[1044] Brent W. Roberts, Oleksandr S. Chernyshenko, Stephen Stark, and Lewis S. Goldberg, “The Structure of Conscientiousness: An Empirical Investigation Based on Seven Major Personality Questionnaires,” Personnel Psychology 58 (2005): 103–139.
[1045] Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: Free Press, 1995).
[1046] Kajuju Murori, “Just Like Corruption, Nepotism Also Strains Africa’s Growth,” African Exponent (June 27, 2016).
https://www.africanexponent.com/post/7434-just-like-corruption-nepotism-also-strains-africas-growth
[1047] Anne Morrow Lindbergh, War Within and Without: Diaries and Letters of Anne Morrow Lindbergh (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), 220–239.
[1048] Kevin MacDonald, “Campaign Against Me by the Southern Poverty Law Center,” kevinmacdonald.net.
http://www.kevinmacdonald.net/Beirich.htm
[1049] John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, “The Israel Lobby,” London Review of Books 28, no. 6 (March 23, 2006): 3–12.
https://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n06/john-mearsheimer/the-israel-lobby
[1050] Eve Fairbanks, “A Hot Paper Muzzles Academia,” Los Angeles Times (May14, 2006).
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-14-op-fairbanks14-story.html
[1051] Stephen J. Ceci, Wendy M. Williams, and Katrin Mueller-Johnson, “Is Tenure Justified? An Experimental Study of Faculty Beliefs about Tenure, Promotion, and Academic Freedom,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 6 (2006): 553–594, 565,
[1052] Fairbanks, “A Hot Paper Muzzles Academia.”
[1053] MacDonald, The Culture of Critique.
[1054] Robert Trivers, Social Evolution (Benjamin-Cummings, 1985).
[1055] Leon Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1957).
[1056] Margaret Hefferman, Willful Blindness (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012).
[1057]
[1058] Salter, On Genetic Interests.
[1059] MacDonald, “An Integrative Evolutionary Perspective on Ethnicity.”
[1060] J. Philippe Rushton, “Genetic Similarity Theory and the Nature of Ethnocentrism,” in Kristiaan Thienpont and Robert Cliquet (eds.) In-group/Out-group Behavior in Modern Societies: An Evolutionary Perspective (The Hague, Netherlands: Vlaamse Gemeenschap/CBGS, 1999): 75–107.
[1061] Susan T. Fiske, “Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination,” in Daniel Todd Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey (eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology, 4th ed., Vol. 2 (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 1998): 357–411.
[1062] H. Robert Outten, Michael T. Schmitt, and Daniel A. Miller, “Feeling Threatened about the Future: Whites' Emotional Reactions to Anticipated Ethnic Demographic Changes,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38 (2011): 14–25.
[1063] Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present (New York: Harper, 1980); see also: Kevin MacDonald, “The Academic Left’s Involvement in Politics, The Occidental Observer (February 1, 2010).
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2010/02/01/kevin-macdonald-the-activist-lefts-involvement-in-politics/
[1064] Fox News, “New York Times Stands by New Tech Writer” (August 2, 2018).
https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/new-york-times-stands-by-new-tech-writer-sarah-jeong-after-racist-tweets-surface
Michelle Goldberg, “We Can Replace Them,” The New York Times (October 29, 2018).
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/opinion/stacey-abrams-georgia-governor-election-brian-kemp.html
Rod Dreher, “Classics Studies: No Country for White Men,” The American Conservative (January 30, 2019).
https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/classics-studies-no-country-for-white-men/
Lindsey Bever, “CNN’s Don Lemon Doubles Down after Saying White Men Are ‘the Biggest Terror Threat in This Country,’” Washington Post (October 31, 2018).
https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2018/10/31/cnn-host-don-lemon-said-White-men-are-biggest-terror-threat-this-country/?utm_term=.7512d32960f4
[1065] Mark Point, “Racism on the Rise,” American Thinker (November 6, 2018).
https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2018/11/racism_on_the_rise.html
[1066] Pew Research Center, “Race in America, 2019” (April 9, 2019),
https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2019/04/09/race-in-america-2019/
[1067] Claire Brockway and Carroll Doherty, “Growing Share of Republicans Say U.S. Risks Losing Its Identity If It Is Too Open to Foreigners,” Pew Research Center (July 17, 2019).
