Mothers and Others

by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

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  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  Over the years, many colleagues nurtured the development of this book. Without my being aware of it, the underlying ideas were conceived in 1971 when Neil Chalmers made it possible for me to observe allomaternal behavior among patas monkeys at the Tigoni Primate Center in Kenya. I was surprised to learn how much allomaternal care goes on. The following year, as a beginning graduate student, I wrote about the “care and exploitation of nonhuman primate infants by conspecifics other than the mother” in what was possibly the world’s first seminar on sociobiology, co-taught by Edward O. Wilson. With Wilson’s encouragement, and help from Robert Hinde of Cambridge University, that course paper grew into my first scientific publication. I owe a profound debt to these generous and inspiring mentors.

  In writing this book I was fortunate to have had access to the photographic archives housed at the Max Planck Institute in Andechs, Germany. These images represent a world treasure, and I am grateful to Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt for making them available. I owe a special debt to Polly Wiessner, whose observations and ideas are central to this book, and to her talented son, Niko Larsen. Early in the project, they helped me test a few ideas using the photo archives at Max Planck Institute and led me to discard some wrong starting assumptions. The images Niko provided and his insightful descriptions of the behaviors depicted convinced me that allomaternal provisioning begins earlier than I had realized. I also owe huge intellectual debts to Mary Jane West-Eberhard for illuminating the role that development plays in evolution; to Kristen Hawkes and Barry Hewlett for their insights into how children are cared for and provisioned among hunter-gatherers; and to Marc Hauser for opening my eyes to what behavioral ecologists can (and cannot) learn from laboratory experiments.