Li Qinglong, 29, 51, 61; as commander
Juyong Pass, 32, 64, 174
of imperial army, 65–70 passim;
surrender to Yongle, 74–75, 109
Kaifeng, 61, 170
Li Rang, 139
Kaiping (Duolun), 55, 62
Li Ren, 109
Kangxi, Emperor, 218 n30, 219 n14
Li Shanchang, 26, 48
Karakhoto (Ch. Gaochang), 189
Li Shimian, 126–27
Kashghar, 189
Li Shimin (Tang Emperor Taizong),
Kenchu Keimi, 194
81, 107
Kerulen River, 167, 169, 171
Li Si, 149
263
index
Li Wenzhong, 29, 65, 150
Longjiang Naval Arsenal, 179–80, 199,
Li Xian, 189
201
Li Xing, 198, 208
Longzhou, 179–80
Li Yuan, 67, 167
Lop Nor (Xihai, or West Sea), 163
Li Zengzhi, 108–9
Lu An, 189
Li Zhigang, 78, 88, 92, 95
Lü Ben, 79
Lian Ying, 70
Lü Yi, 181–82
Lian Zining, 70
Lü Zhen, 10, 92, 95
Lianghuai, 122
Luling, 109–10
Liangzhe, 122
Liao, Prince of. See Zhu Zhi
Ma Bin, 180, 200–201
Liao dynasty, 153
Ma, Empress: Yongle raised by, 20,
Liao Sheng, 73
22–26; death of, 35–36, 43; biogra-
Liaodong, 16, 55, 154–56, 196; as
phy of, 36, 141, 192; household
home of Uriyangqad, 46–47; agro-
instructions from, 138
military colonies in, 115; horse sup-
Ma He. See Zheng He
ply from, 159
Ma Huan, 202–5
lijia system, 37, 104–6, 111, 121, 152
Ma Ji, 17, 184–85
Lin Gui, 198
Ma Ye, 86–87
Linan, Princess, 20
Ma Yun, 176
Ling Gao, 109
Mahmud (Prince of Shunning
Linqing, 62, 119, 122
[Obedience Tranquility]), 149,
Literary Erudition Pavilion
170–71
(Wenyange) 15, 95, 133, 135
Maidiribala, 150
Literary Flower Hall (Wenhuadian), 3,
Maitreya (“Mile”), 105, 108
9, 95, 200
Malacca, 197–99, 203–6
Liu Guan, 11, 92, 95
Maldive Islands, 197, 204, 206
Liu Hua, 108
Malindi, 204, 206
Liu Ji, 71
Manchus, 149, 153. See also Jurchen
Liu Jichi, 133, 136
mandate of heaven, 81, 149, 165–66
Liu Jing, 71–72
Mecca, 204, 206
Liu Rong, 196
Mei Yin, 75–76
Liu Sanwu, 50
Meng Ji, 88
Liu Sheng, 171
Meridian Gate (Wumen), 6, 10, 16–17,
Liu Shuzhen, Madame, 86
41, 96
Liu Wei, 188
Miao people, 85–88, 181
Liu Zhun, 92–93, 182
Military Excellence Hall (Wuying-
Liujiagang (port in Suzhou), 201, 203
dian), 9, 95
Liuzhou rioting, 11, 16–17
Min, Prince of. See Zhu Bian
264
index
Ming judiciary, 106–7
Ninh-hoa Prefecture, 11
Ministry of Personnel, 9, 93
Northern Metropolis. See Shuntianfu
Ministry of Punishment, 11, 106–7
Nuerkan, 115, 158
Ministry of Public Works, 12, 111
Nurhaci, 159
Ministry of Revenue, 10, 32, 94, 121
Ministry of Rites, 7, 10, 88
O‹ce of Transmission (Tong-
Ministry of War, 10, 39, 60, 111, 190
zhengsi), 7, 11, 13, 17
Mogadishu, 197, 202, 204, 206
Oirat Mongols (Wala), 6, 17, 149,
Monastery of Gratitude (Baoen Si),
153; as rivals of Tartars, 165–67;
137
as enemies of Ming, 170–72, 177
Mongol nationalism, 148, 165. See also
Oljei Temur. See Bunyashiri
Oirat Mongols; Tartar Mongols;
Ordos, 156
Tartarism
Oroqen people, 158
Mu Jing, 174
The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s
Mu Sheng, 179–83 passim
Shores (Yingya shenglan), 202
Naghachu, 46–47, 152
pacha (Sichuan tea), 160–61
Nanghaer Guard, 158
pacification ministers ( xuanfushi), 85
Nanhaizi, 15
