After Geoengineering
Page 30
Extinction Rebellion, 40, 240–242, 243
ExxonMobil, 198
Fajardy, Mathilde, 68–69
farm lobby, 204
farming, ocean, 82–83
The Farm, 104
A Finer Future: Creating an Economy in Service to Life (Lovins), 100
first-generation biofuels, 65
Flannery, Tim
Atmosphere of Hope: Searching for Solutions to the Climate Crisis, 82
Flegal, Jane, 38
flowers sketch, 70–74
Flyvbjerg, Bent, 44–45
food and energy forms, 79–81
food sovereignty, contemporary struggles around, 39
Ford, Henry, 55
forests
biomass carbon in, 110
defined, 109–110
planting, 106–111
fossil fuels, 128, 191–192, 199–200
fourth-generation biofuels, 67
fracking (hydraulic fracturing), 66
free-range science, 100
Fuller, Buckminster, 98, 174
FUTURE Act, 202
Gambill, Paul, 173
gas, turning into rock, 143–144
geoengineering. See also solar
geoengineering
advocates of research in, 37–38
cocktail, 223
concept of, 24
end goals of, 24–25
environmentalists on, 37
ETC Group on, 37
preventing failed attempts at, 46–47
requirement for systemic change, 39
geoengineering event, 162–163
“Geoengineering with Seagrasses: Is Credit Due where Credit Is Given?” (Macdonald), 112
geologic methods, of redirecting emissions, 6–7
George, Russ, 164, 166, 167, 168–169, 181
Ghost Bar sketch, 88–92
“gift” paradigm, 171–172
Gigamixer, 124
glacier melt, 247–249
Global CO2 Initiative, 134
Global Thermostat, 168
global warming, 1–2, 4
Goldstein, Jesse
Planetary Improvement, 35
Graeber, David, 30–31, 180
Great Barrier Reef, 211–213
“Great War of Independence from Space” (Bauman), 44
green, 55–57
green capitalism, 30
Green New Deal, 57, 205–208, 243
Greenfield, Adam
Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life, 175–176
greenhouse gas emissions
as cause of global warming, 4
industries responsible for, 204
rise of, 27
Greenland, 249
GreenWave, 83
Gupta, Aarti, 38
Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC), 165–166, 167, 169
Hale, William, 55–56
Haraway, Donna, 245
Harrison, Daniel, 211–214, 217
Harvey, David, 28
Haszeldine, Stuart, 136
Hawken, Paul, 99
Hellisheidi Power Station, 143
Helmreich, Stefan, 184–185
Hensel, Julius
Bread from Stones, 150
Horton, Josh, 38
HSRC (Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation), 165–166, 167, 169
Huber, Matthew, on large-scale industrialization, 35
humanitarian interventions, 42–43
hydraulic fracturing (fracking), 66
ice-ice (bacterial disease), 85
Ideal Plant, 101
IEA (International Energy Agency), 122–123
imagination, as a capacity to build during early formal education, 195
Impossible Labs, 135, 179
IMTA (integrated multi-trophic aquaculture), 83–84
In Defense of Degrowth (Kallis), 161
infrastructure, 42, 43–46
integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), 83–84
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 202
International Energy Agency (IEA), 122–123
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World without Work (Srnicek and Williams), 36, 182–183
invisible, visualization of the, as a capacity to build during early formal education, 193–194
Irvine, Peter, 231–232, 233–234, 235–236
Jamaica, 220–222
Jameson, Fredric, 160
Jankowski, Tito, 135, 179
Johannessen, Sophia, 112, 113
Johnson, Elizabeth, 184–185
Jones, Anthony, 215–216
Jones, Janet, 44–45
Jospe, Christophe, 174–175, 177–179, 180–181
Kallis, Giorgios, 160–161
In Defense of Degrowth, 161
Karuturi, 61–62
Kearnes, Matthew, 96, 114
Keith, David, 38
kelp. See also seaweed
converting into biocrude, 81
growing, 79–80
kelp farm concept, 80–81
Kernza, 97–98
Kilimanjaro Energy, 168
Kingston, Jamaica, 220–222
Kirby, Julia
Only Humans Need Apply: Winners and Losers in the Age of Smart Machines, 183
Kiss the Ground, 98–99
Klein, Naomi, 37, 243–244
This Changes Everything, 205–206
Kolbert, Elizabeth, 120
Kondratiev waves, 41
Kravitz, Ben, 214, 226, 229, 232
labor
affective, 171
machine, 181–184
nature’s, 184–185
nonhuman, 184–185
people ’s, 186–187
robotic, 182
rural, 170–172
tech, 173–181
Laboria Cuboniks, 36–37
Lackner, Klaus, 128–129, 130–133, 191
land, scarcity of, 62–63
Land Institute, 97
