Operation Paperclip
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Jens Hermann: Caretaker, Castle Kransberg
Dr. Jens Westemeier: Historian, University of Potsdam
Egmont Koch: Journalist and author
Joe Houston: Civilian contributor, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command
Dr. Martin Johnson: Thalidomide Trust, England
Mark Campbell: former present of the Space Medicine Association
Steve Griffin: Chairman, National Space Club
Michael J. Neufeld: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, curator, Department of Space History
ARCHIVES
National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.
RG 549 Records of United States Army, Europe
RG 466 Records of the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany
RG 341 Records of Headquarters U.S. Air Force
RG 331 Records of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
RG 330 JIOA Foreign Scientist Case Files 1945–1958
RG 319 Records of the Investigative Records Repository Case Files
RG 319 Army Intelligence and Security Command
RG 319 Records of the Military Intelligence Division
RG 263 Records of the Central Intelligence Agency
RG 238 World War II War Crimes Records (“201 Files”)
RG 226 Records of the Office of Strategic Services
RG 218 Records of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff
RG 165 Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs
RG 153 Records of the Judge Advocate General (Army)
RG 65 Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
RG 59 General Records of the Department of State
U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa.
Papers of Brigadier General Charles E. Loucks
Photograph Collection of Charles E. Loucks
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Papers of the Office of Scientific Research and Development
Papers of the Veterans History Project
Harvard Law School Library, Cambridge, Ma.
Papers of Dr. Leopold Alexander
Harvard Medical School, Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Ma.
Papers of Robert J. Benford
Papers of Henry K. Beecher
Wright State University, Special Collections and Archives, Dayton, Oh.
Papers of Theodor Benzinger
Duke University Medical Center Archives, Durham, NC.
Papers of Dr. Leopold Alexander
Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Ca.
Papers of Boris Pash
Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, In.
Papers of Shirley Thomas
Pollak Library, California State University, Fullerton, Ca.
Papers of William Aalmans, Dora-Nordhausen trial
Mandeville Special Collections Library, UC San Diego, San Diego, Ca.
Papers of U.S. Army Air Forces, Aero Medical Center
Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Al.
Air Materiel Command Historical Study No. 214 & No. 215, History of AAF Participation in Project Paperclip (Exploitation of German Scientists)
Archives of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Ca.
Papers of Dr. Howard P. Robertson
Louis Salmon Library, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Al.
Papers of John Risen Jones Jr.
GERMAN ARCHIVES
Bundesarchiv Koblenz
Bundesarchiv Berlin: records of the former Berlin Document Center
Bundesarchiv Berlin-Lichterfelde
Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv Freiburg
Bundesarchiv Ludwigsburg
Bayerisches Staatsarchiv Nürnberg
Dachau concentration camp memorial site, archive and library, Dachau
Deutsches Museum archive, Munich
Wollheim Memorial, Fritz Bauer Institute, Frankfurt
The Agency of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi records (BStU)
PERSONAL PAPERS, BOOKS, AND UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS
Siegfried Knemeyer
Dr. Kurt Blome
Friedrich Hoffmann
Paul-Hermann Schieber
BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS
Alibek, Ken, with Stephen Handelman. Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World—Told from Inside by the Man Who Ran It. New York: Random House, 2000.
Allen, Michael T. The Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration Camps. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Andrus, Col. Burton C., with Desmond Zwar. I Was the Nuremberg Jailer. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1969.
Bar-Zohar, Michel. The Hunt for German Scientists. New York: Avon Books, 1970.
Baumbach, Werner. The Life and Death of the Luftwaffe: Germany’s “Lost Victories” of the Air by the Commander of Bomber Forces. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972.
Beevor, Antony. The Fall of Berlin 1945. New York: Penguin Books, 2002.
Benford, Robert J., M.D. Doctors in the Sky: The Story of the Aero Medical Association. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1955.
Blome, Götz. Bachflower Therapy: A Scientific Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 1999.
Blome, Kurt. Arzt im Kampf. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1942.
Bower, Tom. The Paperclip Conspiracy: The Hunt for the Nazi Scientists. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987.
Breitman, Richard, Norman J. W. Goda, Timonthy Naftali, and Robert Wolfe. U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Burrows, William E. This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age. New York: Modern Library, 1999.
Campbell, Mark R., Stanley R. Mohler, Viktor A. Harsch, and Denise Baisden. “Hubertus Strughold: The ‘Father of Space Medicine.’ ” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 7 (July 2007): 716–19.
Chertok, Boris E. Rockets and People. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Office, 2005.
Clifford, Clark. American Relations with the Soviet Union. Washington, D.C.: Special Counsel to the President, September 24, 1947.
Cornwell, John. Hitler’s Scientists: Science, War and the Devil’s Pact. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Covert, Norman M. Cutting Edge: A History of Fort Detrick, Maryland, 1943–1993. Frederick, Maryland: Headquarters, U.S. Army Garrison, 1994.