Palace of Earthly Tranquility
Nanjing: as auxiliary capital of Ming,
(Kunninggong), 17
10, 20, 127; high walls around,
Palembang, 187, 203
21–23; as capital of six dynasties,
Pasturage O‹ce (Yuanmasi), 159
23–24; surrender of, 70; Ming
Pavilion of the East (Dongge), 95
tombs in, 222 n1
Peace and Stability Gate (Anding-
Nanjing Metropolis. See Yingtianfu
men), 32
National University, 13, 89, 92, 99, 184;
pepper, 124
founded, 131–32
population (of Ming China), 88, 111–13
Nayur Buga, 33–34, 48, 53, 151, 169
Prescribed Ritual Proceedings (Liyi
Nepal, 187–88
dingshi), 130
Nguyen An, 125–27
primogeniture issue, 45, 50, 71
Ni Liang, 63
Prudence Hall (Jinshendian), 5, 83, 96,
Ni Qian, 192
126
Nicobar Islands, 202
punitive ministers ( zhaotaoshi), 85
Night Drum Room (Genggufang), 3
Pure Creek Spring, 170
“Nine Frontier Fortresses” (Jiubian),
154
Qarajang, 48
Ning, Prince of. See Zhu Quan
Qi, Prince of. See Zhu Fu
Ningbo, 123, 193–94
Qi Tai, 57, 60–63, 66, 70
Ningguo, Princess, 23, 75–76
Qiantang River, 121
265
index
Qiao Laixi, 188
The Rites of the Zhou (Zhouli), 59,
Qidan people, 153
130
Qin, Prince of. See Zhu Shuang
rotary ( lunban) families, 111
Qin Shihuang, Emperor, 25, 103, 149
Ryukyu kingdom, 123, 150, 196–97
Qing, Prince of. See Zhu Zhan
Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor), 162
Saifu-d-Din, 188
Qingjiangpu, 120
salt rakers ( yanding), 122
Qinhuai River, 23, 179
salt revenues, 122–23
Qiongzhou, 123
Samarkand, 127, 161–62, 187–89
Qiu Fu, 98, 167–68
Sari Uighur, 161
Qomul. See Hami
Sejong, king of Korea, 191–92
Qoryocin, 64–66, 151; battle with
Shacheng Fort, 174
Tartars, 167–68
Shahrukh Bahadur, 188–89
Quanzhou, 123, 193–94, 197, 203
Shangdu, 21
Qubilai Khan, 38, 149
Shanhai Pass, 35, 62
Qui Nhon. See Xinzhou
Shazhou (Dunhuang), 161–64
Quxian, 161, 163
She Xiang, Madame, 86–87
Sheng Yong, 66–67, 69, 74
Record of Outstanding Examples
Shexian (dyeing mill), 113
(Zhaoj
ianlu), 27
Shi Kui, 125
Recording the Northern Expeditions
Shi Wen, 109
(Beizeng lu), 101, 169
Shu, Prince of. See Zhu Chun
Recording What the Dao has Left Out
Shundi, Emperor. See Toyon Temur
(Daoyilu), 136
Shunning, Prince of. See Mahmud
Records of Obeying Heaven to Supress
Shuntianfu (Northern Metropolis), 7,
Trouble (Fengtian jingnanji), 44,
34, 108
141
Siming, 179
“red ink” ( pihong), 13, 17
Somalia, 187, 197, 201, 204
Red Turbans, 20, 22
Sonanjilasi, 163
Registers Accompanied by Maps in
Song dynasty, 153
the Shape of Fish Scales (Yulin
Song Hu, 139
tuce), 94
Song Li, 92–93, 119–20
resident ( zhuzuo) families, 111
Song Lian, 24–27, 59
Respect Heaven Gate (Fengtianmen),
Song Ying, 139
5–6
Song Zhong, 62, 64
Respect Heaven Hall (Fengtiandian),
soothing ministers ( xuanweishi), 85
5, 26, 77, 83, 126–27
The Spring and Autumn Annals
Right Obedience Gate (Youshunmen)
(Chunqiu), 25, 134
266
index
Sri Lanka, 197, 199, 203–6; chief ’s cap-
(Sanskrit Tripitaka; Ch. San zang),
ture by Zheng He, 206
143
Sulu, 197
three o‹ces ( sansi), 86
Sumatra, 197, 199–200, 203–6
Tian Chen, 87
Sun, Lady, 17
