Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

by B Krishna

2. The Times of India, 4 July 1928.

  3. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, pp. 12-13.

  4. Ibid, p. 12.

  5. Ibid, p. 14.

  6. Ibid, p. 49.

  7. Narhari D. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. I, pp. 305-06.

  8. Ibid, p. 306.

  9. Ibid, p. 321.

  10. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, p. 58.

  11. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. I, pp. 343-44.

  12. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, p. 97.

  13. Ibid, p. 73.

  14. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. I, p. 318.

  15. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, p. 97.

  16. The Times of India, 4 July 1928.

  17. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. I, p. 324.

  18. Ibid, pp. 325-26.

  19. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, pp. 155-56.

  20. Ibid, p. 160.

  21. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. I, p. 334.

  22. Ibid, pp. 336-37.

  23. Ibid, p. 338.

  24. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, p. 197.

  25. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. I, p. 347.

  26. Ibid, p. 349.

  27. Desai, The Story of Bardoli, p. 228.

  28. Ibid, p. 257.

  29. Ibid, p. 260.

  30. Ibid, pp. 262-63.

  31. Subhas Chandra Bose, The Indian Struggle, p. 152.

  32. Judith M. Brown, Modern India, p. 259.

  Dandi March

  1. Prof. N. R. Phatak, Government of Maharashtra Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India, vol. III, part III, 1929-31, p. 19.

  2. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, The History of the Indian National Congress, vol. I (1885-1935), p. 638.

  3. Phatak, ibid, p. 14.

  4. Sitaramayya, ibid, p. 639.

  5. Narhari D. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. II, p. 13.

  6. Phatak, ibid, p. 12.

  7. Ibid, p. 16.

  8. William L. Shirer, Gandhi: A Memoir, p. 95.

  9. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. II, pp. 6-7.

  10. Sardar Patel’s Speeches (Hindi), edited by Narhari Parikh, p. 221.

  11. Ibid, pp. 222-23.

  12. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. II, p. 9.

  13. Ibid, p. 12.

  14. Ibid, pp. 10-12.

  15. H. N. Brailsford, Subject India, pp. 232-34.

  16. Ashabhai Patel, recorded interview, 16 March 1969.

  17. Shirer, Gandhi: A Memoir, p. 98.

  18. Ibid, p. 71.

  19. Ibid, p. 96.

  3: Party Boss

  1. Jawaharlal Nehru, Autobiography, pp. 328 and 338.

  2. M. N. Roy, Men I Met, p. 16.

  3. Jawaharlal Nehru, A Bunch of Old Letters, p. 120.

  4. Ibid, pp. 156-57.

  5. Ibid, p. 166.

  6. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, The History of the Indian National Congress, vol. II, p. 8.

  7. Ibid, p. 13.

  8. Nehru, ibid, p. 175.

  9. Ibid, p. 178.

  10. Ibid, pp. 197-98.

  11. Ibid, pp. 182 and 185.

  12. M. R. Masani, recorded interview with author, 25 July 1969.

  13. Parikh, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, vol. II, p. 220.

  14. Ibid, pp. 237-38

  15. Ibid, p. 283.

  16. Ibid, p. 288.

  17. Ibid, p. 289.

  18. Ibid, p. 287.

  19. Ibid, p. 270.

  20. Ibid, p. 389.

  21. Ibid, p. 390.

  22. Ibid, p. 391.

  23. Ibid, pp. 393-94.

  24. Ibid, p. 396.

  25. Sitaramayya, The History of the Indian National Congress, vol. II, p. 113.

  26. Ibid, p. 115.

  27. Roy, Men I Met, p. 16.

  28. Sarat Chandra Bose, letter to Gandhi dated 21 March 1938, published in Dr. Rajendra Prasad Correspondence and Select Documents, vol. 3, p. 214.

  29. Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian Struggle, p. 333.

  4: Administrative Unifier

  1. H. V. R. Iengar (ICS), Vallabhbai Patel: A Birthday Memorial Lecture at Surat Municipal Corporation, 31 October 1973 (unpublished paper with author).

