Delphi Complete Works of Dio Chrysostom

by Dio Chrysostom

  [7] But clearly it is not the place where you are nor this going abroad that affords an escape from doing sundry trivial things, nor is it even one’s having retired to Corinth or to Thebes, but rather the being occupied with one’s own self, when one so wishes. For in Thebes and in Megara, yes, anywhere almost that one may go, whether in Greece or in Italy, it is possible for one to live in idleness and to take one’s ease; and one will not lack a pretext, wherever he happens to be, for spending quite a good deal of time, if it so happens, in busying one’s self with affairs as well as in loafing.

  [8] τύχῃ. μὴ οὖν βελτίστη ᾖ καὶ λυσιτελεστάτη πασῶν ἡ εἰς αὑτὸν ἀναχώρησις καὶ τὸ προσέχειν τοῖς αὑτοῦ πράγμασιν, ἐάν τ̓ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι τύχῃ τις ὢν ἐάν τ̓ Ἀθήνησιν ἐάν τ̓ ἐν στρατοπέδῳ ἐάν τ̓ ἐν νήσῳ μικρᾷ καὶ μόνος. αἱ γὰρ τοιαῦται ἀναχωρήσεις καὶ ἀποδημίαι μικράν τινα ἔχουσι ῥοπὴν πρὸς τὸ σχολὴν ἄγειν καὶ τὸ πράττειν τὰ δέοντα: ὥσπερ τοῖς ἀσθενοῦσιν ἐφ̓ ἑτέρας καὶ ἑτέρας κλίνας κατακλίνεσθαι φέρει μέν τινα ἐνίοτε μικρὰν

  [8] I am therefore inclined to think that the best and most profitable kind of retirement is retirement into oneself and giving attention to one’s own concerns, whether one happens to be in Babylon, or in Athens, or in a military camp, or alone on a little island. For retirements and sojournings abroad of the kind we have mentioned conduce very little to one’s having leisure and doing only what one ought to do. Sick persons, for instance, by changing from one bed to another do sometimes get a little relief, but certainly not enough nor such as would rid them of their malady.

  [9] ἀνάπαυσιν, οὐ μὴν ἱκανήν γε οὐδ̓ ὥστε ἀπαλλάξαι: — ἰδεῖν τε ἔστι καὶ τῷ πάνυ πολλῷ θορύβῳ τε καὶ πλήθει οὐ κωλυόμενον πράττειν ἕκαστον τὸ αὑτοῦ ἔργον, ἀλλ̓ ὅ τε αὐλῶν ἢ διδάσκων αὐλεῖν τοῦτο ποιεῖ πολλάκις ἐπ̓ αὐτῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ διδασκαλεῖον ἔχων καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ἐξίστησι τὸ πλῆθος οὐδὲ ὁ θόρυβος τῶν παριόντων, ὅ τε ὀρχούμενος ὁμοίως ἢ ὀρχηστοδιδάσκαλος πρὸς τούτῳ ἐστίν, ἀμελήσας τῶν μαχομένων τε καὶ ἀποδιδομένων καὶ ἄλλα πραττόντων, ὅ τε κιθαριστὴς ὅ τε ζωγράφος: ὃ δὲ πάντων σφοδρότατόν ἐστιν: οἱ γὰρ τῶν γραμμάτων διδάσκαλοι μετὰ τῶν παίδων ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς κάθηνται, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἐμποδών ἐστιν

  [9] And we often see how even in the midst of a very great turmoil and throng the individual is not hampered in carrying on his own occupation; but, on the contrary, the man who is playing the flute or teaching a pupil to play it devotes himself to that, often holding school in the very street, and the crowd does not distract him at all, nor the din made by the passers-by; and the dancer likewise, or dancing master, is engrossed in his work, being utterly heedless of those who are fighting and selling and doing other things; and so also with the harper and the painter. But here is the most extreme case of all: The elementary teachers sit in the streets with their pupils, nothing hinders them in this great throng from teaching and learning.

  [10] ἐν τοσούτῳ πλήθει τοῦ διδάσκειν τε καὶ μανθάνειν. ἤδη δέ ποτε εἶδον ἐγὼ διὰ τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου βαδίζων πολλοὺς ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ἀνθρώπους ἄλλον ἄλλο τι πράττοντας, τὸν μὲν αὐλοῦντα, τὸν δὲ ὀρχούμενον, τὸν δὲ θαῦμα ἀποδιδόμενον, τὸν δὲ ποίημα ἀναγιγνώσκοντα, τὸν δὲ ᾄδοντα, τὸν δὲ ἱστορίαν τινὰ ἢ μῦθον διηγούμενον: καὶ οὐδὲ εἷς τούτων οὐδένα ἐκώλυσε προσέχειν αὑτῷ καὶ

  [10] And I remember once seeing, while walking through the Hippodrome, many people on one spot and each one doing something different: one playing the flute, another dancing, another doing a juggler’s trick, another reading a poem aloud, another singing, and another telling some story or myth; and yet not a single one of them prevented anyone else from attending to his own business and doing the work that he had in hand.