land rush, relationship with biofuel boom, 60
LanzaTech, 67–68
Lave, Rebecca, 100, 167
Le Billon, Phillippe, 198, 200–201
learning, 188–196
Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, 144–145
Li, Tania, 62
lignite coal, 120–121
Long Root Ale, 97–98
Louisiana, 200
Lovins, L. Hunter
A Finer Future: Creating an Economy in Service to Life, 100
Macdonald, Robie
“Geoengineering with Seagrasses: Is Credit Due where Credit Is Given?,” 112
MacDowell, Niall, 68–69
machine intelligence, problems with employing, 226
machine labor, 181–184
MacMartin, Doug, 226–229, 229–230, 232
Macroalgae Research Inspiring Novel Energy Resources (MARINER) program, 78
Makepeace, Finian, 98–99
Malm, Andreas, 35
Mann, Geoff
Climate Leviathan, 205
Marchetti, Cesare, 124
Marine BioEnergy, 80–81
Marine Cloud Brightening Project, 212–216, 238–239
MARINER (Macroalgae Research Inspiring Novel Energy Resources) program, 78
Marsh, Ben, 44–45
Marxist theory, 30
Mazzotti, Massimo, 222
McConnell, Charles, 201
McCusker, Kelly, 232
McNamee, Jason, 167, 169
megaprojects, 44–45
Microsoft’s AI for Earth initiative, 182
mining, 149
Mitchell, Timothy, 192
mitigation, 95
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America, 202
Moore, Jason W., 185, 244–245, 247–250
Moore, John, 225
Morton, Oliver, 233
The Planet Remade, 24, 232
mountains, 145–152, 153–156
multispecies empathy, as a capacity to build during early formal ed
ucation, 194
National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, 202
National Farmers Union, 202
nationalization, 206–207
natural carbon removal, 114–116
natural climate solutions, 95–97
Natural Resources Defense Council, 202
nature’s labor, 184–185
Neimark, Benjamin, 62
net negative, 6
Net Power, 126
nonhuman labor, 184–185
Nori, 173–178, 181
numeracy and scale, as a capacity to build during early formal education, 194–195
Nye, David, 46
Occidental, 127
ocean acidification, 235
ocean afforestation, 82
ocean farming, 82–83
ocean fertilization project, 167
Ocean Food and Energy Farm project (OFEF), 79–81
Ocean Foresters, 82–83, 85–86
ocean iron fertilization, 165, 166
ocean pastures, 168–169
ocean ranching, 168–169
oceans
atmospheric engineering on ocean planets, 235–236
cultivating, 75–92
food and energy forms, 79–81
Ghost Bar sketch, 88–92
ocean farming to carbon removal, 82–83
production, 83–87
seaweed, 76–79
seaweed cultivation, 83–87
O’Connor, Clare, 244
OFEF (Ocean Food and Energy Farm project), 79–81
off-shore wind turbines, 86
Ohlson, Kristin
The Soil Will Save Us, 102–103
oil
energy from, 192
prices of, 198–199
oil value chain, 198
Old Massett, 163–169
olivine, 146
One Size Fits None: A Farm Girl’s Search for Regenerative Agriculture (Anderson), 204
Only Humans Need Apply: Winners and Losers in the Age of Smart Machines (Davenport and Kirby), 183
Parker, Andy, 233–234
Patel, Raj, 244–245
Peabody Coal, 199
Peabody Energy, 199, 202
peak shaving scenario, 218–219
Pecan tree sketch, 137–140
people’s labor, 186–187
petroleum reserves, 55
phantom commodities, 62
Phillips, Leigh
Austerity Ecology and the Collapse-Porn Addicts: A Defence of Growth, Progress, Industry, and Stuff, 35–36
phosphorus, in coastal waters, 84–85
phytoplankton, 166
Pinkus, Karen, 172
Planetary Improvement (Goldstein), 35
The Planet Remade (Morton), 24, 232
plankton, 166
Planktos, 167
Pollan, Michael, 99
population bomb narrative, 60
Power, Nina, 207
premature deindustrialization, 182–183
programming
algorithmic governance, 222–225
atmospheric engineering on ocean planets, 235–236
best-case solar geoengineering, 236–239
designing, 229–235
keeping humans in the loop, 225–229
proof-of-stake system, 176
proof-of-work system, 176
protests, 240–242
pyrolysis, 103–104
radiative forcing, 4
Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life (Greenfield), 175–176
Ramon N’Yeurt, Antoine de, 82
reckoning
creativity, 247–251
taking account, 243–247
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), 110–111
regenerating
biochar, 103–106
blue carbon, 111–113
carbon farming, 97–103
natural carbon removal, 114–116
natural climate solutions, 95–97