  2. The London Times, 23 October 1946.

  3. B. K. Nehru (ICS), Thoughts on Our Present Discontents, pp. 97-98.

  4. Ibid.

  5. The Bombay Chronicle, 21 April 1947.

  6. Harijan, A tribute to Patel by a Civil Servant, 26 January 1951, p. 439.

  7. H.V. R. Iengar (ICS), The Image of the Police, article in the Indian Express, 8 September 1966.

  8. Kewal L. Punjabi (ICS), The Civil Servant in India by ex. ICS, p. v.

  9. Judith M. Brown, Modern India, p. 347.

  10. Iengar: Administration in India, p. 40.

  11. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—II, vol. III, p. 129.

  12. Constituent Assembly of India (Legislative) Debates, vol. II, part II, 4 February to 18 March 1949, p. 1451.

  13. H. V. R. Iengar, Making of Decisions by Government, the Indian Express, 4 February 1964.

  14. The Statesman, 16 December 1950.

  5: Partition

  1. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 200.

  2. K. P. S. Menon (ICS), Many Worlds Revisted: an Autobiography, p. 262.

  3. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi—The Last Phase, vol. II, p. 11.

  4. Ibid, p. 3.

  5. Ibid, p. 35.

  6. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission with Mountbatten, p. 52.

  7. Penderel Moon, Divide and Quit, p. 64.

  8. A. K. Mazumdar, Advent of Indian Independence (quotes K. M. Munshi’s letter dated 4 December 1962), p. 410.

  9. R. J. Moore, Escape from Empire: the Attlee Government and the Indian Problem, p. 85.

  10. Maulana Azad, India Wins Freedom, p. 226.

  11. Wavell, The Viceroy’s Journal, p. 291.

  12. Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan, p. 200.

  13. Wavell, The Viceroy’s Journal, p. 260.

  14. “The Transfer of Power”, 1942-47, Vol. VIII, p. 190; also Wavell, p. 329

  15. Sardar’s Letters: Mostly Unknown—I, vol. IV, p. 238.

  16. Wavell, The Viceroy’s Journal, p. 291.

  17. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. III, p. 303.

  18. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 235.

  19. Ibid, p. 179

  20. R. J. Moore, Escape from Empire: The Attlee Government and the Indian Problem, p. 115.

  21. V. P. Menon, The Transfer of Power in India, p. 363.

  22. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission with Mountbatten, p. 89.

  23. Moore, Escape from Empire: the Attlee Government and the Indian Problem, p. 251.

  24. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 309.

  25. Pyarelal, ibid Mahatma Gandhi—The Last Phase, vol. II, (quotes from Patel’s speech in the Constituent Assembly in November 1949), p. 184.

  26. H. M. Patel (ICS), recorded interview, 25 July 1970.

  27. H. M. Patel: Rites of Passage: a Civil Servant Remembers, p. 184.

  28. K. B. Lall (ICS), letter to author, 17 May 1974.

  29. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission with Mountbatten, p. 214.

  6: Creator of One India

  1.The Evolution of India and Pakistan (1858 to 1947): Select Documents (HMG), p. 425.

  2.H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 364.

  3.For a United India, (Speeches of Sardar Patel), pp. 3-5.

  4.Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. V, p. 392.

  5.K. M. Munshi, Indian Constitutional Documents, vol. II, pp. 415-16.

  Eastern States

  1. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 163.

  2. N. Senapati (ICS), letter to author, 24 April 1969.

  3. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—I, vol. II, pp. 68-69

  4. Senapati, letter to author, 24 April 1969.

/>   5. Dr. K. N. Katju, This was Sardar, Commemorative Volume, vol. I, p. 22.

  6. Sardar’s Letters: Mostly Unknown II, vol. V, p. 39.

  7. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—I, vol. II, p. 106.

  8. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—II, vol. III, p. 92.

  Greater Rajasthan

  1. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—II, vol. III, p. 69.