  [11] τὸ προκείμενον πράττειν. καίτοι τούτων οὐδέν ἐστι τῶν ἔργων, ὃ συνάγει τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ καθίστησι καὶ καταφρονεῖν ποιεῖ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων. παιδεία δέ, ὡς ἔοικε, καὶ φιλοσοφία, αἳ μάλιστα τοῦτο διαπράττονται, πολλῆς ἐρημίας τε καὶ ἀναχωρήσεως τυγχάνουσι δεόμεναι: καὶ ὥσπερ τοῖς νοσοῦσιν, εἰ μὴ πανταχόθεν ἐστὶ σιωπή τε καὶ ἡσυχία, οὐ δυνατὸν ὕπνου μεταλαβεῖν, οὕτως [p. 262] ἄρα καὶ τοῖς φιλολόγοις, εἰ μὴ πάντες ὑποσιγήσουσιν αὐτοῖς καὶ μήτε ὅραμα μηδὲν ἄλλο ἔσται μήτε ἀκούσματος ἀκούειν μηδενός, οὐκ ἄρα οἵα τε ἔσται ἡ ψυχὴ τοῖς αὑτῆς προσέχειν καὶ περὶ ταῦτα

  [11] However, you will object, there is none of these occupations that concentrates the mind, steadies it, and causes it to look with disdain upon all other things; and education, apparently, and philosophy, which best accomplish this, do require great seclusion and retirement; and, just as the sick, unless there is silence and quiet all about them, are unable to get any sleep, so, you see, it is with seekers after learning — unless everybody about them is quiet, and unless there is nothing distracting to be seen or heard, their mind will find it impossible to give attention to its own affairs and to concentrate on these.

  [12] γίγνεσθαι. ἀλλ̓ ἔγωγε ὁρῶ καὶ τοὺς πλησίον τῆς θαλάττης οὐδὲν πάσχοντας, ἀλλὰ καὶ διανοεῖσθαι δυναμένους ἃ βούλονται διανοεῖσθαι καὶ λέγοντας καὶ ἀκούοντας καὶ καθεύδοντας, ὁπόταν αὐτοῖς ᾖ καιρός, ὅτι οὐδὲν οἴονται προσήκειν αὑτοῖς τοῦ ψόφου τούτου οὐδὲ φροντίζουσιν. εἰ δέ γε ἐβούλοντο προσέχειν ὁπότε μείζων ἢ ἐλάττων γίγνοιτο ἦχος ἢ διαριθμεῖν τὰ κύματα τὰ προσπίπτοντα ἢ τοὺς λάρους τε καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὄρνεα ὁρᾶν, ὅπως ἐπιπέτονται ἐπὶ τὰ κύματα καὶ νήχονται ῥᾳδίως ἐπ̓ αὐτῶν, οὐκ ἂν

  [12] Yet I for my part notice that people who live by the sea are not affected by its sounds, but are able to put their minds on anything they like, that they speak and listen and sleep when they feel that the time has come for these things, because they think that the sound is no concern of theirs and so do not mind it. But if they did care to take notice when the roar increased or diminished, or to count the waves that break upon the shore, or to watch the gulls and other birds, how they alight on the waves and float easily on them, they would not have time to do anything else.

  [13] ἦν αὐτοῖς σχολὴ ἄλλο τι ποιεῖν. οὐκοῦν καὶ ὅστις δυνατὸς ἐννοῆσαι περὶ τῶν πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τοῦ θορύβου τοῦ κατ̓ αὐτοὺς καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων, ὅτι οὐδὲν διαφέρει ταῦτα τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ γιγνομένων, οὐκ ἂν ἐνοχλοῖτο �
�π̓ αὐτῶν. ἀλλὰ τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὡς ἔοικε, πολλοῦ ἄξιον τὸ μάθημα καὶ δίδαγμα, τὸ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐθίζειν ἕπεσθαι τῷ λόγῳ καὶ μὴ ἐπ̓ ἄλλ̓ ἄττα τρέπεσθαι ἢ τά τε προκείμενα

  [13] So, too, the man who can bring himself to reflect in regard to the crowds and the din they cause and their various affairs, that these things differ not one whit from what takes place on the sea, will not be troubled by any of them. Nay, we have in this, it would seem, a very valuable lesson and bit of instruction — that we should accustom the mind to follow reason and not to let it be diverted to any other thing whatsoever than the matters which are before it and thought to be fitting.