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/07/17/growing-share-of-republicans-say-u-s-risks-losing-its-identity-if-it-is-too-open-to-foreigners/
[1068] Kiana Cox, “Most U.S. Adults Feel What Happens to Their Own Racial or Ethnic Group Affects Them Personally,” Pew Research Center (July 11, 2019).
Paraphrased, the poll asked “Does what happens to your racial or ethnic group in the U.S. affect overall what happens in your own life?”
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/07/11/linked-fate-connectedness-americans/
[1069] MacDonald, “An Integrative Evolutionary Perspective on Ethnicity.”
[1070] MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents.
[1071] M. Eckehart, How Sweden Became Multicultural (Helsingborg, Sweden: Logik Förlag, 2017);
F. Roger Devlin, “The Origins of Swedish Multiculturalism: A Review of M. Eckehart’s How Sweden Became Multicultural,” The Occidental Observer (September 9, 2017).
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2017/09/23/the-origins-of-swedish-multiculturalism/
Kevin MacDonald, “The Jewish Origins of Multiculturalism in Sweden,” The Occidental Observer (January 14, 2013).
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2013/01/14/the-jewish-origins-of-multiculturalism-in-sweden/
[1072] Noah Carl, “Tolerance of Inter-Ethnic Relationships in Europe,” @NoahCarl (July 227, 2019).
https://medium.com/@NoahCarl/tolerance-of-inter-ethnic-relationships-in-europe-c27bda8a25e1
[1073] Aksel Sandemose (1899–1965) in his novel En Flyktning Krysser Sitt Spor (A Fugitive Crosses His Tracks, 1933). Although originating in a work of fiction, the Jante Laws have been widely recognized by Scandinavians as accurately reflecting a mindset typical of their society.
[1074] Christopher H. Boehm, Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
[1075] Eric A. Smith, Kim Hill, Frank Marlowe, D. Nolin, Polly Wiessner, P, M. Gurven, S. Bowles, Monique Borgerhoff-Mulder, T. Hertz, and A. Bell, “Wealth Transmission and Inequality Among H-gs,” Current Anthropology 51, no. 10 (2010):19–34.
[1076] “Lawyers Blame Groupthink in Sweden's Worst Miscarriage of Justice,” The Guardian (June 5, 2015).
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/05/groupthink-sweden-miscarriage-of-justice-sture-bergwall
[1077] See Kevin MacDonald, “Pathological Altruism on Steroids in Sweden,” The Occidental Observer (April 4, 2015).
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2015/04/29/pathological-altruism-on-steroids-in-sweden/
[1078] Frank K. Salter, Welfare, Ethnicity, and Altruism: New Data and Evolutionary Theory (London: Routledge, 2005).
[1079] Kevin MacDonald, “Racial Conflict and the Health Care Bill, “The Occidental Observer (March 3, 2010).
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2010/03/26/kevin-macdonald-racial-conflict-and-the-health-care-bill/
[1080] Ingrid Carlqvist, “I Want My Country Back,” speech given at the International Civil Liberties Alliance in the European Parliament, Brussels (July 9, 2012); emphasis in original.
https://www.trykkefrihed.dk/i-want-my-country-back.htm
[1081] Henrik Höjer, “Segregation Is Increasing in Sweden,” Forsting & Framsted (May, 29, 2015) (edited Google translation).
https://fof.se/artikel/segregationen-okar
[1082] One mig
ht think that because of the importance of conformity, Scandinavian cultures would not be not prone to producing geniuses—phenotypic outliers who create novel ideas and inventions. However, a rough per capita ranking (based on 2018 populations) of Nobel Prizes in the sciences (chemistry, physics, and physiology or medicine) indicates that Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) have a ranking comparable to other northwestern European countries, and higher than France or Germany. These results are not substantially altered by excluding Jewish laureates (only two of whom resided in a Scandinavian country). The results for Finland are comparable to France, and slightly higher if one excludes Jewish laureates living in France.