Tian Zongding, 87
Sun at Midday Gate (Chengyangmen),
Tiananmen (Gate of Heavenly
7–8
Peace), 7
Sun Chengze, 135
Tibet, 84, 162, 187–88
Sun Zi, 65–66
Tie Xuan, 67, 74
Suzhou, 70, 113, 201, 203, 206
Toghus Temur, 48, 148, 165
Tong Yong, 70
Taejong, king of Korea, 191–92
Tongguan, 156
Taiding (Esun Temur), 153
Tongking, 178
Taihang Mountains, 156
Tongzhou, 31, 120
Taining Guard, 156
Toyon Temur (Emperor Shundi),
Taiyi, Lake, 125
84, 148–49, 153, 165; death of, 21
Taiyuan, 48–49, 55, 154. See also Zhu
Tran Nguy, 181–82
Gang
Tran Qui-khoang, 182–83
Taizong, Ming emperor, 129, 211. See
Tran regime, 178–79, 181
also Yongle, Emperor
Treasure City (Baocheng, or “sepul-
Taizong, Tang emperor. See Li Shimin
chre”), 212
Taklamakan Desert, 155, 160–63
Treasure of the Emperor’s Respecting
Talini, 164
Heaven (Huangdi Fengtian Zhi
Tamerlane, 161, 188
Bao), 5
Tang dynasty, 81, 107, 151–53
Treasure Instructions from Emperor
Tang He, 22
Yongle (Ming Taizong baoxun),
Tang Saier, 108
79
Tang Zhong, 89
Treatise on Military Preparation
Tartar Mongols, 16–17, 152; fights
(Wubei zhi), 203
against Chinese, 165–77 passim
tribute trade, 123–24, 190, 193–94
Tartarism (Ch. Dadan), 153
True Stories of Filial Piety (Xiaoxun
Tea-Horse Trade Bureaus (Chamasi),
shishi), 144–46
160–61, 187
Tula River, 171
Temple of Heaven, 8
Tumu Fort, 177
textile production, 112–13
Turfan, 160, 165, 187, 189
Thang-long (Hanoi), 179
Thanh-hoa, 17, 179, 184, 186
Uygur, 161
Three Baskets, or Three Treasures
Ulan Bator, 171
267
index
Union Link Channel. See Huitonghe
Wu Gao, 108–9
Uriyangqad Mongols, 16, 55; led by
Wu Zhong, 11, 92, 95, 125, 172
Naghachu, 46–47, 152; guard units
Wupingzhen, 176
of, 156–57; collusion with Tartars,
Wusong River, 118
172–73
Xia Yuanji: jailed by Yongle, 10, 172; as
Vietnam. See Annam
minister of revenue, 92, 94, 102, 169
Xialai County, 11
Wala. See Oirat Mongols
Xiang, Prince of. See Zhu Bo
Wang An, 166
Xianning, Princess, 139
Wang Cong, 167
xiaofan (reducing feudatories), 61
Wang Da, 133
Xiaoxuehuluzha, 163
Wang Dun, 73–74
Xidu, 179–80. See also Thanh-hoa
Wang Guitong, 180, 198
Xihai. See Lop Nor
Wang Hao, 207
Xie Gui, 61–62
Wang Huan, 172
Xie Jin: death of, 13, 98–99, 136; as
Wang Jin, 195
biographer of Empress Ma, 36;
Wang Jing, 133
as grand secretary, 96–98; as editor
Wang Jinghong, 208
of Women of Chastity, 98, 139; as
Wang Liang, 73
author of Imperial Genealogy, 98,
Wang Mang, 72
141; as editor of Grand Encyclopedia
Wang Shuying, 73
of Yongle, 132–33;
Wang Yangming, 87
Xifengkou, 156
Wang Zhang, 11
Xing Shu, 157–58
Wang Zhong, 167
Xinghe, 168, 171–72
Wanli, Emperor, 219 n14
Xinzhou (Qui Nhon), 199
Wei River (near Tongguan), 156
Xu Da, 21–22, 30–31; death of 37–38
Wei River (Shangdong), 78, 119–21
Xu, Empress, 17; as Princess of Yan, 28,
weisuo, 114
30; defense of Beiping, 66; literary
Wen Huangdi, 129. See also Yongle,
activities of, 98, 137–41; sons of,
Emperor
98–99; daughters of, 139; tomb of,
Wen River, 119–20
211–12
West Sea. See Lop Nor
Xu Huizu, 51, 53, 63, 75