Deichmann, Ute. Biologists Under Hitler. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Diefendorf, Jeffry M., Axel Frohn, and Hermann-Josef Rupieper. American Policy and the Reconstruction of West Germany, 1945–1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Dolibois, John E. Pattern of Circles: An Ambassador’s Story. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1989.
Dornberger, Walter. V-2: The Nazi Rocket Weapon. New York: Ballantine Books, 1954.
Drummer, Heike, and Jutta Zwilling. Von Der Grüneburg Zum Campus Westend: Die Geschichte des IG Farben-Hauses. Frankfurt: Präsidium der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, 2007.
DuBois Jr., Josiah E. The Devil’s Chemists: 24 Conspirators of the International Farben Cartel Who Manufacture Wars. Boston: Beacon Press, 1952.
Dwork, Debórah, and Robert Jan van Pelt. Auschwitz: 1270 to the Present. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.
Eckart, Wolfgang U., ed. Man, Medicine, and the State: The Human Body as an Object of Government-Sponsored Medical Research in the 20th Century. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner, 2006.
Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin, 2009.
Feigin, Judy. The Office of Special Investigations: Striving for Accountability in the Aftermath of the Holocaust. Washington, D.C.: Department of Justice Criminal Division, December 1996.
Ferencz, Benjamin B. Less Than Slaves: Jewish Forced Labor and the Quest for Compensation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
, 2002.
Frankenthal, Hans. The Unwelcome One: Returning Home from Auschwitz. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2002.
Franklin, Thomas. An American in Exile: The Story of Arthur Rudolph. Huntsville, AL: Christopher Kaylor Company, 1987.
Frei, Norbert. Adenauer’s Germany and the Nazi Past: The Politics of Amnesty and Integration. Translated by Joel Golb. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Gehlen, Reinhard. The Service: The Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen. Translated by David Irving. New York: Popular Library, 1972.
Gimbel, John. Science, Technology, Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Goudsmit, Samuel A. Alsos. Los Angeles and San Francisco: Tomash Publishers, 1983.
Groehler, Olaf. Der Lautlose Tod: Einsatz und Entwicklung deutscher Giftgase von 1914 bis 1945. Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1989.
Hager, Thomas. The Alchemy of Air: A Jewish Genius, a Doomed Tycoon, and the Scientific Discovery That Fed the World but Fueled the Rise of Hitler. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2008.
______.The Demon Under the Microscope: From Battlefield Hospitals to Nazi Labs, One Doctor’s Heroic Search for the World’s First Miracle Drug. New York: Harmony Books, 2006.
Halberstam, David. The Fifties. New York: Random House, 1993.
Harris, Robert, and Jeremy Paxman. A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret History of Chemical and Biological Warfare. New York: Random House, 2002.
Heigl, Peter. Nuremberg Trials. Amberg: Druckhaus Oberpfalz, 2007.
Henkel, Matthias, and Hans-Christian Taubrich. Memorium Nuremberg Trials. Museen det stadt Nürnberg, 2012.
Hersh, Seymour M. Chemical & Biological Warfare: America’s Hidden Arsenal. New York: Anchor Books, 1969.
Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
Hitler, Adolf. Reden und Proklamationen, 1932–1945. Edited by Max Domarus. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2003.
______. Hitler’s Second Book: The Unpublished Sequel to Mein Kampf. Translated by Krista Smith. Edited by Gerhard L. Weinberg. New York: Enigma Books, 2003.
______.Table Talk, 1941–1944: His Private Conversations. Translated by Norman Cameron and R. H. Stevens. Edited by H .R. Trevor-Roper. London: Enigma Books, 2000.
Howard, Michael. Otherwise Occupied: Letters Home from the Ruins of Nazi Germany. United Kingdom: Old Street Publishing Ltd., 2010.
Hunt, Linda. Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1944–1990. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991.
Huzel, Dieter K. Peenemünde to Canaveral. United States: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1962.
Irving, David. The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe: The Life of Field Marshal Ernhard Milch. Focal Point, 2002.
Isaacson, Walter, and Evan Thomas. The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.
Jacobsen, Annie. Area 51: An Uncensored History of America’s Top Secret Military Base. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2011.
Jeffreys, Diarmuid. Hell’s Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler’s War Machine. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2008.
Karman, Theodore von. Where We Stand: A Report Prepared for the AAF Scientific Advisory Group. Dayton, OH: Headquarters, Air Materiel Command, Publications Branch, Intelligence T-2, May 1946.
Kershaw, Ian. The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1944–1945. New York: Penguin, 2011.
Kleber, Brooks E., and Dale Birdsell. The Chemical Warfare Service: Chemicals in Combat. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1990. The series title was United States Army in World War II: The Technical Services.
Koch, Egmont R., and Michael Wech. Deckname Artischocke: Die geheimen Menschenversuche der CIA. Munich: C. Bertelsmann Verlag, 2002.
Koritz, Thomas F. USAF Pilot/Physician Program: History, Current Program, and Proposals for the Future. Brooks Air Force Base, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, July 1989.
