joke.” AP News, March 31, 2019. https://www.apnews.com/bae71c3bef8145ecaaa84bca24d77430.
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27. US Army, “Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicles.” Accessed July 17, 2019. https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/cs-css-mine-resistant-ambush-protected-mrap-vehicle-mrap/.
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28. Deloitte, “The Future of Policing.” 2019. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/public-sector/articles/future-of-policing-and-law-enforcement-technology-innovations.html.
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29. Adam Tuss and Cordilia James, “Self-Driving Shuttle Buses Ride Around the Region.” NBC 4 Washington, June 20, 2019. https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Self-Driving-Shuttle-Buses-Cruise-Around-DC-Area-511594472.html.
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30. George Leopold, “Air Force Tests ‘Attritable’ Weapons.” Electronic Engineering Times, March 22, 2019. https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1334456#.
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31. Harriet Taylor, “W
hy Transportation Networks Are Especially Vulnerable to Ransomware.” CNBC, November 29, 2016. https://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/29/why-transportation-networks-are-especially-vulnerable-to-ransomware.html.
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32. Caroline Haskins, “Amazon Provided Police with ‘Heat Maps’ of Package Theft for Sting Operation.” Vice, July 9, 2019. https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/5978vd/amazon-provided-police-with-heat-maps-of-package-theft-for-sting-operation-cops.
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33. Gao Huang, Zhuang Liu, Laurens van der Maaten, and Kilian Q. Weinberger, “Densely Connected Convolutional Networks.” Cornell University, version v5, January 28, 2018. https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.06993.
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34. “Vintage Chatty Cathy Toy Doll TV Commercial 1960’s.” YouTube, November 3, 2008. Video, 01:05. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sYQ8_2v_Q.
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35. Kirstin Korosec, “In Ford’s Future Two-Legged Robots and Self-Driving Cars Could Team Up on Deliveries.” TechCrunch, May 22, 2019. https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/21/in-fords-future-two-legged-robots-and-self-driving-cars-could-team-up-on-deliveries/.
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36. Peter Holley, “The Technology 202: Drones in Aisle 5? Grocery Stores Are Becoming Unusual Hotbeds of Innovation.” Washington Post, May 3, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-technology-202/2019/05/03/the-technology-202-drones-in-aisle-5-grocery-stores-are-becoming-unusual-hotbeds-of-innovation/5ccb371c1ad2e506550b2f0d/.
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37. Paul Daugherty and H. James Wilson, Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2018. https://hbr.org/product/human-machine-reimagining-work-in-the-age-of-ai/10163-HBK-ENG.
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38. David Z. Morris, “Nearly Half of All Retail Jobs Could Be Lost to Automation Within 10 Years.” Fortune, May 21, 2017. http://fortune.com/2017/05/21/automation-retail-job-losses/.
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39. Bernard Marr, “Artificial Intelligence Has a Problem with Bias, Here’s How to Tackle It.” Forbes, January 29, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2019/01/29/3-steps-to-tackle-the-problem-of-bias-in-artificial-intelligence/#4def775f7a12.