Western Mongols. See Oirat Mongols
Xu Kai, 62
Western Ocean, 207
Xu Qin, 75
Wu, Duke of. See Hongwu, Emperor
Xu Zengshou, 62–63
Wu, Emperor (Later Liang dynasty),
Xu Zhie, 145
84
Xu Zhizheng, 145
Wu, Prince of (Han dynasty), 60
Xuande, Emperor (Zhu Zhanji): rela-
268
index
tions with Yongle, 79, 98; Gaoxu
Yin Qing, 198, 200–201
rebellion crushed by, 100; as
Yingchang, 21, 150, 172, 176
administrator of Beijing, 169; cam-
Yingtianfu (Nanjing Metropolis), 118
paign against Mongols, 171; with-
Yinjiercha, 160
drawal from Annam, 186; revival
Yishiha, 158–59
of maritime activities, 207
Yongan, Princess, 139
Xuanfu, 55, 154, 167–70, 174
Yongle, Emperor (Zhu Di): birth of,
Xuanwu Gate (Xuanwumen), 3, 19
20, 58; childhood of, 21–24; early
Xue Bin, 151
education of, 24–28; as Prince
of
Xuzhou, 69, 108
Yan, 28–35; meets Dao Yan, 43–44;
as commander of northern army,
Yan Bowei, 73
48, 51, 56; and civil war, 63–70 pas-
Yan Ya, 70
sim; Jianwen supporters purged by,
Yang Min, 198
70–76 passim; ascension of throne,
Yang Pass, 164, 231 n45
70, 77; governance philosophy of,
Yang Rong: as grand secretary, 13, 15,
79–82, 89–93; building of new capi-
96–97; campaigns against Mongols,
tal, 125–27; cultural activities of,
100–102, 171, 173, 176
133–45 passim; campaigns against
Yang Sanbao, 187
Mongols, 167–76 passim; motives
Yang Shiqi: jailed by Yongle, 13; as
for maritime activities, 201, 208;
grand secretary, 15, 96–97, 100–103;
death of, 176–77, 207, 211–12
criticism of eunuch Ma Ji, 17, 185;
The Yongle Veritable Record (Ming
as editor of Memorials by Famous
Taizong shilu), 44, 83, 93, 167, 207
Ministers, 142
Yongning Temple, 158
Yang Zhen, 208
Yongping, 64–65, 67
yangban (Korean gentry), 193
Yongping, Princess, 139
Yangzhou, 28, 108, 122
Yongqing, 62
Yao Guangxiao. See Dao Yan
Yu Shiji, 195
Yao people, 85, 123
Yu Xin, 78, 92
Yaowanghuai, 163
Yuan dynasty, 21, 29, 57, 149, 187
The Yellow Registers (Huangce), 37,
Yuan Gang, 106
94
Yuan Gong, 53–54
Yeren (Jurchen), 157
Yuan Rong, 139
Yi dynasty, 157, 191
Yuan Yu, 108
Yi Songgye, 45–46, 191
Yugu Mongols, 162–65
Yi Tae, 191–92
Yumuchuan, 176, 211
Yibula, 163
Yunnan: conquest of, 37–38; provincial
yin (salt permit), 122
administration of, 86; troops sent
Yin Changlong, 73–74
to Annam, 179–82
269
index
Zanzibar, 206
Zhu Bo (Prince of Xiang), 61
Zeila, 204, 206
Zhu Chun (Prince of Shu), 76,
Zhang Bing, 61–62
218 n25
Zhang Da, 208
Zhu Di. See Yongle, Emperor
Zhang Dan, 73
Zhu Fu (Prince of Qi), 23, 29, 48, 61,
Zhang Fu, 83, 176, 179–83
76
Zhang Qian, 200
Zhu Fu (tutor), 27–28
Zhang Sigong, 125
Zhu Gang (Prince of Jin), 20, 23–24,
Zhang Xin, 61–62
28, 48– 51; death of, 55–56
Zhang Yuan, 198, 200
Zhu Gaosui (Prince of Zhao), 58, 98–
Zhao, Prince of. See Zhu Gaosui
99, 137
Zhao Hong, 10, 92
Zhu Gaoxu (Prince of Han), 30, 58,
Zhao Juren, 195
98–100, 137
Zhao Qing, 108–9
Zhu Gaozhi. See Hongxi, Emperor
Zhao Yi, 109
Zhu Gui (Prince of Dai), 55, 61, 76
Zhaoqing, 123
Zhu Hui (Prince of Gu), 55, 70, 76,
Zheng Ci, 73–74, 92
Perpetual Happiness Page 38