The reason perhaps is that scientific communities in the hard sciences (but not in many of the social sciences) are not moral communities. Dissenters may be treated as eccentric or none-too-smart, but they are not vilified as moral reprobates.
“List of Countries by Nobel Laureates Per Capita,” Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Nobel_laureates_per_capita
[1083] Edward Dutton, The Silent Rape Epidemic: How the Finns Were Groomed to Love Their Abusers (Oulu, Finland: Thomas Edward Press, 2019), 25.
[1084] Kirsi Warpula, “Eastern Finnish Families on the Borderland of Historical Family Forms,” History of the Family 7, no. 3 (2002): 315–326.
[1085] For an exhaustive account, see Richard Houck, “Words Like Violence: The Left’s Total War on Freedom of Speech,” Ch. I of Part 2 of Liberalism Unmasked (London: Arktos, 2018), 55–85.
[1086] See, e.g., Jeremy Waldron, The Harm in Hate Speech (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012).
[1087] J. J. Goldberg notes that “within the world of liberal organizations like the ACLU and People for the American Way, Jewish influence is so profound that non-Jews sometimes blur the distinction between them and the formal Jewish community.”
J. J. Goldberg, Jewish Power: Inside the American Jewish Establishment (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996), 46.
[1088] Mark Hemingway, “Want to Defend Civil Liberties? Don’t Look to the ACLU,” The Weekly Standard (June 29, 2018).
https://www.weeklystandard.com/mark-hemingway/the-aclu-gives-up-on-free-speech-and-the-first-amendment
[1089] “Inherit the Wind (play),” Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(play)#Background
[1090] Kevin MacDonald, “Jerry Kammer: The SPLC Depends on Jewish Donors,” The Occidental Observer (March 18, 2010).
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2010/03/18/kevin-macdonald-jerry-kammer-on-the-splc-2/
[1091] Kevin MacDonald, “The Hate Crimes Prevention Bill: Why Do Jewish Organizations Support It?,” VDare.com (May 11, 2009).
https://vdare.com/articles/the-hate-crimes-prevention-bill-why-do-jewish-organizations-support-it
[1092] Kevin MacDonald, “Joe McCarthy and the Jews,” review of Jewish Organizations’ Response to Communism and Senator McCarthy, by Aviva Weingarten (2008), The Occidental Quarterly 19, no. 1 (Spring, 2019): 97–105.
[1093] Eric P. Kaufmann, The Rise and Fall of Anglo-America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004).
[1094] Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, 2002; orig. published: Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), Ch. 3.
[1095] Ibid., Ch. 4.
[1096] These outcomes are emphasized by Anne Case and Angus Deaton in their influential paper, “Mortality and Morbidity in the 21st Century,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (March 2017).
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/6_casedeaton.pdf
[1097] Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (New York: Free Press, 1994).
[1098] Figueredo et al., “The Psychometric Assessment of Human Life History Strategy.”
[1099] Norman Podhoretz, “In the Matter of Pat Robertson,” Commentary (August, 1995): 28–32, 30
[1100] MacDonald, The Culture of Critique, 147, 149.
[1101] J. Philippe Rushton, Race, Evolution, and Behavior: A Life History Perspective (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1994).
[1102] Michael Patrick Dunne, Nicholas G. Martin, and Andrew C. Heath, “Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variance in Age at First Sexual Intercourse,” Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (January 1997): 211–216.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00414.x
[1103] Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jencks, “Was Moynihan Right?,” Education Next 15, no. 2 (Spring 2015).
http://educationnext.org/was-moynihan-right/
[1104] Charles Murray, Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010 (New York: Crown Forum, 2012).
