The Future Is Asian
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Illustration Credits
viii Map by Jeff Blossom
8 Graphic by Casey Kalman
10 Source: World Bank; graphic by Casey Kalman
13 Source: World Trade Organization; graphic by Casey Kalman
149 Source: United Nations; graphic by Casey Kalman
151 Source: OAG; map by Jeff Blossom
155 Source: United Nations, Atlas of Eco
nomic Complexity; graphic by Casey Kalman
177 Source: World Bank; map by Jeff Blossom
191 Source: CIA World Factbook; graphic by Casey Kalman
203 Source: World Bank; graphic by Casey Kalman
303 Source: World Bank, Economist Intelligence Unit; graphic by Casey Kalman
Index
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Page numbers in italics refer to maps and charts.
Aadhar universal ID card, 187
Abbasid Caliphate, 36, 38, 69
Abbott, Tony, 128
Abe, Shinzo, 63, 132, 155
Abu Dhabi, 100, 103
art scene in, 342
film industry and, 348
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, 102
Achaemenid people, 30, 32
ADNOC, 103
Afghanistan, 9, 16, 47, 106–7, 116
Asian trade of, 107
China and, 116, 117
India and, 118
Soviet invasion of, 58, 59
Taliban takeover of, 62
US invasion of, 3, 62, 113
Africa, 68, 261–68
Asian investments in, 262–63, 264, 266
Asian trade with, 261, 264–65
China and, 261, 262, 263–65, 266
Chinese debt of, 263–64
Chinese immigrants in, 263
corruption in, 267
Dubai as offshore hub of, 261
food imports of, 266
India and, 264–66
Indian migration to, 265
Japan and, 265
overpopulation in, 266
Southeast Asia and, 264
Soviets and, 261
West and, 261
see also specific countries
African Development Bank, 266
agriculture:
East Asian spread of, 29
West Asian origins of, 28
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 62
Air Asia, 121–22
AI research, in Asia, 98, 174, 199–200
airline routes, in Asia, 156
Akbar, Mughal emperor, 70–71
Akkadian Empire, 29
Aleppo, 28
Alexander III, king of Macedon, 32, 68
Alibaba, 85–86, 104, 134, 154, 167–68, 173, 184, 188–89, 193, 198, 199, 202, 210, 244, 318, 319, 321
Al Jazeera International, 314, 331
Al Qaeda, 62, 117
alternative energy, 17, 19, 84, 97, 101, 109, 141, 175, 178–80, 182
Asia and, 17, 112
alternative energy programs, 17, 19, 84, 97, 109, 141, 175, 178–80, 182
Amazon, 193, 198, 210, 348
Amu Darya River, 67
Anatolia (Asia Minor), 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 38, 41, 92
see also Turkey, Republic of
Angkor Wat, 70, 239
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 50
Ankara, 49
anticolonial movements, 74
anti-Semitism, 97
Apple, 198, 320
Aqaba, 97, 99
Arab Americans, 217, 218
Arabian Peninsula, 36, 50
Arabic script, 69
Arab-Israeli conflict, 54, 57, 101
Arab League, 54
Arabs, Arab world, 11, 68, 72, 73, 76
Asia and, 96
Chinese investments in, 103
in Europe, 253, 255
global image of, 331
in Latin America, 276
US and, 100–101
youth unemployment in, 204–5
Arab uprisings (2011), 91, 255, 314
Arab world, Asia and, 96
Arafat, Yassir, 62
Arctic, Asian gas exploration in, 249
Argentina, 272
Asian trade with, 272
Aristotle, 37
Armenia, 59
Armstrong, Karen, 220
artificial intelligence (AI), 98, 174, 199–200
in governance, 318–19
Art of War, The (Sun Tzu), 31
arts, in Asia, 341–43
ASEAN, see Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASEAN–China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), 154
ASEAN Regional Forum, 9, 60, 127
Ashdod, 99
Ashoka, Mauryan emperor, 33, 35
Asia:
Americans in, 229–35
ancient, 28–36, 239
Asian cross-border investment in, 156
branding of, 330–33
as coherent regional system, 5, 6–7, 8–11, 8, 15, 120, 140, 151–58, 352
in Cold War era, 51–58, 138
cross-regional investments in, 113–20
cultural and commercial exchange in, 29–30, 32, 33, 34–39, 68–72
in era of European imperialism, 43–51, 73–75
ethnic and cultural diversity of, 78, 330
expansionist period in, 36–43
GDP of, 2, 4
geographic extent of, 1, 5–6