  2. K. M. Panikkar, An Autobiography, pp. 190-91.

  Travancore

  1. The Bombay Chronicle, 10 May 1947.

  2. K. M. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, vol. I, p. 165.

  3. Hyderabad in Retrospect, a Times of India publication (February 1949), comprising articles by ex-officials of Hyderabad, p. 18. K. M. Munshi, in Pilgrimage to Freedom credits this to Ali Yavar Jung, p. 165.

  4. The Indian Express, 27 April 1947.

  5. Patel Papers (unpublished letters).

  6. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, p. 362.

  7. The Bombay Chronicle, 11 June 1947.

  8. M. J. Koshy, Last Days of Monarchy in Kerala, pp. 271-72.

  9. The Bombay Chronicle, 18 June 1947.

  10. Ibid, 23 June 1947.

  11. Ibid, 25 June 1947.

  12. Ibid, 16 June 1947.

  13. K. P. S. Menon (ICS), letter to author, 24 February 1970.

  14. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. V, pp. 446-47.

  15. K. M. Panikkar, An Autobiography, p. 162.

  16. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, vol. I, p. 165.

  17. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VI, p. 375.

  18. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—II, vol. III, pp. 74-75.

  19. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, vide Viceroy’s Personal Report, No. 15, 1 August 1947, p. 378.

  Jodhpur

  1. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, p. 379.

  2. H. V. R. Iengar (ICS), Sardar’s Ways: Focus on Main Tasks, the Indian Express, 31 May 1965.

  3. C. S. Venkatachar (ICS), interview with author, 17 May 1969.

  4. K. M. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, p. 163.

  5. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 116.

  6. Venkatachar, ibid.

  7. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. V, Appendices, pp. 515-16.

  8. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 117.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Mountbatten, Memorandum of 17 March 1976, addressed to author.

  11. Iengar, recorded interview with author, 25 April 1975.

  12. Iengar, Sardar’s Ways . . ., the Indian Express, 31 May 1965.

  13. Iengar, interview with author, 25 April 1975.

  Kathiawar

  1. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. V, p. 475.

  2. Sardar’s Letters: Mostly Unknown I, vol. IV, p. 256.

  3. Ibid, II (Vol. V), p. 17.

  4. Ibid, p. 20.

  5. Ibid, p. 19.

  6. Ibid, p. 18.

  7. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 126.

  8. For a United India: Speeches of Sardar Patel (1947-50), p. 31.

  9. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 197.

  10. Jawaharlal Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers, vol. I, p. 67.

  11. Sardar’s Letters: Mostly Unknown II vol. V, p. 22.

  Bhopal

  1. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi: the Last Phase, vol. II, p. 332.

  2. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 147.

  3. K. M. Panikkar, An Autobiography, p. 138.

  4. Ibid, p. 148.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Ibid, p. 151.

  7. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, p. 365.

  8. Ibid, p. 375.

  9. Wavell, The Viceroy’s Journal, p. 383.

  10. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, p. 427.

  11. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. V, pp. 361-63.

  12. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, p. 376.

  13. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 119.

  14. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britian-India-Pakistan, p. 376.

  Junagadh

  1. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—II, vol. III, pp. 4-5.

  2. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 430.

  3. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. I, p. 220.

  4. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 430.

  5. Sardar’s Letters: Mostly Unknown II, vol. V, p. 74.

  6. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 192.

  7. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 428.

  8. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 125.

  9. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 429.

  10. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, pp. 128-29.

  11. Ibid, p. 127.

  12. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 191.

  13. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, p. 335.

  14. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 129.

  15. Ibid, p. 130.

  16. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 194.

  17. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 138.

  18. Ibid, p. 141.

  19. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 438.

  20. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 143.

  21. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 438.

  22. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 237.

  23. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 147.

  24. Sardar Patel, in tune with the millions—I, vol. II, p. 62.

  25. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, (quoted), p. 149.

  26. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 392-93.

  Hyderabad

  1. For a United India: Speeches of Sardar Patel (1947-50), p. 11.

  2. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 360.

  3. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 382.

  4. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission With Mountbatten, p. 198.

  5. Ibid, p. 295.

  6. Ibid, p. 199.

  7. H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide: Britain-India-Pakistan, p. 478.

  8. R. J. More, Escape from Empire: The Attlee Government and the Indian Problem, pp. 305-08.

  9. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 29, 30, 38.