[1105] Case and Deaton, “Mortality and Morbidity in the 21st Century.”
[1106] Lawrence Mishel, Elise Gould, and Josh Bivens, “Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts,” Economic Policy Institute (January 6, 2015).
www.epi.org/publication/charting-wage-stagnation/
[1107] Case and Deaton, “Mortality and Morbidity in the 21st Century.”
As noted below, studies based on more recent data find surges in mortality among Blacks and Hispanics due to opioids.
[1108] Gina Kolata and Sarah Cohen, “Drug Overdoses Propel Rise in Mortality Rates of Young Whites,” The New York Times (January 16, 2016).
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/science/drug-overdoses-propel-rise-in-mortality-rates-of-young-Whites.html?_r=0
[1109] “Opioids and Obesity, Not ‘Despair Deaths,’ Raising Mortality Rates for White Americans,” Science Daily (July 20, 2017).
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170720142334.htm
[1110] While earlier studies found that mortality was higher among Whites, particularly working-class Whites living in rural areas, more recent studies have shown increases in mortality in Black and Hispanic populations and in urban areas. See, e.g.: Marisa Peñaloza, “The Opioid Crisis Is Surging in the Black, Urban Communities,” NPR (March 8, 2018).
https://www.npr.org/2018/03/08/579193399/the-opioid-crisis-frightening-jump-to-black-urban-areas
[1111] Kevin MacDonald, “Opioids and the Crisis of the White Working Class,” The Occidental Quarterly 18, no. 1 (Spring, 2018): 41–56.
[1112] “Sources and Burden of Opioids,” National Institute for Health Care Management Foundation (December, 2018). The study is based on data as of 2017.
https://nihcm.org/categories/sources-and-burden-of-opioid-deaths
[1113] Jerry Kammer, “The Hart-Celler Immigration Act of 1965,” Center for Immigration Studies (September 30, 2015).
https://cis.org/Report/HartCeller-Immigration-Act-1965
[1114] MacDonald, “Neoconservatism as a Jewish Movement.”
[1115] Theodore Mommsen, The History of Rome, Vol. 2, trans. W. P. Dickson (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1894), 386.
[1116] Ibid., 403–404.
[1117] Charles Murray, Human Accomplishment: The Pursuit of Excellence in the Arts and Sciences (New York: Harper Perennial, 2004).
[1118] Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 1998; orig. published: Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), Ch. 6.
[1119] Ricardo Duchesne, The Uniqueness of Western Civilization (Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 2011).
[1120] This disputatious tendency of the West does not fit well with egalitarian individualism with its emphasis on conformity and on punishing those whose talents make them stand out from others. As in so many areas, Western culture is a complex blend of egalitarian individualism and aristocratic individualism. However, as noted in Chapter 6, after the strong group controls of Puritanism declined, some people of Puritan descent, such as Benjamin Tucker, became radical individualists; see section labelled
Libertarian Anarchists.
Moreover, until quite recently with the rise of the intellectual left in areas such as IQ and race differences, scientific areas have not been analysable as moral communities, so that people were free to disagree without dire consequences to their reputation either by being automatically impugned as incompetent or as a moral reprobate. Dissenters may be treated as eccentric or none-too-smart, but they are not vilified as evil.
[1121] Donald T. Campbell, “Plausible Coselection of Belief by Referent: All the ‘Objectivity’ that Is Possible,” Perspectives on Science 1 (1993): 88–108, 93
[1122] Donald T. Campbell, “Science’s Social System of Validity-enhancing Collective Belief Change and the Problems of the Social Sciences,” in Donald W. Fiske and Richard A. Shweder (eds.), Metatheory in Social Science: Pluralisms and Subjectivities (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1986): 108–135, 121–122.
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