  [14] καὶ δοκοῦντα ὀρθῶς ἔχειν: καὶ ἡ μὲν οὕτως ἐθισθεῖσα ἡ ψυχὴ λόγῳ δυνήσεται ἅπαντα διαπράττεσθαι τὰ προσήκοντα αὐτῇ, ἡ δὲ ῥεμβομένη τε καὶ ἀλύουσα καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐπ̓ ἄλλο τρεπομένη, ὅταν τι προφανῇ ποτε ἡδονήν τινα ἢ ῥᾳστώνην ἔχον, ὥσπερ ὕδατος ἐν ἑτεροκλινεῖ χωρίῳ ὅποι ἔτυχε τρεπομένου, οὐδὲν

  [14] And when we have thus accustomed the mind by reason will be able to accomplish all its proper work; but the mind that spins this way and that and fidgets and turns to one thing after another, whenever anything comes in sight at any time which offers some pleasure or relaxation, like water that turns in every way as it chances on a piece of uneven ground, will derive no benefit whatever from even perfect quiet and seclusion.

  [15] ἂν ὠφεληθείη οὐδ̓ ὑπὸ τῆς πάσης ἡσυχίας τε καὶ ἐρημίας. οἶδα γὰρ ἔγωγε καὶ τῶν κυνῶν τὰς μὲν καλῶς ἀχθείσας καὶ φιλοπόνους, ἐπειδὰν ἀφεθῶσιν, εὐθὺς ἀναζητούσας τὸ ἴχνος, καὶ οὐδ̓ εἰ πάντες ἀποκαλοῖεν, οὐκ ἄν ποτε τοῦτο ἀπολειπούσας, οὐδ̓ εἰ πολλαὶ μὲν φωναὶ πανταχόθεν φέροιντο, πολλαὶ δὲ ὀσμαὶ ἀπό τε τῶν καρπῶν καὶ ἀνθῶν ἐμπλέκοιντο, πολὺ δὲ πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων τε καὶ [p. 263] ἄλλων ζῴων φαίνοιτο καὶ ἴχνη τὰ μὲν ἵππων, τὰ δὲ βοῶν, τὰ δὲ προβάτων — οὐδὲν οὔτε ὁρᾷ τούτων οὔτε αἰσθάνεται αὐτῶν οὐδενός, ἀλλὰ ἐκεῖνο παριδοῦσα πανταχόθεν ἐκλέγει τὸ ἴχνος κἀκείνῳ ἕπεται, μέχρις ἂν εὕρῃ τε καὶ ἀναστήσῃ τὸν λαγών, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα κατέχει διώκουσα, δἰ ὁποίων ἄν ποτε ἴῃ χωρίων, καὶ οὔτε πεδίον οὔτε ὄρος οὔτε τὰ λίαν τραχέα οὔτε χαράδρα ἢ ῥεῦμα ἀποκωλύει αὐτήν, πολλούς τινας δρόμους τοῦ λαγὼ θέοντος καὶ

  [15] I myself know that when well trained and willing dogs are unleashed, they straightway pick up the trail, and not even if all the hunters should try to call them back, would they ever leave it; no, not even if many voices from all sides should reach them and many odours emanating from the fruits and flowers should be mingled with the scent, and a great host of men and other creatures should come to view, and tracks of horses here and cattle or sheep there. Such a dog sees none of these things, picks out the trail on all sides and follows until she finds and puts up the hare; and after this she keeps up the pursuit, no matter what country she has to pass through, and neither plain nor road nor exceedingly rough ground, nor ravine nor stream can stop her, in spite of all the doublings the hare makes in its attempts to put her off the scent.

  [16] πειρωμένου ἐξαπατᾶν: τὰς δὲ ἀμαθεῖς τε καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους κύνας βραδέως μὲν αἰσθανομένας, ταχέως δὲ ἀπαγορευούσας, εἰ δέ ποθεν ἀλλαχόθεν προσπέσοι θροῦς, εἴτε ὑλακὴ κυνῶν εἴτε ἀνθρώπων φθεγξαμένων ὁδοιπόρων ἢ νομέων, εὐθὺς ἀνακυπτούσας ἐκ τοῦ ἴχνους κἀκεῖ φερομένας. τούτων δὴ πάντων, ὅπερ ἔφην, τὸ ἔθος αἴτιον. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐθίζειν ἂν δέοι μηδέποτε ἀποτρέπεσθαι μηδὲ ἀναχωρεῖν τοῦ δοκοῦντος εἶναι προσήκοντος ἔργου. εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ ῥᾴδιον περιγενέσθαι οὐδὲ ἐξεργάσασθαι οὐδὲν ἱκανῶς.

  [16] But ignorant and untrained dogs I find are slow to pick up the trail and quick to give up the chase, and if a noise reaches their ears from any quarter, whether the barking of dogs, or the shouting of men, whether wayfarers or herdsmen, they straightway lift their noses from the trail and rush off in that direction. For all these things, just as I have said, habit is responsible. And in the same way the mind also should be made accustomed never to turn aside or withdraw from what it regards as its proper work. Otherwise it will not be easy to rise above one’s surroundings or to accomplish anything satisfactorily.