geopolitical flashpoints in, 11
historical self-knowledge as lacking in, 75
IDI rankings of, 150
internal ignorance about, 24, 352
migration in, 46, 69, 74, 188, 333–37
mixture of democracy and authoritarianism in, 309
modern reawakening of, 58–63
as multipolar, 15–16, 20, 75–76, 78, 137
nomenclature of, 6, 9, 67–68
population of, 1, 4, 5
postcolonial affinities of, 330
PPP of, 2, 9, 10
precolonial connectivity of, 72–73
preference for stability over democracy in, 309–13
return of international students and workers to, 226–27
third growth wave in, 147–51
US military presence in, 137, 138
see also specific countries and subregions
Asia-Africa Growth Corridor, 266
Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), 241
Asia Minor, see Anatolia
Asian Americans, 217–18, 225–26, 228–29
academic achievements of, 219
Asian domestic politics and, 222
in athletics, 220
in politics, 221
real-estate industry and, 224
in US economy, 218
see also specific ethnicities
Asian Development Bank (ADB), 9, 109, 110, 150, 199
Asian Games, 330
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), 8, 9, 63, 94, 97, 109–10, 243, 323
Asianization:
of Asia, 9, 80–91, 106, 120, 127–31, 330, 333
of global civilization, 21–24, 345–51
“Asianization of Asia” (Funabashi), 8–9
Asian Journal of Social Science, 352
Asians:
in Europe, 253–58
in return to Asia, 226–27
in US colleges and universities, 224–27
Asia Times, 353
Asia Week, 353
Assad, Bashar al-, 87, 106, 142, 310
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 54, 60, 63, 87, 102, 121, 125, 126, 141, 154, 156, 161, 208, 250, 264, 273, 277, 338
Australia’s possible joining of, 129
financial markets in, 167
see also Southeast Asia
Assyria, 29
Astana, 111
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 49, 91
Aung San, 49
Aung San Suu Kyi, 63
Australia:
alternative energy programs in, 180, 182
Asian immigrants in, 129–30
Asianization of, 81, 127–31
Asian trading partners of, 128–29
China and, 127–31
Chinese hegemony resist
ed by, 19–20
exports of, 175
tourism in, 129
US and, 128
Western ties to, 127, 128, 131
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ), 131
Australian Open, 131
automation, 193–94
automobile industry, 210–12, 227–28
aviation industry, 211
Azerbaijan, 59, 140
infrastructure investment in, 191
oil and gas exports of, 190–91
Babur, Mughal emperor, 41
Babylon, 28, 29
Bactria, 30, 33, 35
Baekje Kingdom, 34
Baghdad, 37, 40
Bahrain, 104
Baidu, 167–68, 171, 188, 198, 199, 208, 226
Baku, 191
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, 92
Bamiyan, Buddha statues of, 68
Bangalore, 245
Bangladesh, 55, 118, 122, 185, 302, 334
economic growth of, 187
Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor, 119
Bank of Japan, 132
Batavia, 45
Beatles, 331
Beijing, art scene in, 342
Bell, Daniel, 301
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 1–2, 14, 18, 19, 63, 85, 105, 108, 109, 110, 113, 117, 126, 133, 138, 143, 147, 156, 212, 242, 243, 247, 262
Bengal, 35, 36, 38, 46, 55
see also Bangladesh
Bengal, Bay of, 39
Benioff, Marc, 331
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 313
Bhutan, 46, 119, 182
eco-tourism in, 340
Bihar, 186
billionaires, in Asia, 160
Biruni, Al-, 37
blockchain-based currencies, intra-Asian trade and, 157
blockchain business models, 174
Bollywood, 349–51
Bolshevik Revolution, 49
bonds, in Asia, 163, 164, 167
Books Kinokuniya, 133
border disputes, 113, 119, 120, 139
in Kashmir, 53, 55, 61, 77–78, 117–18
Boxer Rebellion, 47
Brahmaputra River, 118, 182
Brazil, 272, 350
Asian economic ties to, 274, 276–77
Asian immigrants in, 276
Brexit, 127, 232, 247, 252, 283–84, 286, 293–94
British East India Company, 46
Bronze Age, 29
Brown, Jerry, 178
Buddha, 31
Buddhists, Buddhism, 32, 37, 38, 40, 68, 69, 70–71, 182, 316, 332
in Southeast Asia, 121
spread of, 33–35
Tibetan diaspora of, 120
in US, 220