  10. K. M. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, vol. I, p. 166.

  11. The Indian Express, 7 June, 1947.

  12. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 317.

  13. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, letter dated 31August 1947 from Arvamudh Aiyangar, member, Nizam’s Executive Council, to Gopalaswami Ayyangar, p. 56.

  14. Ibid, p. 109.

  15. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 59-60.

  16. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, pp. 323, 327, 329, 330.

  17. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 53, 54, 87.

  18. Ibid, p. 111.

  19. Ibid, pp. 80-81.

  20. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 125-26.

  21. Ibid, p. 134.

  22. Ibid, p. 118.

  23. Ibid, K. M. Munshi’s letter of 17 May 1948 to the Nizam, p. 158.

  24. Ibid, p. 110.

  25. Ibid, pp. 105, 95.

  26. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, pp. 354-55, 348, 350-52.

  27. This Was Sardar—Commemorative Volume, vol. I, pp. 244-45.

  28. Jawaharlal Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers (1947-64), vol. I, p. 147.

  29. For a United India, Speeches of Sardar Pa
tel (1947-50), p. 40.

  30. K. M. Munshi, The End of an Era: Hyderabad Memories, p. 177.

  31. For a United India, Speeches of Sardar Patel (1947-50), p. 41.

  32. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, p. 368.

  33. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, p. 217.

  34. Munshi, The End of an Era: Hyderabad Memories, pp. 190, 180.

  35. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, p. 194.

  36. General Roy Bucher, C-in-C, Indian Army, letter to author, 19 December 1968.

  37. Ibid.

  38. Munshi, The End of an Era: Hyderabad Memories, p. 202.

  39. General J. N. Chaudhuri, An Autobiography, p. 146.

  40. The Times of India, 6 August 1958.

  41. H. V. R. Iengar (ICS), On Working Together, the Indian Express, 18 September 1969.

  42. Munshi, The End of an Era: Hyderabad Memories, pp. 239, 237.

  43. Iengar, On Working Together, the Indian Express, 18 September 1969.

  44. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, p. 242.

  45. Bucher, letter to author, 19 December 1968.

  46. Ibid, letter to sister, 4 April 1948.

  47. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 266, 241, 246, 250, 255.

  48. Jawaharlal Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers, vol. I, pp. 206-07.

  49. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. VII, pp. 309-10, 315.

  50. Bucher, letter to author, 19 December 1968.

  51. W. Gordon Graham, the Christian Science Monitor, 1 February 1951.

  7: Demolisher of Princely India

  1. Vincent A. Smith, The Oxford History of India, p. 552.

  2. C. S. Venkatachar (ICS), the Hindu, 11 July 1999.

  3. Sardar’s Letters: Mostly Unknown II, vol. V, p. 152.

  4. K. P. S. Menon (ICS), the Sunday Standard, 12 September 1976.

  5. Smith, The Oxford History of India, p. 664.

  6. Sardar Patel, by Junius, article in the Bharat, 31 October 1951.

  PART II: SUPPORTIVE ROLE

  8: Kashmir, Tibet and Nepal

  Mature and Far-sighted Advice

  1. Subimal Dutt (ICS), With Nehru in Foreign Office, pp. 52-53.

  2. Sardar Patel’s Correspondence, vol. X, pp. 104-107.

  3. Ibid, p. 90.

  4. Ibid, pp. 9-10.

  Kashmir

  1. Alan Campbell-Johnson, Mission with Mountbatten, p. 225.

  2. Ian Stephens, Horned Moon, p. 211.

  3. Lieut. Gen. L. P. Sen, Slender was the Thread, p. 54.

  4. Ibid, pp. 76-77.

  5. This was Sardar—Commemorative Volume”, vol I, pp. 252, 253, 255

  6. Soli Sorabjee, Ninety Cheers for Sam Bahadur in the Indian Express, 2 April 2003.

  7. Air Marshal Thomas Elmhirst, letter to author, 8 January 1969.