  [17] ἢ οὐκ ἐν ταῖς ἐρημίας καὶ ἡσυχίαις, οὐκ ἐνταῦθα μάλιστα ἀνευρήκασιν οἱ ἀνόητοι ἄνθρωποι, ὅπως μηδὲν διανοῶνται τῶν δεόντων, ἕτερα πολλὰ καὶ ἄτοπα διανοήματα, οἷς ἀγαπῶσι ξυνόντες, τυραννίδας τε καὶ πλούτους καὶ ἄλλ̓ ἄττα θαυμαστὰ ἀναπλάττοντες αὑτοῖς; οἱ μὲν θησαυρούς τινας ἀναπλάττοντες χρυσοῦ τε καὶ ἀργύρου πλῆθος ἐξαίφνης ἀμήχανον ὅσον κτώμενοι, οἱ δὲ βασιλεῖς τε καὶ μονάρχους πόλεών τε καὶ ἐθνῶν ἀποδεικνύντες σφᾶς αὐτούς, ἔπειτα ἤδη τὰ ἑξῆς περὶ τὴν τυραννίδα πάντα πράττοντες, τοὺς μέν τινας ἀποκτιννύντες, τοὺς δὲ ἐλαύνοντες, παρθένοις δὲ καὶ μειρακίοις καὶ γυναιξὶ πλησιάζοντες αἷς ἂν ἐθέλωσιν, ἑστιάσεων δὲ καὶ εὐωχιῶν τῶν πολυτελεστάτων μεταλαμβάνοντες,

  [17] Or is it not wildernesses and places undisturbed by sounds, or chiefly there, that foolish men, trying not to concentrate their thoughts upon the essential things, have conjured up many strange imaginings, things amid which they yearn to live, shaping for themselves in fancy sovereign power and riches and other such marvels? Some dig up treasures of gold and silver and thus suddenly come into possession of an enormous quantity of them; and others make themselves emperors and absolute rulers of cities and nations, then straightway putting into practice everything that goes with a tyranny: putting some to death and banishing others, making free with any virgins or boys or matrons that they choose, and taking part in the most costly banquets and feasts;

  [18] οἱ δέ τινες ἀργύριον ἐκδανείζοντες ἢ ἄλλας ἐργασίας οἷον ἐγρηγορότες τε καὶ ὁρῶντες ὀνείρατα ποικίλα καὶ παντοδαπὰ πλάττοντες αὑτοῖς. ἐνίοτέ γε μὴν ἐκ τῶν ὀνειράτων τούτων ἀποβαίνει καὶ ὕπαρ αὐτοῖς τὰ φαυλότατα καὶ ἀτοπώτατα. τυραννίδες μὲν γὰρ οὐ πάνυ τι ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων γίγνονται: οὐ γὰρ ἐθέλει ἡ [p. 264] τυραννὶς ὑπὸ ῥᾳθύμου τε καὶ τρόπον τινὰ ἀεὶ κοιμωμένης διανοίας θηρεύεσθαι, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ὑπὸ δριμείας τε καὶ ἀγρύπνου φροντίδος: δαπάναι δὲ καὶ ἔρωτες κ
αὶ τοιαῦταί τινες διατριβαὶ πολλοῖς

  [18] others put out money on usury or engage in other enterprises, dreaming all kinds of bright dreams to themselves just as if they were wide awake with their eyes open. Aye, and sometimes, to be sure, as the result of these dreams there comes from them the most trivial and absurd awakening from such dreams! For tyrannies are not at all likely to spring from such things, since a tyranny is not apt to be sought by a mind that is slothful and in a sense always asleep, but on the contrary, by keen and unsleeping thought. But lavish expenditures, love intrigues, and such like adventures have undoubtedly often fallen to the lot of many.

  [19] ἤδη πολλάκις ἀπήντησαν. οἷον δὴ ἐγὼ οἶμαι τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, ὡς ἐτύγχανε σχολὴν ἄγων ἐν τῇ Ἴδῃ περὶ τὰ βουκόλια, τοιαύτης ἐννοίας καὶ ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῷ γενομένης ὡς ἄρα εὔδαιμόν τε καὶ μακάριον τὸ τὴν πασῶν καλλίστην γυναῖκα ἔχειν, καὶ οὔτε βασιλεία τούτου ἄξιον τοῦ χρήματος οὔτε πλοῦτος οὔτε κρατεῖν μαχόμενον ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων, μετὰ ταῦτα ἤδη διανοεῖσθαι τίς τε δὴ καὶ παρὰ τίσιν ἡ τοιαύτη γυνὴ καὶ πόθεν ἂν αὐτῷ τοιοῦτος