Krause, Joachim, and Charles K. Mallory. Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine: Military and Historical Experience, 1915–1991. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992.
Lasby, Clarence G. Project Paperclip: German Scientists and the Cold War. New York: Atheneum, 1971.
Lebert, Norbert, and Stephan Lebert. My Father’s Keeper: Children of Nazi Leaders—An Intimate History of Damage and Denial. Translated by Julian Evans. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001.
Lifton, Robert Jay. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
Lockwood, Jeffrey A. Six-Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Longden, Sean. T-Force: The Race for Nazi War Secrets, 1945. London: Constable & Robinson Ltd., 2009.
Longerich, Peter. Heinrich Himmler. Translated by Jeremy Noakes and Lesley Sharpe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Lord, M. G. Astro Turf: The Private Life of Rocket Science. New York: Walker & Company, 2006.
Mackowski, Maura Phillips. Testing the Limits: Aviation Medicine and the Origins of Manned Space Flight. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2006.
Marks, John. The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate”: The CIA and Mind Control: The Secret History of the Behavioral Sciences. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991.
Mauroni, Albert J. Chemical and Biological Warfare: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.
McGovern, James. Crossbow & Overcast. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1965.
Melchior, Ib. Case by Case: A U.S. Army Counterintelligence Agent in World War II. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1993.
______.Order of Battle: Hitler’s Werewolves. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1991.
Michel, Ernest W. Promises to Keep: One Man’s Journey Against Incredible Odds. New York: Barricade Books, 1993.
Michel, Jean, and Louis Nucera. Dora: The Nazi Concentration Camp Where Modern Space Technology Was Born and 30,000 Prisoners Died. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1979.
Miller, Judith, Stephen Engelberg, and William Broad. Germs: Biological Weapons and America’s Secret War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Mole, Robert L., and Dale M. Mole. For God & Country. New York: Teach Services, Inc., 1998.
Moreno, Jonathan D. Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1999.
Nachama, Andreas. Topography of Terror—Gestapo, SS, and Reich Security Main Office on Wilhelm-and Prinz Albrecht-Strasse. Berlin: Stiftung Topagraphie des Terrors, 2010.
Naimar, Norman M. The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1997.
Nelson, Donald M. Arsenal of Democracy: The Story of American War Production. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1946.
Neufeld, Michael J. Creating a Memory of the German Rocket Program for the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: NASA Special Publications, 2008.
______.The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemunde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. New York: The Free Press, 1995.
______.Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007.
Newell, Homer E., Jr. Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1980.
O’Donnell, James P. The Bunker: The History of the Reich Chancellery Group. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1978.
Oleynikov, Pavel V. “German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project.” The Nonproliferation Review 7, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 1–30.
Ordway, Frederick I. III, and Mitchell R. Sharpe. The Rocket Team. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1979.
Overy, Richard. Interrogations: The Nazi Elite in Allied Hands, 1945. New York: Penguin, 2002.
Pash, Boris T. The Alsos Mission. New York: Charter Books, 1969.
Pendas, Devin O. The Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, 1963–196
5. Genocide, History, and the Limits of the Law. New York: Cambridge University Press,
Pogue, Forrest C. U.S. Army in World War II, European Theatre of Operations, the Supreme Command. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1954.
Regis, Ed. The Biology of Doom: The History of America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999.
Ryan, Allan A. Jr. Quiet Neighbors: Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals in America. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984.
Samuel, Wolfgang W. E. American Raiders: The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe’s Secrets. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2004.
Sasuly, Richard. IG Farben. New York: Boni & Gaer, 1947.
Sayer, Ian, and Douglas Botting, with the London Sunday Times. Nazi Gold: The Biggest Robbery in History. New York: Grove Press, 1986.
______.The Untold Story of the Counter Intelligence Corps, America’s Secret Army. New York: Franklin Watts, 1989.
Scalia, Joseph M. Germany’s Last Mission to Japan: The Failed Voyage of U-234. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000.
Schmaltz, Florian. The Death Toll at the Buna/Monowitz Concentration Camp. Frankfurt am Main: J. W. Goethe-Universität, 2010.
Schmidt, Amy, and Gudrun Loehrer. The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2008.
Schmidt, Ulf. Justice at Nuremberg: Leo Alexander and the Nazi doctors’ trial. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
______.Karl Brandt: The Nazi Doctor: Medicine and Power in the Third Reich. London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007.
Schwartz, Thomas A. America’s Germany: John J. McCloy and the Federal Republic of Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.
Sereny, Gitta. Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Shirer, William L. End of a Berlin Diary. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1947.
______.The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960.
Simpson, Christopher. Blowback: The First Full Account of America’s Recruitment of Nazis and Its Disastrous Effects on Our Domestic and Foreign Policy. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998.
Smith, Bradley F. Adolf Hitler: His Family, Childhood, and Youth. Palo Alto, CA: Hoover Institution Press/Stanford University, 1986.