planting forests, 106–111
regenerative agriculture, 98, 190–191
regenerative grazing, 99–100
“Regenerative Organic” certification scheme, 171
remineralization, 150
Remineralize the Earth, 150
renewable CCS, 126
reparations, 132
reparation ecology (Patel and Moore), 245
Reversapalooza, 173
Reversing Climate Change podcast, 179
Rickards, Lauren, 96, 114
road construction, biochar in, 104
Robinson, Kin Stanley, 160
robotic labor, 182
rock, turning gas into, 143–144
rocks for crops, 144–145, 149
Rodale, Robert, 98
rogue geoengineering, 163
Rosneft, 198
rural labor, 170–172
Sack, Kevin, 200
Salk Institute, 101
SaskPower, 119
Savory, Allan, 99–100
Savory Institute, 99–100
scale and numeracy, as a capacity to build during early formal education, 194–195
Schwartz, John, 200
sea level rise, 235
seagrass, carbon sequestration in, 112–113
seagrass meadows, 111, 113
seaweed. See also kelp
cultivating, 76–79, 83–87
regulation of, 85
risks of experimenting with for carbon removal, 86
secondary minerals, 146
second-generation biofuels, 65, 66–67
self-knowledge, as a capacity to build during early formal education, 195
sequestration
defined, 102
factors dependent on, 165–166
in seagrass meadows, 113
Shand Carbon Capture Test Facility, 119
Shell, 198, 202
SilverLining, 212–213
Singh, Neera, 171–172
Skrabec, Quentin, 56–57
slake aggregate stability test, 190
SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic), 197
soil carbon sequestration, 101, 102
soil health movement, 189
The Soil Will Save Us (Ohlson), 102–103
solar constant, 2
solar geoengineering. See also
geoengineering
about, 2
best-case, 236–239
limitations to, 26
methods of, 3–4
technology and, 41
temporal dimension of, 223
solar radiation, 2–3, 4
Solar Radiation Management Governance Initiative, 221–222
solar radiation management. See solar geoengineering
Srnicek, Nick
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World without Work, 36, 182–183
State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR), 197
STEM, 195–196
Stilgoe, Jack
Experiment Earth, 24, 40–41
stranding assets, 121
stratospheric aerosol injection, 3–4
Sunrise Movement, 40, 243
sustainable degrowth, 160–161
synthetic biology, 67–68
Szeman, Imre, 180
Taylor, Michael, 220
Taylorton, 121
tech companies, 204–205
tech labor, 173–181
technology
carbon capture and sequestration, 126
emerging, 41
Graeber on shift in, 30–31
solar geoengineering and, 41
termination shock, 233, 234
terra preta soils, 103–104
third-generation biofuels, 66–67
This Changes Everything (Klein), 205–206
Three Laws of Robotics, 226
3-D ocean farming, 83
time, buying
programming, 211–239
reckoning, 240–250
Trisos,
Christopher, 234–235, 236–238
Tsing, Anna, 249–250
Turner, Fred, 168
ultramafic silicate rock flour, 145–152
UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 93–94, 96
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 29–30, 85, 96
Unruh, John, 110
urchin barrens, 86
utopia, 159–160
vectoralist class, emergence of, 31
Wainwright, Joel
Climate Leviathan, 205
Wajcman, Judy, 183–184
Wanser, Kelly, 212–213, 215, 238–239
Wark, McKenzie, 31
waste management, 131, 132
weathering
enhanced, 148, 150
mountains, 145–152, 153–156
natural process of, 141
rocks for crops, 144–145
turning gas into rock, 143–144
ultramafic silicate rock flour, 145–152
Weeks, Kathi, 159
West, Joshua, 141–143, 145–146, 151
wetland restoration and protection, 111–112
Whole Earth Discipline (Brand), 186
Whyte, Kyle, 38, 166, 244, 250
Wilcox, Brian, 80–81
Wilcox, Howard, 79–80
Wilcox, Nancy, 80–81
Williams, Alex
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World without Work, 36, 182–183
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 159–160
Wong, Pak-Hang, 27
Wood, Robert, 212–213
working
machine labor, 181–184
nature’s labor, 184–185
people’s labor, 186–187
rural labor, 170–172
taking action, 163–169
tech labor, 173–181
in twenty-first century, 162
world-ecology, 185
xenofeminism, 36–37
Xenofeminist Manifesto, 36–37
Xi Xiao, 84–85
Y Combinator, 67
Yarish, Charles, 77–78, 84
Yusoff, Kathryn, 136–137